Association of greenness exposure with waist circumference and central obesity in Chinese adults aged 65 years and over / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To examine the association of greenness exposure with waist circumference (WC) and central obesity in older adults in China. Methods: Based on the cross-sectional data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2017-2018, 14 056 participants aged 65 years and over were included. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle, WC, and other information were collected through a questionnaire and physical examination. Based on the satellite monitoring data of moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) provided by NASA, the annual mean of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) within a radius of 1 000 meters was obtained as the measurement value of greenness exposure. Multivariate linear regression model, multivariate logistic regression model, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) model were used to analyze the association and dose-response relationship between greenness exposure and WC and central obesity in older adults in China. Results: A total of 14 056 participants were enrolled with a median age of 84.0 years [IQR: 75.0-94.0 years]. About 45.0% (6 330) of them were male and 48.6% (5 853) were illiterate. There were 10 964 (78.0%) participants from rural. The mean of WC was (84.4±10.8) cm. Central obesity accounted for 60.2% (8 465), and the NDVI range was (-0.06, 0.78). After adjusting for confounding factors, the multivariate linear regression model showed that the change value of WC in the urban group [β (95%CI):-0.49 (-0.93, -0.06)] was smaller than that in the rural [-0.78 (-0.98, -0.58)] for every 0.1 unit increase in NDVI (Pinteraction=0.022). Compared with the Q1 group in NDVI, WC of Q2 and Q3 groups in rural decreased, and the β (95%CI) values were-1.74 (-2.5, -0.98) and-2.78 (-3.55, -2.00), respectively. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, the risk of central obesity decreased for urban and rural older adults with an increase of 0.1 unit in NDVI, and the OR (95%CI) values were 0.87 (0.80, 0.95) and 0.86 (0.82, 0.89), respectively (Pinteraction=0.284). Compared with the Q1 group in NDVI, the risk of central obesity in the Q2 and Q3 groups in rural was lower, and the OR (95%CI) values were 0.68 (0.58, 0.80) and 0.57 (0.49, 0.68), respectively. The results of the multivariate regression model with RCS showed that there was a non-linear association of NDVI with WC (Pnonlinear=0.006) and central obesity (Pnonlinear=0.025). Conclusion: Greenness exposure is negatively associated with WC and central obesity in older adults in China.

Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis : A Meta-Analysis

Objective@#: A role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is not wellunderstood. This study evaluates the effectiveness of DWI in the diagnosis of CVT. @*Methods@#: Literature search was conducted in electronic databases for the identification of studies which reported the outcomes of patients subjected to DWI for CVT diagnosis. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to achieve overall estimates of important diagnostic efficiency indices including hyperintense signal rate, the sensitivity and specificity of DWI in diagnosing CVT, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of DWI signal areas and surrounding tissue. @*Results@#: Nineteen studies (443 patients with 856 CVTs; age 40 years [95% confidence interval (CI), 33 to 43]; 28% males [95% CI, 18 to 38]; symptom onset to DWI time 4.6 days [95% CI, 2.3 to 6.9]) were included. Hyperintense signals on DWI were detected in 40% (95% CI, 26 to 55) of the cases. The sensitivity of DWI for detecting CVT was 22% (95% CI, 11 to 34) but specificity was 98% (95% CI, 95 to 100). ADC values were quite heterogenous in DWI signal areas. However, generally the ADC values were lower in DWI signal areas than in surrounding normal areas (mean difference−0.33×10-3 mm2/s [95% CI, −0.44 to −0.23]; p<0.00001). @*Conclusion@#: DWI has a low sensitivity in detecting CVT and thus has a high risk of missing many CVT cases. However, because of its high specificity, it may have supporting and exploratory roles in CVT diagnosis.

Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis : A Meta-Analysis

Objective@#: A role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is not wellunderstood. This study evaluates the effectiveness of DWI in the diagnosis of CVT. @*Methods@#: Literature search was conducted in electronic databases for the identification of studies which reported the outcomes of patients subjected to DWI for CVT diagnosis. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to achieve overall estimates of important diagnostic efficiency indices including hyperintense signal rate, the sensitivity and specificity of DWI in diagnosing CVT, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of DWI signal areas and surrounding tissue. @*Results@#: Nineteen studies (443 patients with 856 CVTs; age 40 years [95% confidence interval (CI), 33 to 43]; 28% males [95% CI, 18 to 38]; symptom onset to DWI time 4.6 days [95% CI, 2.3 to 6.9]) were included. Hyperintense signals on DWI were detected in 40% (95% CI, 26 to 55) of the cases. The sensitivity of DWI for detecting CVT was 22% (95% CI, 11 to 34) but specificity was 98% (95% CI, 95 to 100). ADC values were quite heterogenous in DWI signal areas. However, generally the ADC values were lower in DWI signal areas than in surrounding normal areas (mean difference−0.33×10-3 mm2/s [95% CI, −0.44 to −0.23]; p<0.00001). @*Conclusion@#: DWI has a low sensitivity in detecting CVT and thus has a high risk of missing many CVT cases. However, because of its high specificity, it may have supporting and exploratory roles in CVT diagnosis.

Application for a Bridge Therapy of Percutaneous Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty in the Era of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Single Center Experience / 中国循环杂志

Objectives: To explore the clinical experience for a bridge therapy of percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty (PBAV) in treating the patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). Methods: A total of 37 patients with severe AS who were not suitable for surgical valvular replacement received PBAV in our hospital from 2011-03 to 2017-03 were retrospectively studied. The patient's mean age was (74±12) years, their clinical and anatomical features, efficacy and safety of operation were observed and the outcomes were evaluated by follow-up study. Results: Patients presented the high surgical risk and worse cardiac function, 50% of them had bicuspid leaflet morphology with severe calcification [HU850=(856.0±658.2) mm3]. Balloon size was chosen by the intra-operative supra-annular diameters; at 7 days after operation, aortic valve orifice area (AVOA) was increased from (0.37±0.10) cm2to (0.87±1.10) cm2, the mean trans-aortic valve gradient pressure decreased form (55.1±22.9) mmHg to (44.8±17.8) mmHg, P<0.001 and LVEF elevated form(35.8±14.3)% to(41.0±12.2)%,P<0.001.There were 4 patients died in hospital,1 received permanent pacemaker and 1 developed severe aortic valve regurgitation. The patients were followed-up for (16.5±11.1)months after operation, 13/37 (35.1%) patients were in transition to surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Conclusions: PBAV may have good early clinical efficacy in severe AS patients who were not suitable for surgical valvular replacement and TAVR; PBAV could be expected to become a bridge therapy, smaller supra-annular diameter was safe and effective for patients having bicuspid leaflet with severe calcification.

Expression of PFKFB3 and S1P2 in the retina of type 2 diabetic rats and the intervention effect of tBHQ / 眼科新进展

Objective To investigate the expression of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase /fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3 (PFKFB3) and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1 P2) in the retina of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and to explore the correlation of tertiary butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) with PFKFB3 and S1P2.Methods Together 60 male SD rats were divided into normal control group (NC group),diabetes mellitus group (DM group) and tBHQ group.Type 2 DM model was induced in the latter two groups.The rats in tBHQ group were given 10 g · L-1 tBHQ in high-fat and highsugar diet 1 week after successful modeling,while DM rats were fed with high-fat and high-sugar diet continuously.At 4 weeks and 12 weeks after tBHQ intervention,blood samples were taken from the hearts of rats in each group,and serum contents of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting serum insulin (FINs) were measured.Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR were taken to detect the distribution and expression of PFKFB3,S1 P2 and vascular endothehal growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein in the retina,and TUNEL methods were used to detect apoptosis index of retinal ganglion cells of rats in each group.Results There were significant difference in the FPG and FINs levels of the three groups at 4 weeks and 12 weeks (all P =0.000).Light microscopy test showed that positive expressions of PFKFB3,S1 P2 and VEGF protein were found in all groups at 4 and 12 weeks,which were mainly located in the retinal ganglion cell layer and the inner nuclear layer.Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR showed that the difference in relative expressions of PFKFB3,S1P2,VEGF protein and mRNA in the retina at different times after modeling were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).At 4 and 12 weeks,the expression levels of PFKFB3,S1P2 and VEGF in DM group were higher than those in NC group,but their expressions in tBHQ group were significantly downregulated when compared with DM group,and all differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with 4 weeks,PFKFB3,S1 P2 and VEGF mRNA and protein in DM group were overexpressed at 12 weeks,and the expression level of S1 P2 in tBHQ group at 12 weeks was lower than that at 4 weeks,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).TUNEL assays showed that there was significant difference in the apoptotic index (AI) of retinal ganglion cells of rats in each group at different times after modeling (all P ＜ 0.05).DM group had higher AI than NC group (P ＜ 0.05),and tBHQ group was lower than DM group (P ＜ 0.05);Compared with 4 weeks,DM group had increased AI at 12 weeks while tBHQ group had decreased AI (both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion PFKFB3,S1P2 and VEGF are involved in the pathological process of the retina of type 2 DM rats,which may play a role through the PFKFB3 / VEGF / S1P2 signaling pathway and may be related to the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells.And it is indicated that tBHQ has a protective effect on the retina of type 2 DM rats.

