Analysis on the old and new Administrative Measures for the Diagnosis and Verification of Occupational Diseases / 中国职业医学

As occupational health work enters a new era, the diagnosis and identification of occupational diseases, that are closely related to the protection of workers′ health rights, require higher and newer standards. In 2021, the National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China revised and issued the Administrative Measures for the Diagnosis and Verification of Occupational Diseases to improve and perfect the original diagnosis and verification system of occupational diseases. These measures clarify the time limit for diagnosis of occupational diseases and shorten the time limit for identification of occupational diseases; and strengthen the main responsibility of the employer. This new system design is more operable. It embodies the management idea of Streamline administration, delegate power, combine decentralization, and optimize services. The language expression is more accurate and standardized. The revision of the Administrative Measures for Diagnosis and Verification of Occupational Disease is conducive to improving the efficiency of occupational disease diagnosis and protecting the rights and interests of workers. It is conducive to strengthening the supervision and management of occupational disease diagnosis institutions and occupational disease verification offices by administrative supervision and management departments. It is conducive to strengthening the responsibilities of employers. However, there are some problems: Article No. 28 sets up obstacles to the realization of legal value, which does not clearly stipulate the concept of new evidence. The effective time of this regulation has caused difficulties for occupational disease diagnosis institutions and occupational disease verification offices. It is recommended that this regulation can be further improved in the future revisions.

Effect of Xiao Jianzhongtang on AMPK/PGC1-α Signal Pathway in Skeletal Muscle of Exercise Fatigue Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Xiao Jianzhongtang on Adenylate-activated protein kinase/peroxidase proliferation-activated receptor coactivator 1-α （AMPK/PGC1-α） signaling pathway in skeletal muscle of exercise fatigue mice.Method:Forty Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal group， model group， Buzhong Yiqitang group and Xiao Jianzhongtang group， with 10 mice in each group. The model group， Buzhong Yiqitang group and Xiao Jianzhongtang group were trained on the treadmill to establish a fatigue model， and the normal group did not apply any intervention. At the same time as the treadmill training， the model group was given the same amount of normal saline. Xiao Jianzhongtang was administered with 5 g·kg-1 of medicine， and Buzhong Yiqitang was administered with 2.8 g·kg-1 of medicine for 6 days. After the experiment， the weight of each group of mice and the time of running out of exhaustion were measured，the colorimetric method was used to detect the serum urea （UREA）， lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， muscle glycogen （MG）， and skeletal muscle of each group of mice Na+-K+-ATPase， Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase content， pathological changes of skeletal muscle of each group were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of AMPK and PGC1-α in skeletal muscle of each group .Result:Compared with normal group， the body weight of model group significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and the contents of Na+-K+-ATPase， Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase， LDH， and MG significantly decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The content of UREA increased significantly （P<0.01）， and the expression of AMPK and PGC1-α protein increased significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， the mice in the Xiao Jianzhongtang group had significantly increased body weight （P<0.05）， significantly increased the time spent on treadmill exhaustion（P<0.01）， Na+-K+-ATPase， Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase， LDH， and MG. The content increased significantly（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the content of UREA decreased significantly （P<0.01）， and the expression of AMPK and PGC1-α protein increased significantly （P<0.01）.Conclusion:Xiao Jianzhongtang has an anti-exercise fatigue effect， which may be related to enhancing skeletal muscle AMPK/PGC1-α pathway，enhancing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation，reducing accumulation of metabolites，slowing down glycogen consumption and decomposition，and enhancing skeletal muscle energy synthesis.

