RESUMO
The six basic generations (two parents, F1, F2 and backcrosses) of 14 crosses developed from nine parents differing in fruits node−1 and fruit orientation were evaluated to decipher the genetics of three quantitative traits (average fruit weight, fruits plant−1 and green fruit yield plant−1) during the rainly season of 2016 and 2017. The magnitude and direction of the additive genetic effects [a], dominance genetic effects [d], magnitudes of additive genetic variance (σ2 A) and dominance genetic variance (σ2 D) varied with the genetic background of the crosses and traits. In the genetic background of crosses involving parents differing in fruit node−1, the inheritance of average fruit weight, fruits plant−1 and fruit yield plant−1 were controlled by the genes with both additive and ambidirectional dominant effects. On the contrary, genes with only additive effects controlled the inheritance of average fruit weight, fruits plant−1 and fruit yield plant−1 in most genetic backgrounds of crosses involving parents differing in fruit orientation and those differing in both fruits node−1 and fruit orientation. Further, the genes controlling the inheritance of all the traits are dispersed among the parents used in the investigation. These results are discussed in relation to strategies to be used in breeding chilli.
RESUMO
Lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] is considered as a risk factor for vascular diseases, especially those associated with renal failure. Adequate studies have not been conducted on the lipoprotein (a) in essential hypertensive patients. There is a controversy on the mechanisms by which Lp (a) is associated with essential hypertension. It is unclear whether Lp (a) contributes to atherogenesis or to thrombogenesis or both. Recent studies suggest that Lp (a) can act as a marker for determining vascular or tissue injury. Reports on Indian population indicate elevated levels of Lp (a), together with other serum lipoproteins emphasizing an important role in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and peripheral atherosclerosis. In the present study we aimed to evaluate the relation between plasma levels of Lp (a) and the parameters of the lipid profile in a group of essential hypertensive patients, who are not receiving pharmacological treatment and with no clinical signs of associated pathologies or organ damage. A total of 37 essential hypertensive patients (27 men and 10 women) were compared with 50 controls (32 men and 18 women). It was observed that the hypertensive patients had higher plasma concentrations of Lp (a), Total Cholesterol (TC), Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C), and Triglycerides (TG) as compared to controls (P< 0.01). Hypertensive patients were also observed to have significantly low levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol levels (HDL-C) as compared to controls (P<0.01). Only 14 hypertension patients and 4 controls had plasma concentrations of Lp (a) of over 30 mg/dl. Lp (a) values correlated significantly ( P<0.05 ) with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the main parameters of the lipid profile. We conclude that elevated plasma Lp (a) levels were associated with hypertension and show significant correlation with lipid levels. However higher plasma concentrations of Lp (a), albeit with in the normal range, could be an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, and could contribute towards increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease in persons with essential hypertension.