Local administration of calcitonin gene-related peptide promotes early healing after rotator cuff injury in mice / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Repair of tendon interface is a difficulty in orthopedics and sports medicine, and the formation of new bone is conducive to its healing. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a critical role in tissue homeostasis and repair, but its effect on the bone-tendon interface repair is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of CGRP on the expression of osteocalcin and to evaluate the effect of CGRP on the early healing of rotator cuff injury in a mouse model. METHODS: A mouse model of supraspinatus insertion-humerus injury was created. All model mice were then randomized into two groups, and given the injection of 5 nmol/kg CGRP (experimental group) or same volume of normal saline (control group) through the glenohumeral joint immediately after operation, thrice weekly, for 2 weeks. The mice were sacrificed at postoperative 4 and 6 weeks to remove the rotator cuff samples for hematoxylin-eosin staining and biomechanical test. The mRNA and protein expression levels of osteocalcin were surveyed by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At postoperative 4 and 6 weeks, the mRNA and protein expression of osteocalcin in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, there were more fibrocartilages in the experimental group at 4 weeks postoperatively, and more new bone formation in the experimental group at 6 weeks postoperatively. At 4 weeks postoperatively, failure load in the experimental group increased slightly, but it was not significantly different from that in the control group (P > 0.05); at 6 weeks postoperatively, failure load in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). To conclude, local injection of CGRP can up-regulate the expression of osteocalcin and the formation of new bone at the injury site, which can enhance early healing the injured rotator cuff.

Application and Assessment of CT Scanning in Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To assess the application value of CT scanning in percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI). Methods: A total of 19 patients with severe pulmonary regurgitation planed to receive PPVI in our hospital from 2014-05 to 2016-07 were studied. CT scan and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) were conducted to collect the data of pulmonary root anatomy and to compare the difference of pulmonary annulus size measured by CT and TTE. The accuracy of pre-operative measurement was evaluated by the follow-up study at (1-26) months after the operation. Results: In all 19 patients, the mean anatomic measurements by CT were as follows: diameter of pulmonary annulus (24.3±3.5) mm, diameter of pulmonary sinotubular junction (25.4±4.0) mm, diameter at distal of main pulmonary artery (27.5±4.8) mm, diameter of right ventricular outflow tract (36.8±7.3) mm, length of main pulmonary artery (45.5±7.0) mm, diameter of left pulmonary artery (17.9±1.5) mm and diameter of right pulmonary artery (18.5±3.6) mm. The diameter of pulmonary annulus measured by CT was larger than TTE, P<0.05. During (1-26) months follow-up period, no patients suffered from stent fracture or translocation, peri-pulmonary valve regurgitation, obvious pulmonary regurgitation or coronary stenosis; 1 patient had increased flow rate at right pulmonary artery opening by stent blocking and 2 patients had residue mild stenosis of pulmonary valve. Conclusion: Pulmonary annulus size measured by CT and TTE was different; CT may precisely assess the morphology of pulmonary root with adjacent area which is important for pre-operative evaluation in PPVI patients.