Protective Effect of Wutou Chishizhi Wan on Vascular Endothelial Cells and Oxidative Stress in Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of Wutou Chishizhi Wan on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury （MIRI） in rats， and observe its effect on such mechanisms as coagulation function， vascular endothelial cells and oxidative stress in rats. Method:A total of 40 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， positive drug group （Urokinase group） and Wutou Chishizhi Wan group， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal group， rat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury models were established. The changes of heart rate （HR） at 10 min before ischemia， 30 min after ischemia and 30， 60， 120 min （T0，T1，T2，T3，T4）， and the change of electrocardiogram （ECG） J point after modeling in rats were observed. The pathological changes of rat myocardial tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The changes of four indexes of coagulation ［prothrombin time （PT）， activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT）， thrombin time （TT）， fibrinogen content decreased significantly （FIB）］ in rats were observed. The contents of endothelin-1 （ET-1）， thromboxane A2 （TXA2） and prostacyclin （PGI2） in serum and myocardium levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） of MIRI rats were observed. Western blot assay was used for the detection of oxidative stress protein Keap1 and transcription factor-E2-related factor （Nrf2） expression levels in rat myocardial tissue. Result:Compared with the normal group， the ECG of MIRI rats showed significant myocardial ischemic injury-like changes， ST segment was significantly elevated， J point was significantly increased， and the incidences of HR in T1， T2， T3 and T4 were significantly reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Wutou Chishizhi Wan significantly reduced ECG J-point changes in MIRI rats， while increased the incidence of HR in T1， T2， T3 and T4 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， PT， APTT and TT in the model group were significantly shortened （P<0.01）， FIB content was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the serum PGI2 level decreased and TXA2 and ET-1 levels increased significantly in the model group （P<0.01）. SOD content and GSH-Px activities of myocardial tissue in the model group were significantly reduced （P<0.01）， whereas the MDA content was increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， PT of the Wutou Chishizhi Wan group was prolonged （P<0.05） and APTT slightly prolonged， TT significantly prolonged （P<0.01）， FIB content decreased （P<0.05）， serum PGI2 increased （P<0.05）， TXA2 and ET-1 decreased significantly in the Wutou Chishizhi Wan group （P<0.01）， myocardial MDA content decreased， and SOD content and GSP-Px activity increased significantly （P<0.01）. Meanwhile， the Wutou Chishizhi Wan group was able to activate the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway， which significantly increased Nrf2 expression and significantly decreased Keap1 expression （P<0.01）. Conclusion:Wutou Chishizhi Wan group can protect myocardial injury in MIRI rats. The specific mechanism is to protect MIRI by regulating vascular endothelial cell homeostasis and oxidative stress levels and activating Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

The Ability of Baseline Triglycerides and Total Cholesterol Concentrations to Predict Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Men and Women: A Longitudinal Study in Qingdao, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#The purpose of this study was to assess the association between triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) at baseline, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence in a general Chinese population. Further, it aimed to evaluate the ability of TG and TC to predict T2DM incidence.@*METHODS@#Qingdao Diabetes Prevention Program participants recruited between 2006 and 2009 were followed up in 2012-2015. TG, TC, and T2DM status were measured. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between TG, TC, and T2DM incidence. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the ability of TG and TC to identify T2DM participants.@*RESULTS@#The incidence of T2DM significantly increased with TG in women and TC in both men and women (Ptrend 1.15 and > 1.23 mmol/L in men and women, respectively. For TC, they were > 5.17 and > 5.77 mmol/L in men and women, respectively. The area under the ROCs of TG and TC were 0.54 (0.51-0.57) and 0.55 (0.52-0.58), respectively, in men, and 0.60 (0.58-0.62) and 0.59 (0.56-0.61), respectively, in women.@*CONCLUSION@#Elevated TG and TC were risk factors for T2DM incidence. However, no predictive capacity was found for both factors to identify T2DM incidence in Chinese men and women. Hence, TG and TC levels in both Chinese men and women might be used for decreasing the incidence of T2DM but no clinical predictive capacity for T2DM.

Association of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pregnancy with autism spectrum disorder-related behaviors in toddlers: a birth cohort study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the association of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) during pregnancy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-related behaviors in toddlers.@*METHODS@#A total of 348 toddlers who had accepted the measurement of PAH-DNA adduct in umbilical cord blood and evaluation of behavior problems at the age of 36 months were enrolled in this birth cohort study. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) were used to evaluate behavior problems at the age of 36 months. The correlation of the concentration of PAH-DNA adduct in umbilical cord blood with CBCL and ABC scores at the age of 36 months were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The detection rate of PAH-DNA adduct in umbilical cord blood was 52.3%, and the median concentration was 0.68 ng/mL. The median total scores of CBCL and ABC scales were 23 and 8 respectively. In children aged 36 months, the concentration of PAH-DNA adduct was positively correlated with the score of social withdrawal in the CBCL scale (r=0.205, P<0.05), the total score of the ABC scale (r=0.412, P<0.05), and the self-care score of the ABC scale (r=0.355, P<0.05). The concentration of PAH-DNA adduct was closely associated with the total score of the ABC scale in children aged 36 months (β=0.122, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#PAH exposure during pregnancy may be a risk factor for ASD-related behaviors in toddlers. Effective reduction of PAH exposure during pregnancy and detection of PAH-DNA adduct in neonatal umbilical cord blood are of vital importance for early prevention, screening and intervention of ASD.

