Screening of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Genotypes against Cercospora Leaf Spot Caused by (Cercospora canescens) for Disease Resistance

In India, where vegetarianism is the norm, mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is a significant source of proteins, minerals, and vitamins. One of the most significant fungal diseases, Cercospora leaf spot caused by Cercospora canescens, appears every year with varying intensity and significantly reduces yield. The objective of the current studies was to test 100 genotypes for resistance to Cercospora canescens in vivo at the Student's Instructional Farm (S.I.F.) A.N.D.U.A. &T., Kumarganj, Ayodhya. According to the rating system, which is based on the severity of the disease, different genotypes were assigned to different grades. Out of total test entries 13 genotypes LGG 607, PM 14- 3, AKM 12-28, VGG 16- 036, Pusa 171, Pusa 172, RMG 1092, RMG 1097, JLM 302-46, IPM 312-19, IPM 312-20, MGG 387 were found free from infection, 18 genotypes SKNM 1502, COGG 13-39 , PM 1511, Type 44, , DDG3, VGG 05-006, TRAM 1, Asha ,BPMR 145, IPM 02-14, TMB -36, CO -6, BMU, MH 805, MH 2-15, MH 421, MVSKAN, Pusa 0672, were found highly resistant 14 genotypes were noticed susceptible and only 3 genotypes were recorded highly susceptible.

Compatibility Analysis of Mushroom with different Botanicals in In vitro Condition

White button mushroom [Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach] is the most popular cultivated edible mushroom, fetching high price and still dominating in Indian and International market. However, the limiting factor for its successful cultivation is the occurrence of competitor moulds. The present investigations were carried out in the laboratory Department of Plant Pathology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. In this experiment different botanical (seed extract) viz., Trachyspermum ammi (Ajwain), Foeniculum vulgare (Saunf), Anethum graveolens (Soa), Trigonella foenumgraecum (Methi) were evaluated to test their compatibility with Agaricus bisporus. The botanicals (seed extract) were evaluated in vitro through poison food technique at 10, 20 and 30% concentrations and 24, 48 & 72 hours of incubation. The maximum radial growth of Agaricus bisporus was observed in T0-Control (Agaricus bisporus) (16.45mm), (17.12 mm) and (17.22 mm) and minimum in T1 - Trachyspermum ammi (Ajwain) (1.46mm), (0.83mm) and (0.60mm) at 10, 20 and 30 percent concentration respectively. Maximum percentage of inhibition was observed in T1 - Trachyspermum ammi (Ajwain) (91.11%), (95.13%) and (96.50%) at 10, 20 and 30 percent concentration respectively.

Screening of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Genotypes against Web Blight Caused by (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) for Disease Resistance

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is the important source of proteins, minerals, and vitamins of the predominantly vegetarian Indian diet. Web blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn) is one of the most important fungal diseases which appear every year in varying intensity and causes heavy reduction in yield. The present investigations were carried out at the Student’s Instructional Farm (S.I.F.) A.N.D.U.A. &T., Kumarganj, Ayodhya to test the resistance of 100 genotypes against Rhizoctonia solani Kühn under natural conditions (In vivo).Genotypes were placed in different grades according to the rating scale which is based on disease severity. Out of total test entries nine genotypes viz., DGGV-2, OUM11-5, RMG1030, IPM9901-8, DGG1, SML10-82, MH2-15, LGG450 and CGG945 were found free from infection, twelve genotypes viz., RMG-975, CGG-973, AKM -8802, IPM -02-3, MH-4, Pusa -0672, AKM-4, CO-5 Check, Bbara S. check, Asha, BPMR 145 and IPM 02-14 were recorded highly resistant, twenty four genotypes were noticed susceptible and only nine genotypes were found highly susceptible.

In vitro Evaluation of Botanicals, Bio-agents and Fungicides against Rhizoctonia solani Causing Web Blight Disease of Mungbean

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is the important source of proteins, minerals, and vitamins of the predominantly vegetarian Indian diet. It belongs to the family Leguminaceae. Web blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn) is one of the most important fungal diseases which come every year with different intensity and causes huge losses in mungbean yield. The present investigations were carried out in the laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya to test the efficacy of different treatments viz., Neem, Garlic, Tulsi, onion, Ginger, T. asperellum, T. harzianum, Propiconazole and Hexaconazole against Rhizoctonia solani Kühn under in vitro condition. Botanicals and Fungicides were tested through Poisoned food technique and Bio-agents were tested through dual culture technique. Pathogen was isolated from diseased mungbean plant and further tested against different treatments. Radial growth and percent inhibition were recorded. Minimum radial growth and maximum percent inhibition were recorded in Propiconazole 1.45 mm, followed by Hexaconazole (3.65 mm), Garlic (10.18 mm), Ginger (11.43 mm), Neem (12.90 mm), Onion (15.42 mm), Tulsi (17.63 mm), T. asperellum (18.58 mm), T. harzianum (23.14 mm) as compared to Control (45.17 mm) at 24 hours of incubation. Similar trends were found at 36 and 48 hours intervals.

Influence of Aeroponic System on Growth and Yield Parameters of V-1 Mulberry

In an aeroponic system, nutrients are directly delivered to the plant roots, which results in the faster growth of crops. Furthermore, aeroponics has been extensively used as a research tool for many difficult-to-propagate plant species. The present investigation shows that the plants grown under the aeroponic system were recorded maximum for all the growth parameters except leaf area which was found maximum under nursery conditions. Among treatments, T3 (three buds per cutting) recorded the maximum for all growth parameters followed by T2 (two buds per cutting) and T1 (one bud per cutting). The interaction effect between propagation systems and the number of buds per cutting showed significant results. S1T3 (three budded cuttings under aeroponic system) recorded maximum for growth parameters viz., intermodal length (4.27 cm), plant height (44.39 cm), number of leaves (16.91), leaf yield (10.79 g/plant), whereas least was recorded by S2T1 i.e., one budded cuttings under nursery (2.39 cm, 35.47 cm, 5.88, 4.84g /plant respectively) at 60 DAT. However, S2T3 recorded a maximum leaf area of 95.96 cm2. From these results, it can be concluded that the aeroponic system could be effectively used for the production of V-1 mulberry saplings.

Prescription pattern of analgesics in orthopedics outpatient department at a tertiary care hospital.

Background: Analgesics are the most common class of drugs prescribed for various conditions in the orthopedics outpatient department (OPD). This study is performed for a better understanding of analgesics prescribing pattern in orthopedics and to correlate the use of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, conventional non-steroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and opioid analgesics in practice in the present scenario. Methods: The prescriptions from the OPD of Orthopedics at Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College was reviewed between June 2013 and November 2013, entered in a pre-designed proforma. Pain was quantifi ed using numeric rating scale. The type of analgesics administered, whether monotherapy or combined therapy and the duration of therapy, was analyzed to obtain an overview of the current prescribing pattern. Results: A total of 300 prescriptions were analyzed. 800 drugs were prescribed with an average of 2.6 drugs per prescription. Of these, 62.3% were NSAIDs, 15.4% were opioid analgesics and 22.3% were gastroprotective agents. 61% of the NSAIDs were prescribed as monotherapy and 39% were prescribed as fi xed drug combination (FDC). The ratio of selective to non-selective NSAIDs is 1.3:1. Conclusions: The results of the present study show frequent use of selective COX-2 inhibitors, although non-selective NSAIDs topped the list of various selective NSAIDs, non-selective NSAIDs, and opioid analgesics. This suggests that gastrointestinal safety was an important concern while prescribing these drugs. Many FDCs were found to be irrational.