The Imaging and Clinical Feature Analysis for Behcet's Disease With Coronary Artery Involvement in 6 Patients / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To explore the imaging and clinical features of Behcet's disease with coronary artery involvement in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice. Methods: A total of 6 Behcet's disease patients with coronary involvement diagnosed and treated in our hospital from 1999-08 to 2016-11 were analyzed. Coronary angiography (CAG) and coronary CTA were performed for diagnosis. There were 5 cases received CAG and 5 cases received CTA examinations. Results: All 6 patients had the first clinical visit by sudden pericardial tapenade, myocardial infarction or cardiac shock. For diagnosis: the imaging presentation included coronary stenosis, occlusion and pseudo aneurysm formation. 3 patients had anterior descending artery involvement, 1 had the far-end of left circumflex involvement and 2 had the middle segment of right coronary involvement; all patients were combining large amount of pericardial effusion. For treatment: there were 3 patients with aneurysm received conservative treatment (1 case had open thoracic exploration), 1/3 lost contact and 2 having long-term normal life; 3 patients received coronary stent implantation without optimal effect. Conclusion: The patients of Behcet's disease with coronary involvement may easily form pseudo aneurysm; CAG/CTA has been helpful for diagnosis. Clear pre-operative diagnosis of etiology is important for treatment.

Mice mode of high intraocular pressure established by laser photocoagulation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To establish an experimental model of high intraocular pressure in mice by laser photocoagulation and to prepare for future research. METHODS: Experimental model of high intraocular pressure was induced unilaterally in 44 C57BL/6 mice. The fellow eye served as a control. TONO-PEN AVIA Tonomter was used to measure intraocular pressure (IOP) to guarantee IOP value at 1, 2, 4, 8wk. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy was performed throughout the period and the structural changes were assessed histologically. And then, their eyes were enucleated, postfixed, cryoprotected, and embedded in optimal cutting temperature medium. After hematoxylin and eosin stain ( HE stain ) , cryosections of the retina were observed under light microscope. TdT-mediated biotin-dUTP nick end labeling ( TUNEL ) was performed on the retinal sections to determine apoptosis rate. RESULTS: IOP of laser-treated eyes was significantly higher than that of control eyes from 1-8wk (P CONCLUSION: The laser photocoagulation of limbus causes chronic elevation of IOP and this method may be a promising experimental model for the investigation of biological mechanisms of glaucomatous retinal ganglion cell damage.

Construction of recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid of human thyrotropin receptor extracellular domain encapsulated with cationic liposomes / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AlM:To construct recombination eukaryotic expression plasmid of human thyrotropin receptor extracellular domain encapsulated with cationic liposomes. METHODS:We amplified the target gene of shuttle vector PHMCMVTSHR289, conjugated the target gene and eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3. 1 +, and accredited whether pcDNA3. 1+/TSHR289 was connected or not by enzymatic digestion and sequencing. Cationic liposomes encapsulated the recombination plasmid pcDNA3. 1+/TSHR289. RESULTS: Recombination plasmid pcDNA3. 1+/TSHR289 digested with enzyme Hindlll and the fragment through 0. 8% gel electrophoresis showed 512bp strip. Recombination plasmid pcDNA3. 1+/TSHR289 were found synonymous mutation through forward ( AAC to AAT ) and reverse sequencing ( GCG to GCT) . The volume ratio of cationic liposomes and recombinant plasmid was 3:1. CONCLUSlON: lt is successful to construct the recombination plasmid pcDNA3. 1+/TSHR289 by accredit it through enzymatic digestion and sequencing.