The relationship between vimentin protein expression in endothelial cells and contrast-enhanced ultrasound characters in VETC (+ ) hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To detect the possible molecular mechanisms of the formation of vessels that encapsulated tumor clusters (VETC) and identify the relationship between vimentin protein expression in endothelial cells and contrast-enhanced ultrasound characters in VETC (+ ) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).@*Methods@#A total of 64 paraffin embedded HCC tissue samples were collected, all of which the tumor diameters were between 2 cm and 5 cm measured by the preoperative ultrasound. Immunohistochemistry staining for CD34 was used to detect the formation of VETC and the expressions of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and vimentin were also determined. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with 150 ng/ml recombinant human Ang-2 protein (rhAng-2) at various times and the protein expression of vimentin was detected by western blot assay. The contrast-enhanced ultrasound characters were also analyzed in both VETC (+ ) and VETC (-) HCC.@*Results@#Tumor clusters encapsulated by vessels to form cobweb-like networks, which were identified as VETC phenotype, were observed in 27 HCC tissues (42.18%). In VETC (+ ) HCC tissues, Ang-2 was overexpressed in tumor cells and endothelial cells while vimentin was only upregulated in endothelial cells. With the treatment of 150 ng/ml rhAng-2 protein, the expression of vimentin in HUVECs was 0.878±0.102 and 0.918±0.092 at 12 h and 36 h, significantly upregulated when compared to the 0.322±0.061 at 6 h (P<0.01). In contrast-enhanced ultrasound, a crack and tendon-like filling character was observed in VETC (+ ) HCC during the arterial-phase, while the large scale and diffuse-like filling character was observed in VETC (-) HCC. The filling time of unit diameter in VETC (+ ) HCC was (3.95±0.22)s, significantly longer than (2.28±0.27)s of VETC (-) HCC (P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#The overexpressions of Ang-2 and vimentin are positively correlated with the formation of VETC and considered as potential therapeutic targets of VETC (+ ) HCC. The crack and tendon-like filling characters in arterial-phase of contrast-enhanced ultrasound indicates the VETC (+ ) HCC.

Adaption and Optimization of Universal Hairpin Transduction in Gene Diagnostics Based on Nucleic Acid Circuits / 分析化学

Isothermal nucleic acid amplifications, as powerful as polymerase chain reaction but functioning at a constant temperature, are considered to be very promising technique in achieving point-of-care gene diagnostics. However, until now, their practical applications are still seriously lagged by the bad reliability resulting from the problems such as false positive amplification and low signal amplitude. In this work, a universal transduction method in which any sequence ( including loop-mediated isothermal amplification products) could be transduced via a hairpin transducer into a catalyst of a well-engineered circuit (catalytic hairpin assembly, CHA) was established. Because CHA circuit could amplify tens to hundreds fold with especially high sequence specificity, it could provide both accuracy and high amplitude for sequence detection. And for a new targeting sequence, the only sequence needed to be changed was the hairpin transducer. Due to the importance of the transducer, we provided and verified a universal designing rule-set to guarantee the transducing efficiency ( signal to background ratio) of the transducer. Transducers designed following this rule set were then proved to be very efficient in detecting pathogen gene targets. As less as near single molecule ( 20 copies ) of pathogen genes could be detected with significant fluorescent and electrochemical signals.

Study on immunoglobulin A Deficiency(IgAD) in Chinese Shanghai Blood Donors / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>UNLABELLED</b>Objective：To calculate the prevalence of IgAD in a replicate cohort of the Chinese Han population in Shanghai area by screening blood donors and to study the genetic difference of IgAD individuals in the Mongoloid population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The prevalence of IgAD in a large number of Chinese blood donors (n=61624) in Shanghai area was investigated. The immunoglobulin class, IgG subclass and anti-IgA serum levels were measured among the IgAD donors. These donors were subsequently tissue typed and the allele frequency was compared with the Shanghai bone marrow donor HLA registry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirty-one IgAD blood donors were identified, giving a prevalence of 1:2000(31/61624). Most IgAD donors had serum IgG levels above the normal range with no major IgG subclass deficiency and 3 donors was positive for anti-IgA. Two-thirds of the IgAD donors carried Caucasian IgAD associated risk haplotypes, including DRB1*0301-DQB1*0201, DRB1*0701-DQB1*020 and DRB1*0102-DQB1*0501, giving a significantly higher frequency of these haplotypes as compared to the Shanghai bone marrow donor HLA registry.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence of IgAD in Chinese Han population is markedly lower than that in Caucasians. The low prevalence of IgAD can potentially be due to the low frequency of the disease associated risk haplotypes in China. However, potential risks exist in performing blood transfusion to IgAD persons, and measures should be taken to reduce IgA anaphylaxis. Meanwhile, it is necessary to set up a Shanghai rare blood bank of IgAD donor for patients to meet the needs of IgA-poor transfusion.</p>

