Analysis of allergens in 5 473 patients with allergic diseases in Harbin, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the allergic status to common inhalant allergens and food allergens in clinical patients in Harbin in northeastern China and provide evidence to develop the prevention strategy of allergic disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data were collected from 5 473 patients with clinical suspected allergic diseases seeking medical care in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. Among these patients, 2 530 (46.2%) were males aged 0-86 years, the youngest was only 1 month old and 2 579 (47.1%) were young children and teenagers. The serum specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE) to 14 kinds of common allergens and serum total IgE were detected by using AllergyScreen test (Mediwiss Analytic GmbH, Moers, Germany).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 5 473 subjects the positive rate of sIgE was 33.1% (n=1 813). Cow milk (6.9%) and wheat (3.1%) were the most common food allergens, followed by house dust mite mix (12.5%) and mould mix (9.4%) and the age and gender specific differences in the positive rate were significant. For the children aged <7 years the positive rates to cow milk, beef-mutton, and egg white/egg yolk were high, but the positive rates to house dust mite mix, ragweed estragon, and mould mix were low (P<0.05). For the adults the positive rates to aeroallergens were high while the rates to food allergens were low.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results from this study showed that the food allergens in Harbin had geographic characteristics, which support the viewpoint that the environment factors play an important role in the incidence of allergic diseases. Also, the detection of sIgE and total IgE are essential to identify relevant allergens for the purpose of early diagnosis, management and prevention of allergic disease.</p>

Pre-diabetes mellitus influenced by hyperuricemia / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship and the influence between pre-diabetes mellitus (PDM) and hyperuricemia (HUA).Methods 157 PDM patients,aged 20 to 75 years old were selected from the Second Clinical Medical College of Harbin Medical University,from 2009 February to 2010 February and were divided into HUA group (76 cases) and NUA group (81 cases).All the patients had not been on thiazide drugs.T-test and Pearson correlation analysis were used to calculate the differences and correlation between uric acid and biochemical indicators.Results In the HUA group,BMI was (27.74 ± 2.88) kg/m2,waist to height ratio (WSR) was (0.55 ± 0.41),TC was (6.61 ± 0.73) mmol/L,TG was (3.94 ± 1.97) mmol/L,LDL-C was (3.60 ± 0.45) mmol/L and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was (3.09± 1.20).There were significant differences noticed in BMI,TG,TC,LDL-C,HOMA-IR at higher level in the HUA group than those in the NUA group.Pre-diabetes uric acid levels were positively correlated with TG,TC,LDL-C while HOMA-1R (TG:r=0.29,TC:r=0.33,LDL-C:r=0.49,HOMA-IR:r=0.51,P＜0.05)was negatively correlated (r=－0.30,P＜0.05) with the HbAlc.Conclusion The levels of PDM uric acid might both be related with TC,TG,LDL-C and HOMA-IR.The High level of uric acid status in vivo appeared closely related to HOMA-IR,which could further promote the progress of pre-diabetic patients to diabetes and causing dyslipidemia.Our findings suggested that the levels of pre-diabetes uric acid levels should be under concern.

A preliminary study on the effects of meteorological factors on intracerebral hemorrhage death using the BP neural network model / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective Using the Back Propagation (BP) Neural Network Model to discover the relationship between meteorological factors and mortality of intracerebral hemorrhage,to provide evidence for developing an intracerebral hemorrhage prevention and control program,in Harbin.Methods Based on the characteristics of BP neural network,a neural network Toolbox of MATLAB 7.0 software was used to build Meteorological data of 2007-2009 with intracerebral hemorrhage mortality to predict the effect of BP neural network model,and to compare with the traditional multivariate linear regression model. Results Datas from the multivariate linear regrcssion indicated that the cerebral hemorrhage death mortality had a negative correlation with maximum temperatureand minimum humidity while having a positive correlation with the average relative humidity and the hours of sunshine.The linear correlation coefficient of intracerebral hemorrhage mortality was 0.7854,with mean absolute percentage (MAPE) as 0.21,mean square error (MSE) as 0.22,mean absolute error(MAE) as 0.19.The accuracy of forecasting was 81.31％ with an average error rate as 0.19.The Fitting results of BP neural network model showed that non-linear correlation coefficient of intracerebral hemorrhage mortality was 0.7967,with MAPE as 0.19,MSE as 0.21,MAE as 0.18.The forecasting accuracy was 82.53％ with the average error rate as 0.17.Conclusion The BP neural network model showed a higher forecasting accuracy when compared to the multiple linear regression model on intraccrebral hemorrhage mortality,using the data of 2010' s.