Influence of intra-colonic infusion of acetic acid irritation combined with chronic external bondage stress on the visceral sensitivity and mast cell state in the colon of rats / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the establishment method of an animal model of irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS) and the evaluation of this animal model.Methods 30 adult SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: acetic acid irritation and bondage stress group ( n=10 ) , bondage stress group ( n =10 ) , and normal control group ( n=10 ) .The rats of the intervention group received an intra-colonic infusion of 0.4% acetic acid irritation combined with bondage stress to establish an animal model of IBS.The colonic sensitivity of the intervention group rats was assessed by stool test and colorectal distension ( CRD) test.Hydrochloric acid toluidine blue staining was used to observe the number degranulation phenomenon of mast cells in the ileocecum.Results On the 7th day, the number of soft feces was 8 and loose stool was 4 in the model group, significantly higher than that in the bondage stress group(0 and 0) (P<0.05),and normal control group (1 and 0) (P<0.05).On the 10th day, when the AWR=2, the average rectal distension volume was 1.2 mL, significantly lower than that in the bondage stress group(1.37mL) (P <0.05),also significantly lower than in the normal control group (1.49 mL) (P<0.05), and when the AWR=4, the average rectal distension volume was 1.49 mL, significantly lower than that in the bondage stress group(1.74mL) (P<0.05),and the normal control group (1.77 mL) (P<0.05).These results indicated that the visceral sensitivity of the model group was significantly higher than that in the bondage stress group and normal control group.Histological analysis showed that the rats of all groups had no obvious inflammatory changes.Conclusions Chronic bondage stress combined with intra-colonic infusion of 0.4%acetic acid irritation can be used to increase the visceral sensitivity and amount and degranulation of mast cells in the intestinal tissue in rats.This established rat model shows pathogenetic changes resembling the pathogenesis of human irritable bowel syndrome, and provides a useful animal model for further studies of the pathogenesis of this disease.

Clinical study on the prevention and treatment function of muscovite in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug induced small intestinal injury / 中华消化杂志

Objective To investigate the injury of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in small intestinal mucosa and the protective role of muscovite.Methods From December 2012 to June 2013,28 healthy volunteers without intestinal mucosal injury showed by capsule endoscopy were selected as objects of this study.Based on computer-generated random number table,the subjects were divided into muscovite group and control group.Subjects of muscovite group orally took muscovite 3 g twice daily,diclofenac 75 mg twice daily and omeprazole 20 mg once a day.The medicine for control group were as same as muscovite group but no muscovite.Patient in both groups took medicines for two weeks.All subjects underwent capsule endoscopy examination after the medication.Before and after the medication,the clinical symptoms of subjects and the changes of small intestinal mucosa under endoscopy were compared.The t-test was performed for comparison between the groups in normally distributed measurement data.For non-normal distributed measurement data,Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparison between the groups.Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was implemented for comparison between the groups of count data.Results There were no differences in the incidences of the injury of the intestinal mucosa,ulceration,petechiae and (or) erythema,mucosal exposure between muscovite group (5/14,4/14,3/14 and 1/14,respectively) and control group (10/14,8/14,7/14 and 3/14,respectively) (all P＞0.05).Both the incidences of intestinal mucosal erosions and lymphangiectasis of muscovite group (4/14 and 1/14) were lower than those of control group (10/14 and 8/14) and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =5.143,Fisher's exact test,both P＜0.05).All the number of injury of the intestinal mucosa,ulceration and erosions of muscovite group (0.00(2.00),0.00(1.00),0.00(1.25),respectively) were lower than those of control group (5.50(17.25),2.00(9.75),3.00(5.00),respectively) and the differences were statistically significant (Z=-2.156,-1.988 and -2.338,all P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the number of petechiae and (or) erythema between muscovite group and control group (P＞0.05).In muscovite group,the number of grade zero,one,two,three and four intestinal mucosa injury was nine,zero,one,three and one; in control group was four,zero,two,two and six.There was statistically significant difference between the two groups (Z=-2.108,P＜0.05).In muscovite group,the number of mucosa injury in the upper,middle and lower sections of small intestine was 0.00(0.25),0.00(0.25),0.00(0.75),respectively,and there was no significant difference in the distribution of small intestinal mucosa injury in the group (all P＞ 0.05).In control group,the number of mucosa injury in the upper,middle and lower sections of small intestine was 2.00(4.00),0.00(4.25),3.00(9.75),respectively,and there was statistically significant difference in the distribution of small intestinal mucosa injury in the group (x2 =7.189,P＜0.05).The number of small intestinal mucosa injury in the upper and lower sections of control group was more than that of muscovite group and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.087 and-2.502,both P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Short-term orally taking NSAID lead to small intestinal mucosal injury and muscovite could reduce NSAID-related small intestinal mucosal injury.

