A peak into metastatic Leydig cell tumor: a rare case report

Testicle tumors are a rare entity among men population, comprising 1-1.5% of all cancers. The Sex cord Stromal tumors contribute just 4% of all testicular cancers, only 10% of them are malignant. Most common sex cord-stromal tumors are the Leydig cell tumor, comprising of 75 to 80% of the total. Incidence is bimodal involving children and adults between 30 and 60 years. The commonest metastatic sites are regional lymph nodes, lung, liver, and bones. Here, we report a case of late metastatic relapsed Leydig cell tumor in a 38-year-old male. Patients with metastatic Leydig cell tumors have poor prognosis and standard treatment recommendations are unclear.

Multivariate analysis of histopathological features as prognostic factors in fifty cases of thyroid neoplasm: a retrospective study done at tertiary care centre

Background: Number of prognostic factors for thyroid carcinoma have been identified including age, gender and tumor characteristics, such as histology and stage. The importance of these factors as independent predictors of survival for patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma has been extensively studied but remains uncertain. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 50 thyroid carcinomas was made to assess prognostic factors including histological variants from September 2019 to February 2022 at our centre. The surgical and histopathological data were studied. Results: 72% patients had papillary thyroid cancer. Multivariate analysis was done and factors showing prognostic significance were tumour size, extrathyroid extension, extranodal extension, lymphovascular, perineural invasion, histological type, necrosis, focality, capsular invasion were found to have poor prognosis. Conclusions: There are histopathological factors which can modify the course and influence the line of treatment of thyroid neoplasms.

HIV disease presenting as parotid lymphoepithelial cysts: a presumptive diagnosis of diffuse infiltrative lymphocytic syndrome (DILS).

Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytic syndrome (DILS), is a rare manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease which is characterized by a diffuse visceral CD8 lymphocytic infiltration, a persistent CD8 lymphocytosis, bilateral parotid swelling and cervical lymphadenopathy. We describe a case of a HIV positive female, who had bilateral parotid swelling and CD8 lymphocytosis, to illustrate this rare clinical entity.

Kawasaki disease--Indian perspective.

Kawasaki disease is a syndrome of unknown etiology affecting children below 5 years of age and is a leading cause of acquired heart disease in many developed countries. Incidence of this disease in India is extremely low as evidenced by the meagre case reports. Complications due to this disease in Indian patients are still rarer. Here we report two cases of Kawasaki disease both of whom had a benign course. A comparison of this disease in Indian and Western literature shows that the incidence of cardiac complications in the Indian patients is about 10% while in the west it is reported at around 30%. This paucity of complications in the Indian patients may be the reason of poor reporting of this disease in our country.

Microbial flora of women with chronic cervicitis.

The present study comprised 50 patients of chronic cervicitis attending gynaecological clinic of Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. The aim of the study was to isolate some of the common sexually transmitted disease (STD) pathogens in chronic cervicitis. Cervical swabs were taken from the patients. The swabs were analysed by various microbiological techniques. Most (78%) of the patients harboured infection, no growth of any organism was found in 22% cases. Ureaplasma urealyticum was the predominant organism isolated in 56% of cases. It was isolated singly in 38% of cases. Various other organisms isolated singly were Chlamydia trachomatis in 2% of cases, candida species in 2% of cases, Staphylococcus epidemidis in 4% of cases, lactobacillus in 4% of cases, and Staphylococcus aureus in 2% of cases. Multiple organisms were isolated in 26% of cases.

Role of the male partner in the lower genitourinary tract infection of female.

We studied the relationships of selected microbes and the role of consorts in the causation of vaginal discharge which may be due to cervicitis or vaginitis. A total of 93 consecutive patients in the reproductive age group with symptoms of vaginal discharge along with their sexual partners were studied. Samples were collected from the cervix and posterior fornix of the female patients and from the urethra and sub-prepucial area of the male partner for culture of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma, candida, aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Apart from cultures, KOH and Gram stain of the discharge were made. Predominant pathogen isolated was Ureaplasma urealyticum from 40 (43.01%) females and 23 (24.7%) males. The next common pathogenic organisms isolated were candida species from 11 (11.8%) females and 5 (5.4%) males and Chlamydia trachomatis in 3 (3.2%) females and 1 (1.1%) male. Various organisms were more frequently isolated from the 29 of 43 (67.4%) couples who had had sexual intercourse 7 days prior to the recruitment as compared to 14 of 43 (32.6%) who had had coitus more than 7 days prior to their recruitment. This may be due to the spontaneous disappearance or decrease in the number of organisms to the level that they could be detected by culture. In our study, 6 (6.5%) of male partners carrying pathogenic organisms were asymptomatic, indicating that their screening and treatment is vital.