Preliminary application of antibody-capture ELISA detection the antibody of Japanese encephalitis virus / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To set up an antibody-capture ELISA method to detect the Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)antibody.Methods ELISA plate was coated with the monoclonal antibody which was specific to the envelope protein epitope E39 of JEV,JEV SA14-14-2 strain as the source of antigen was used to absorb the monoclonal antibody,the absorbed virus used to capture the JEV'S antibody.The antibody that captured ELISA was established.The indirect ELISA method using the virus particles from cell culture was compared with coating ELISA plate,105 clinical serum were checked.Results The background in indirect ELISA assay could not be abscised,positive and negative serum diluted in a ratio of 1:10,1:100,1:1000,the relative value of A posative/A negative were 1.02,0.99,1.13,all<2.1.But the antibody-captured ELISA method when the serum dilution was 1:10,1:100,the A posative/A negative were 3.57,2.94,all>2.1;when the dilution was 1:1000,the A posative/A negative was 1.42,<2.1,it meant the method could distinguish the positive and negative serum efficiently when the dilution Was 1:100,the background problem in indirect ELISA assay could be solved.Antibody-capture method was used to check 105 serum samples,the A posative/A negative over a range of 0.257～0.321(0.262±0.050),all<2.1,no positive sample found.Conclusion The antibody-capture ELISA method has been preliminary set up with a high specificity,capable of quickly identifying JEV from other virus.

Relationship between maximum body mass index and type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults in Heilongjiang province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To determine the prevalence and distribution of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the relationship between maximum body mass index (MAXBMI) and T2DM. Methods From June to August, 2005, a stratified cluster sampling of 1071 permanent residents in communities, over 20 years old, from 4 districts and 1 county of Mudanjiang was chosen. The prevalence of T2DM, and the association between T2DM and different levels of the MAXBMI, current BMI were studied. Results The prevalence in the communities was 7.09% and in those with past maximum BMI≥28 kg/m~2, it was 12.10%. With the increase of past MAXBMI levels, the risk of T2DM patients also increased significantly(trend X~2=17.387 23, P<0.0001). Data from multifactor analysis showed that MAXBMI in the past was positively related to T2DM (OR=3.06, P=0.0013). In T2DM patients, the group with MAXBMI≥27.4 kg/m~2 had higher 2-hour postprandial blood glucose than those with lower MAXBMI (P=0.0408). When compared with low maximum BMI group in normal blood glucose population, the group with higher MAXBMI (≥ 25.4 kg/m~2) had higher blood glucose and greater change of BMI. Conclusion In both groups that patients with T2DM and with normal glucose, in order to control blood glucose better, researchers should not only concern about the influence of the MAXBMI in the past, but also pay attention to constantly keep BMI at the normal range.

The components of metabolic syndrome that influencing the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in a follow-up study / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate metabolic syndrome components that influencing the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five hundred persons were selected from a unit in Nanning city, Guangxi, based on the cross-sectional study on a distribution of population with metabolic syndrome in 2004 and followed them up for 3.5 more years. Physical examination would include detection on blood pressure, glucose, serum cholesterol and body index etc. When someone suffered from cardiovascular disease would be viewed as an 'end-point event'. Criteria of diagnosis were under the basis of CVD from the WHO-MONICA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The mean value of physical and biochemical index as BMI, waist circumstance, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure. Fast serum glucose, triglyceride in the population with more MS components were higher than the ones with less components. (2) The prevalence rates of CVD in the four groups were 2.97%, 4.19%, 7.97%, 11.88% respectively with significant differences between the groups (P = 0.0008). (3) Data from the logistic analysis manifested that when compared to the 0 group, the risk rate of CVD for groups having 1, 2, 3 components were 1.41, 2.68, 4.00 respectively. After adjusted age and sex, time of occurrences, results from the Cox model showed that the risk rate of CVD for groups with 1, 2, 3 components were 1.29, 2.47, 3.67 (RR 95%CI: 1.02 - 13.14) respectively. (4) Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the cum hazard of CVD in the 3rd group was higher than in the 0, 1 group, and at the end of follow-up, the cum hazard of CVD was 12.7% in the 3rd group among population with metabolic syndrome.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>When increasing the number of components of metabolic syndrome, the higher risk ratio for population to suffer from CVD was seen. With the natural process of disease, the more components of metabolic syndrome in population, the higher cum hazard would influence the occurrence of CVD in the future.</p>