Aortic Root Imaging and Clinical Application in 15 Patients With Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation--A Single Center Early Experience / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To study the aortic root imaging and clinical application in 15 patients with transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Methods: A total of 15 patients with severe aortic valve stenosis received TAVI in our hospital from 2011-03 to 2013-11 were studied. The CT scan and transthoracic echocardiography were conducted to measure the aortic root anatomy and the differences of annulus size between CT and echocardiography were calculated. The prosthetic valves were selected based on CT measurement. The pre-operative accuracy of measurement was evaluated by the follow-up study at 6 months after operation. Results: The CT measured pre-operative aortic annulus short diameter was (21.5 ± 2.4) mm, long diameter was (27.3 ± 2.7) mm, the average inner diameter was (24.4 ± 2.4) mm, left ventricular out lfow (LVOF) tract long diameter was (28.3 ± 4.5) mm, the average inner diameter of LVOF was (24 ± 3.5), ascending aorta diameter was (35.3 ± 4.4) mm. The Venus Medtech A-Valve implanted in 8 patients with #26 and in 7 patients with #29. The average inner diameter of aortic annulus measured by CT was larger than transthoracic echocardiography, P Conclusion: There is a difference for aortic annulus size by CT and transthoracic echocardiography measurements. CT may presisely assess the aortic root morphology and provide strong support for TAVI.

Relationship Between Coronary Artery Calcification and Pulse Pressure Difference in the Rural Population of Yunnan Province / 中国循环杂志

Objective: Based on coronary artery calciifcation (CAC) distribution in the rural population of Yunnan province, we further explored the relationship between coronary artery calciifcation score (CACS) and the pulse pressure difference (PPD). Methods: A randomly stratiifed cluster sampling method was used to study the rural population of Yunnan province and 16-MDCT scan was performed in 212 subjects for evaluating their CAC and calculating CACS. The subjects were divided into 2 sets of groups according to the age and CACS value. Age (51-60) years group,n=108 and Age (61-71) years group,n=104; CACS Results: The average PPD level in Age (61-71) years group was (44.67±13.87) mmHg and in Age (61-71) years group was (50.00±17.44) mmHg,P=0.015, PPD was positively related to age, rs=0.202,P=0.003. The average PPD level in CACS≥100 group, CACS Conclusion: PPD as a risk factor of coronary artery disease is related to CACS in rural population of Yunnan province, the CACS increased accordingly with the elevated PPD level.

Relation between uric acid and coronary artery calcification:a community-based cross-sectional survey among Beijing natural population / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of uric acid on coronary artery calcification in the natural population in Beijing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From April to July 2012, 903 subjects from the natural population(aged 37-76 years for men, aged 42-76 years for women)in Xishan community, Beijing, were selected to accept a survey on the risk factors of cardiovascular. Blood tests and CT coronary artery calcium scans were carried out.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the 1 Quartile(1 Q), 2 to 3 Quartile(2-3 Q)and 4 Quartile(4 Q)of uric acid levels, the prevalence rates of coronary artery calcium were 37.2% , 45.5% , 60.6% (P<0.001) and the coronary artery calcium scores were (109.7±333.1)AU, (133.9±356.9)AU, (200.8±459.4) AU (P < 0.001)respectively. Data from the univariate logistic regression analysis showed that with the increase of uric acid, the prevalence rates of coronary artery calcium also increased(OR2-3Q = 1.41, 95% CI:1.02-1.95, P = 0.040; OR4Q = 2.60, 95% CI:1.78-3.80, P < 0.001). However, the relationship between uric acid and coronary artery calcium disappeared when using the multivariate logistic regression analysis(OR2-3Q = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.60-1.43, P = 0.713;OR4Q = 1.38, 95% CI:0.80-2.39, P = 0.247).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Uric acid did not seem to be an independent risk factor for coronary artery calcium, although the prevalence and extent of coronary artery calcium increased along with the increasing trend of uric acid.</p>

