Adjustment of X-ray angle intraoperation based on the anatomic shape of femoral neck section / 解剖学报

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the appropriate X-ray angle which image can represent total proximal of femur according to the anatomic shape of the femoral neck section. Methods The anatomic parameter of the femoral neck section was observed and measured. Found the femoral neck was contained with three main surfaces of anterior surface, posterosuperior surface and posteroinferior surface. A model of surface fluoroscopy has been made by covering aluminum foil papers on the three surfaces of femoral neck. Taking the midpoint of the femoral neck as the fluoroscopy center, the C-arm was rotated at an interval of 10° between 0° and 170°, and the three aluminum foil paper models were taken for X-ray projection respectively. The X-ray angle with the smallest image of aluminum foil paper was taken as the appropriate X-ray angle of the surface. A penetrating model of the femoral neck internal fixation was made of three Kirschner wires penetrating through the anterior, posterosuperior and posteroinferior surfaces of femoral neck. The images of the penetrating Kirschner wires were observed through the traditional anteroposterior, lateral view and the three appropriate X-ray angle views obtained from the above test. Results The length of the three main surfaces accounts for 80. 95% of the circumference of the femoral neck. The anterior surface coronal angle was 18°, the posterosuperior surface coronal angle was 65°, and the posteroinferior surface coronal angle was 165°. The Appropriate X-ray angle of the three surfaces were 20°, 70° and 170° respectively. In the images of the three appropriate X-ray angles, the penetrating Kirschner wires of anterior surface, posterosuperior surface and posteroinferior surface of the femoral neck could be clearly observed respectively, while the penetrating Kirschner wire could not be completely found in the traditional anteroposterior and lateral images. Conclusion Traditional anteroposterior and lateral fluoroscopy can not accurately display the three-dimensional structure of femoral neck. By increasing the appropriate X-ray angle of 20°, 70° and 170°, the reduction quality and bony violation from internal fixation implants on the anterior surface, posterosuperior surface and posteroinferior surface of the femoral neck could be observed respectively.

Forensic Identification of Diving Deaths / 法医学杂志

Investigation of the cause of death during diving is one of the contents of forensic pathology. In this article, relevant foreign literature is reviewed to summarize the techniques and methods used in the identification of diving deaths, such as accident reconstruction, diving monitoring data, postmortem CT examination and gas analysis (location and quantity) in the body of the corpse, in order to provide a reference for forensic identification of such cases.

Expression and clinical significance of B7-H3 and IL-21 in serum of patients with HBV associated hepatocellular carcinoma / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of B7-H3 and IL-21 in serum of patients with HBV-related primary liver cancer.Methods: Gathering 121 cases of HBV-related patients,50 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma of them were considered as hepatic carcinoma group,71 cases of benign group including 12 cases with acute hepatitis,21 cases of chronic moderate to severe hepatitis,20 cases of compensatory phase cirrhosis,18 cases of decompensated cirrhosis and 20 cases of healthy persons in the same period as normal control.The content of serum B7-H3 and IL-21 were detected by ELISA.HBV DNA quantitative results were analyzed by Quantitative Real-time PCR.Results: The levels of B7-H3 and IL-21 in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma were (207.60±57.16)ng/ml and(2 357.28±805.01)pg/ml,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the normal control subjects(P<0.001).Comparison with the normal control subjects,the content of B7-H3 and IL-21 in serum of patients with different clinical types in the benign group increased significantly(P<0.001).B7-H3 and IL-21 were positively associated with each other in serum of patients with HBV-related primary liver cancer.The expression of sB7-H3 was not significantly correlated with the degree of HBV DNA replication.The expression of IL-21 was correlated with HBV DNA replication in patients with HBV associated hepatocellular carcinoma,but was not significantly correlated with the degree of HBV DNA replication.Conclusion: HBV-related primary hepatic carcinoma express sB7-H3 and IL-21 with high level.The continuous high expression of sB7-H3 and IL-21 in the body may be related to the development and prognosis of the patients.