Study on the distribution and risk factors of hypertension among children: a cohort study / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association between hypertension and the tendency of change among children,so as to lay a foundation for the prevention and control of hypertension.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on findings from the prevalence survey that carried out in September 1999 in Daqing of Heilongjiang province. New admission children were selected as subjects to conduct a five-year cohort study. All the subjects were interviewed with questionnaires and their blood specimens were collected for biochemical analysis. All data were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 software. Results The prevalence of hypertension among 447 children was found 2.01% at the baseline study but increased to 5.37% in the fifth year. During a five year period, the systolic pressure level among children increased from (100.65 +/- 11.62)mmHg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) to (106.67 +/- 9.29) mm Hg,while the diastolic pressure level was from (66.27 +/- 11.31) mm Hg to (70.28 +/- 7.98) mm Hg and showed significant difference between boys and girls. There were association between hypertension and family history, body mass index (BMI), triglyceride, insulin, insulin resistance index while insulin sensitivity index and family history, BMI and insulin sensitivity index appeared to be the important factors. Children under this study were divided to 'with family history or without' and then every group was divided to 'with over weight-obesity or normal'. Obesity and insulin sensitivity seemed the key risk factors on hypertension. Descent of insulin sensitivity was an independent risk factor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The level of blood tension among children in Daqing city was higher than that from the national data. The present study confirmed that over-weight,obesity, heredity and insulin resistance were the risk factors of hypertension while insulin resistance was related to hypertension. The interaction of these risk factors was independent or correlated to each other.</p>

Construction of recombinant lentivirus vaccine with single round replication / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a safe and effective lentivirus vaccine model and provide insights into the development of other lentivirus vaccines.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this study, a construct of pGPT was made by deleting env gene in the infectious Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) molecular clone of WU57. Since the overlaping of EIAV Rev gene with env gene, there was no Rev gene in the construct of pGPT. For compensation of Rev function, the construct of pGPTC was made by inserting 4 copies of constitutive RNA transport elements (CTEs) from Mason-Pfizer monkey virus into the construct of pGPT. In addition, a construct designated pTEB expressing EIAV Env protein was made while env gene-minus viruses were made by co-transfection of pGPT/pTEB or pGPTC/pTEB into 293 cells. Western blot was used to identify the development of recombinant virus particles. Then immunofluorescence assay was used to evaluate the infectivity of recombinant virus particles in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EIAV proteins expression was detected in the supernatant of transfected 293 cells by Western blot within pGPTC/pTEB transfected cells. However, no evidence of EIAV proteins expression was observed within pGPT/pTEB transfected cells. EIAV proteins expression was detected in the first round but not in the second round infected EK cells with EIAV(GPTC) by immunofluorescence assay.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rev/RRE was necessary for expression of viral structural proteins; CTEs from Mason-Pfizer monkey virus was functionally interchangeable with EIAV Rev/RRE to help RNAs transportation out of nucleus to express structural proteins and EIAV particles were produced in the transfected 293 cells. A live EIAV recombinant virus with single round infection had been developed.</p>

Awareness on SARS and public health emergencies among general publics / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the awareness on sever acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and public health emergencies among general publics.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cluster sampling method was implemented in Harbin and Jiagedaqi district of Daxinanling of Heilongjiang province. Research subjects were divided into three groups as city, township and rural areas and were given questionnaires to fill in. Data was analyzed with Epi-data and SPSS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>2003 available questionnaires were collected. The general publics well understood the knowledge on public health emergencies and the SARS with the whole recognition rate more than 60 percent. During the epidemics, people in city, town and countryside were calm (71.7%). The rates of attitude towards the government were significantly different among the subjects living with the city, town or rural areas. The city group expressed the highest favor to the government and media, 71.8% of them gave the credit on the control of SARS to the effective method taken by the government and 65.0% of them showed that they had enough confidence on the governmental ability of dealing with crises while the countryside group trusted the hospitals and relative specialists the most.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is essential for the government to interact and communicate with the publics through media, medical and related institutions when confronting with the public health emergencies. Publicity on health knowledge and coping system on emergency should play key roles in the development of an effective public health system while the government should lead the battle.</p>