Analysis of bacterial distribution and resistance from exacerbation of COPD patients in C and D Classification in our emergency department / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To analyze the bacterial distribution and resistance of clinical isolates from exacerbation of COPD patients in C and D classification in our emergency department.Methods The sputums were taken to culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test.VITEK-2 compact automicrobe system was used to identify bacteria.Disc diffusion test was used to determine the antimicrobial resistance.Results Of 222 clinical isolates,27.0％ were Gram positive bacteria,73.0％ were Gram negative bacteria.The Gram positive bacteria mainly was Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.The detection rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were 50.00％.The MRSA were more resistant than methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA),and they were all sensitive to vancomycin,linezolid or tigecycline.The Gram negative bacteria mainly was Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,Klebsiella spp and Acinetobacter baumannii.Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii had high resistant rates.The extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing strains in Escherichia coli were higher than in Klebsiella spp,which had multiple drug resistance.Conclusions The bacterial resistance situation is very severely in exacerbation of COPD patients in C and D classification in our emergency department.The first isolating rate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Surveillance of bacterial resistance is very important and effective control measures to reduce resistance is very necessary.

Effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma excitomotor on the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in rat retina with diabetes mellitus / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background As one of the most common microvascular complication of diabetes in eyes,diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most important cause of blindness.Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is involved in the occurrence and development of the disease through the activation of a series of inflammatory cytokines.Objective The present study was to investigate the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) excitomotor,rosiglitazone,on NF-κB expression and apoptosis of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the retina with diabetes mellitus. Methods Ninety SPF male Wistar rats were randomized into normal control group,diabetic control group and rosiglitazone group.Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin(STZ).Then 3 mg/kg rosiglitazone was intragastricly administered once per day in the rosiglitazonegroup,and the same volume of saline solution was used at the same way in the normal control group and diabetic control group from 3 days after modeling.The rats were sacrificed and the eye cups specimen was made at 4,8 and 12 weeks after usage of drugs.Retinal histopathological examination was performed by hematine-eosin staining,and expression of NF-κB p65 protein in retina and apoptotic index(AI) of RGCs were detected by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay,respectively in different time points mentioned above.The use of the animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State and Technology Commission.Results The blood glucose level was significantly elevated at various time points in the diabetic control group and rosiglitazone group compared with normal control group (P＜0.01 ),and that of the rosiglitazone group was significantly declined in comparison to the diabetic control group (q =0.81,0.82,1.23,P＞ 0.05 ).Normal retinal structure was seen in the normal control group,and edema retinal cell and disorder of retinal layers were exhibited in the diabetic control group.Retinal structure was almost normal in the rosiglitazone group.The NF-κB p65 was expressed weakly in the retina of normal control group,but the expression of NF-κB p65 was significantly elevated in the diabetic control group and rosiglitazone group compared with the normal control group(P＜0.01 ).However,the expression of NF-κB p65(A value)was significantly decreased in the rosiglitazone group compared with diabetic control group at 8 weeks and 12 weeks( q=17.77,15.30,P＜0.01 ).There were a few apoptotic cells in rat retina of the normal control group.Compared with the normal control group,the AI of the diabetic control group and rosiglitazone group was significantly reduced(P＜0.01 ).However,the AI of RGCs in the rosiglitazone group was significantly lower than that of diabetic control group in various time points (q =19.28,27.39,49.92,P＜0.01 ). Conclusions As one of the PPAR-γexcitomotors,rosiglitazone can inhibit apoptosis of RGCs through downregulating the expression of NF-κB in rat retina with diabetes mellitus,indicating a protective effect of rosiglitazone on retina in diabetic rat.

miR-124 suppresses multiple steps of breast cancer metastasis by targeting a cohort of pro-metastatic genes in vitro / 癌症