Influence of staring at mobile phone on static balance, plantar pressure gait characteristics and lower limb joints in young men / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Smartphones are a double-edged sword,which not only bring convenience,but also result in excessive reliance.Especially the youth often gaze at their phones when standing or walking,which may affect their static standing balance and plantar pressure gait characteristics.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of staring at mobile phones when standing or walking on the static balance,plantar pressure and gait characteristics in young men,thus informing its negative effect on gait characteristics and lower limb joints.METHODS:Twenty health young men were selected,the plantar pressure when normal standing and walking was measured using Loran plantar pressure analysis system (NO.MPS,Italy).After 20 minutes of rest,the same measurement was performed in all participants staring at mobile for 10 minutes during standing or walking.The relative indexes were compared between two conditions after data collection.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:When young men staring at mobile phone for 20 seconds during standing,the fluctuation speed,displacement and track area were significantly larger than those during normal standing (P ＜ 0.05);moreover,the contact area,pressure peak and average pressure of the first and second metatarsus in plantar area were significantly larger than those during normal standing (P ＜ 0.05),while the parameters of heel lateral area were significantly lower than those during normal standing (P ＜ 0.05).The stride and speed when staring at mobile phone during walking were significantly smaller than those during normal walking (P ＜ 0.05);the support time of two feet and angle between feet were significantly larger than those during normal walking;the contact area,pressure peak and average pressure of the 4th and 5th metatarsus in plantar area and heel lateral area were significantly larger than those during normal walking.These results suggest that the gravity is less stable and more anterior when young men staring at mobile phone during standing than during normal standing.Staring at mobile phone during walking can alter the gait characteristics,resulting in longer support time,shorter stride,slower step speed,larger walking angle and higher lateral plantar pressure.

Analysis of blood lead level of children living around lead-zinc mines / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the blood lead level of children living around lead-zinc mining areas, in order to analyze its distribution features of the population.@*Methods@#In August 2016, three natural villiages around lead-zinc mines were selected randomly as survey sites, which were grouped A, B and C according to each distances from the center field, totally 1 379 children from the three villages were selected by cluster random sampling method as the investigation subjects, and their elbow peripheral vein blood samples were collected to determine the blood lead level by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The distribution features of blood lead in different district, gender and age groups were compared and analyzed.@*Results@#The median and quartile range of blood lead were 0.066 and 0.058 mg/L respectively. The blood lead levels of 341 children were esceeding 100 μg/L and that account for 24.73%. The median blood lead showed statistical significant differrnce among three groups (P<0.01) , and the medians from high to low were: 0.075 mg/L (A) , 0.065 mg/L (B) and 0.059 mg/L (C) respectively. The average blood lead of male was higher than that of female (P<0.01) . There was significant difference in blood lead levels among different aged groups (P<0.01) , and the high blood lead rate dicreased with the increase of age (P<0.01) . Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was a high risk of excessive lead in the blood lead of boys aged 1-6 years from the center of the area.@*Conclusion@#The blood lead level of children living around lead-zinc mining areas is relatively high. There are difference in district distribution, gender and age.

Clinical application of xenogenic (porcine) acellular dermal atrix (ADM) in scar treatment / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of xenogenic (porcine) ADM as dermal substitute in scar treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After scar excision, the wounds were covered with composite grafts of DR procine ADM and autologous thin split-thickness grafts in one stage or in two stages.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>22 out of 47 cases were treated in two-staged procedure. After the ADMs were applied to the wound, the autologous thin split-thickness grafts were implanted 7 days later. 25 cases were treated in one-staged procedure. The survival rates of composite grafts were (88.3 +/- 3.7)% for subcutaneous recipient bed and (89.7 +/- 3.4)% for deep fascia recipient bed in group with two-staged procedure, compared with (92.5 +/- 4.1)% and (93.2 +/- 5.2)%, respectively, in group with one-staged procedure. Early after grafts taken, the grafts had a pink colour and smooth surface. The patients were followed up for 90 days at most. The survived composite grafts were durable, elastic, smooth and soft with good function and appearance like normal skin. They could even be pinched up. The scar along the edge of the grafts was slightly hypertrophic.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The survival rate of composite graft is higher in patients with one-staged procedure. The elasticity and textural of the taken grafts are better on subcutaneous recipient bed than on deep fascia recipient bed, though the function has no difference. Xenogenic (porcine) ADM can be an optimal dermal substitute for wound coverage after scar excision.</p>

Treatment of deep partial thickness burns by a single dressing of porcine acellular dermal matrix / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of one dressing of porcine acellular dermal matrix on deep partial thickness burns.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 1997 to January 2004, sixty-seven cases of deep partial thickness total burned surface area (TBSA) from 50% to 90% burn wound were treated by a single dressing of porcine acellular dermal matrix (the porcine acellular dermal matrix group). Ten cases of deep partial thickness burned patients with the same TBSA treated by exposure method served as the exposure method group. The healing time of the wound was observed. The patients were followed up for 3 months to 2 years, and the scar proliferation was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The deep partial-thickness wound would be healed without dressing change in the porcine acellular dermal matrix group, and the average healing time was (12.2 +/- 2.6) days. The average healing time of the exposure method group was (27.4 +/- 3.5) days. Follow up of the patients within 3 months to 2 years showed that scar proliferation in the porcine acellular dermal matrix group was much less than that in the exposure method group, even no scar proliferation was observed in some patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Without tangential excision, autografting and dressing change, a single dressing of porcine acellular dermal matrix on deep partial thickness burn wound could shorten the healing time and inhibit scar proliferation.</p>