A case-control study on risk factors of hypospadias / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Hypospadias is one of the most commonly seen urogenital congenital malformations in males and to identify its etiological factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A hospital-based case-control study was conducted, with 107 hypospadias cases. Two matched controls per case were randomly selected. Both cases and controls were face to face interviewed with a uniformed questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression model was used for univariable and multivariate analysis on SAS 6.12 to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95 per cent confidence internals (95% CI).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Data from multiple conditional logistic regression analysis showed that hypospadias was positively associated with maternal history of spontaneous abortion (OR = 3.87, 95% CI: 1.60 - 9.39), with threatened abortion in the first or second trimester (OR = 3.57, 95% CI: 1.31 - 9.64), with common cold accompanied fever in the first trimester (OR = 7.63, 95% CI: 2.50 - 23.24), with maternal drug (antibiotic, analgesiscs) exposure during the second trimester (OR = 16.46, 95% CI: 3.46 - 78.21), with paternal exposure to pesticides occupationally (OR = 3.70,95% CI: 1.49 - 9.16), with neonatal low birth weight (OR = 12.62, 95% CI: 2.97 - 53.67), but was negatively associated with maternal diet supplemented with protein in the first trimester (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.15 - 0.74).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The risk factors of hypospadias seemed to include maternal history of spontaneous abortion, threatened abortion in the first or second trimester, maternal common cold accompanied fever in the first trimester, maternal drug exposure during the second trimester, paternal occupational exposure to pesticides, neonatal low birth weight. However, maternal diet supplemented with protein probably acted as the protective factor for neonatal hypospadias in the first trimester.</p>

Expression of fetal epsilon and gamma globin gene in maternal peripheral blood / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Traditional prenatal diagnosis for congenital diseases were villus sampling and amniocentesis. These invasive diagnosis methods are not only technical complicated, but also harmful to mother or fetus. Fetus in its different gestational age has its different type of hemoglobin or different amount of hemoglobin, especially epsilon hemoglobin exiting in the body of 10 weeks gestation fetal, however gamma hemoglobin has its high amount before baby to be born. But epsilon and gamma hemoglobin did not exist in the bodies of adults bodies. It is possible to use advanced molecular biological technique to extract the fetal hemoglobin gene from maternal peripheral blood. In articles from domestic and abroad, no report related to fetal hemoglobin extraction from maternal peripheral blood was found. We tried to use non-invasive method to detect fetal hemoglobin epsilon/gamma gene from maternal peripheral blood by molecular biological technique. The purpose was to establish a convenient, sensitive and special method to be a basis of screening prenatal diseases in the population and lay a basis for family planning and clinical application.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Blood samples were collected and the fetal mRNA extracted from the pregnant women with the use of random primer. We used ultraviolet spectrophotometer to test the concentration and purity of extracted mRNA are suitable for reverse transcription. Reverse transcription of mRNA into cDNA was carried out and cDNA by PCR with the special epsilon/gamma primer being used. Via 1.2% EB in agarose gel electrophoresis, we used "Gel Works System" to scan the electrophoresis image to detect epsilon/gamma gene band.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The peripheral blood of pregnant women was collected. With RT-PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis method, we detected epsilon/gamma gene successfully in 7 samples with 6 positive and 1 negative.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This was the first time that we used non-invasive way to detect expression of fetal epsilon/gamma gene in maternal blood to have found that this was a simple method to separate fetal cells from maternal blood, and could easily be accepted by pregnant women. Success of RT-PCR to detect fetal specific mRNA gave the hint that this method could be used in the field of prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobin disease, predicting fetal gender, predicting Rh blood type and single gene disease and be used widespread in prenatal diagnosis.</p>