Metastasis is a multistep process involving modification of morphology to suit migration, reduction of tumor cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, increase of cell mobility, tumor cell resistance to anoikis, and other steps. MicroRNAs are well-suited to regulate tumor metastasis due to their capacity to repress numerous target genes in a coordinated manner, thereby enabling their intervention at multiple steps of the invasion-metastasis cascade. In this study, we identified a microRNA exemplifying these attributes, miR-124, whose expression was reduced in aggressive MDA-MB-231 and SK-3rd breast cancer cells. Down-regulation of miR-124 expression in highly aggressive breast cancer cells contributed in part to DNA hypermethylation around the promoters of the three genes encoding miR-124. Ectopic expression of miR-124 in MDA-MB-231 cells suppressed metastasis-related traits including formation of spindle-like morphology, migratory capacity, adhesion to fibronectin, and anoikis. These findings indicate that miR-124 suppresses multiple steps of metastasis by diverse mechanisms in breast cancer cells and suggest a potential application of miR-124 in breast cancer treatment.

Clinical study on naoxintong capsule for stroke recovery of Qi-deficiency and blood-stasis syndrome / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the efficacy and safety of Naoxintong capsule treatment of stroke recovery with Qi-deficiency and blood-stasis syndrome (cerebral infarction), and to compared the non-inferiority analysis with the positive drug Tongxinluo capsule.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Taking Tongxinluo capsules as control, randomized, double-blind, controlled, multi-center clinical experiments were studied. The evaluating indexes included the decrease of integral value of stroke patients, changes in traditional Chinese medicine, the improvement of the patient viability status (disability level), Chinese stroke scale (CSS), activities of daily living (DAL) scale and barthel index (BI ) points.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The total effect of the two groups, Chinese and other symptoms, showed no significant statistical significance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Naoxintong capsule stroke recovery, with Qi-deficiency and blood-stasis syndrome (cerebral infarction) has a therapeutic effect, and more secure.</p>

The study on the protection of proton pump inhibitors in diclofenac induced small intestinal injury / 中华消化杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the protective effects and possible mechanism of different type of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)induced small intestinal injury.MethodsSeventy two SD rats were randomly and equally divided into control group,model group,Omeprazole treated group,Esomeprazole treated group,Rabeprazole treated group and Lansoprazole treated group.Except control group,rats of other groups were gavaged with diclofenac 7.5 mg · kg-1 · d-1,once daily to make NSAIDs related small intestinal injury model.The treated groups were gavaged with Omeprazole 30 mg · kg1· d-1,Esomeprazole 30 mg· kg1 · d-l,Lansoprazole 45 mg · kg1 · d-1 and Rabeprazole 15 mg · kg-1 · d-1 once daily respectively.Continuous administration for five days and then executed,small intestinal tissues were taken and observed for gross and pathological changes.The expression level of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2(Nrf2) at protein and mRNA level were detected with western blot and real time PCR assay.The qualitative and location of Nrf2 in small intestinal tissue were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in small intestinal tissue were determined with xanthine oxidase method and TBA respectively.ResultsThe successful rate of modeling experiment was 100％.The survival ratio of control group rats,model group,Omeprazole treated group,Esomeprazole treated group,Rabeprazole treated group and Lansoprazole treated group was 12/12,3/12,2/12,1/12,1/12 and 2/12 respectively.The tissue injure scores of Esomeprazole treated group,Rabeprazole treated group and Lansoprazole treated group were significantly lower than that of model group (P＜0.05).The activity of SOD in small intestinal of Rabeprazole treated group was obviously higher than that of model group (P＜ 0.05),while the activity of MDA in Rabeprazole and Esomeprazole treated groups were significantly lower than that of model group (P＜0.05).The results of westen blot indicated that the expression of Nrf2in small intestinal tissue was obviously higher in Rabeprazole treated group than in model group (P＜0.05).The real time PCR results suggested that the expression of Nrf2 at mRNA level in small intestinal tissue of Rabeprazole treated group was obviously higher than those of model and control groups (P＜0.05).Conclusions The protection effects of various PPIs are different in NSAIDs related intestinal injury.There is no obvious protection effect of Omeprazole.Rabeprazole may prevent NSAIDs related intestinal injury by up-regulating expression of Nrf2 and promoting its activation.