A comparison study on stigma of schizophrenia in remission between outpatients and inpatients / 预防医学

Objective To analyze the influence of different therapeutic environments on stigma of schizophrenia patients. Methods A total of 70 outpatients and 70 inpatients with schizophrenia in remission in Tongde hospital of Zhejiang province were enrolled and investigated by using Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS),Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS),Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS)and Clinician's Global Impressions-Severity of Illness Scale (CGI-SI).Results Both outpatients and inpatients had been discriminated and had the situation of stigma and disease concealing.After inpatient treatment,the scores of disease concealing factor and positive effect factor were 2.01 ±0.88 and 1.68 ±0.78 respectively,which were significantly lower than those of outpatients (2.43 ±0.98 and 2.44 ±0.78, respectively,P<0.05 ).Conclusion Outpatient treatment has the influence on reduce stigma and improve the life quality of schizophrenia patients in remission.

Pulmonary cryptococcosis in non-AIDS patients

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features, management, and prognosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis in non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. METHOD: 24 cases of pulmonary cryptococcosis with accurate pathological diagnosis were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: 15 male patients and nine female patients were diagnosed at the first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from November 1999 to November 2011. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 44.2 ± 11.3 years (range: 24 to 65 years). Among these patients, 13 had other comorbidities. 15 were symptomatic and the other nine were asymptomatic. The most common presenting symptoms were cough, chest tightness, expectoration, and fever. None had concurrent cryptococcal meningitis. The most frequent radiologic abnormalities on chest computed tomography (CT) scans were solitary or multiple pulmonary nodules, and masses or consolidations, and most lesions were located in the lower lobes. All patients had biopsies for the accurate diagnosis. Among the 24 patients, nine patients underwent surgical resections (eight had pneumonectomy via thoracotomy and one had a pneumonectomy via thoracoscopy). Five of the patients who underwent surgery also received antifungal drug therapy (fluconazole) for one to three months after the surgery. The other 15 only received antifungal drug therapy (fluconazole or voriconazole) for three to six months (five patients are still on therapy). The follow-up observation of 19 patients who had already finished their treatments lasted from two to 11 years, and there was no relapse, dissemination, or death in any of these patients. CONCLUSION: Non-AIDS patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis have a good prognosis with appropriate management.

Double balloon endoscopy in diagnosis of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the diagnostic value of double balloon endoscopy (DBE) for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) METHODS: The data of 103 OGIB patients who underwent DBE from January 2007 to September 2010 in the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DBE was successfully performed in all 103 patients without complications. Of 103 patients, 66(64.1 %) had positive DBE findings and 28 had surgery procedures(27.2 %). Ninety-four patients finally acquired positive diagnosis, including small intestine tumor(31.1 %), angiodysplasia(22.3 %), exulceratio simplex(9.7 %), Crohn's disease(6.8 %), diverticulum(4.9 %), abdominal purpure(4.9 %), etc. Lesions occurred more frequently in proximal small intestine than in distal small intestine (56.3 % Compared with 30.1 %, P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DBE is a safe, effective and reliable procedure for the diagnosis of OGIB.</p>

Promoting effect of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection on human laryngeal carcinoma HEp-2 cell adhesion and migration / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of Chlamydia pneumoniae (C.pn) infection on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line HEp-2 cell adhesion and migration, to further clarify the role and mechanism of C.pn infection in tumor metastasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HEp-2 cells were infected with C.pn after the culture and propagation of C.pn. The cytopathic effect was observed by microscopy. Morphological characteristics of C.pn inclusions in HEp-2 cells were examined by fluorescence microscopy and acridine orange staining. The ultrastructural changes of C.pn inclusions in the HEp-2 cells were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cell adhesion assay was performed to investigate the effect of C.pn infection on the adhesion of HEp-2 cells to collagen I. Wound-healing assay and transwell assay were performed to explore the effect of C.pn infection on HEp-2 cell migration.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 72 h post-infection, C.pn infected-HEp-2 cells were swollen and partially desquamated. Numerous vacuoles (inclusions) were observed and C.pn inclusions occupied almost the whole cytoplasm of the HEp-2 cells. Grape-like C.pn inclusions were observed in the HEp-2 cells stained with acridine orange under a fluorescence microscope at 72 h after infection. Under TEM, there were more mature pear-shaped elementary bodies, but less larger and round reticulate bodies in the HEp-2 cells infected with C.pn for 72 h. In the cell adhesion assay, the A value in C.pn infection group was 0.669 ± 0.011, significantly higher than that in the control group (0.558 ± 0.005) at 2 h after infection (P < 0.001). The cell adhesion ratio in the C.pn infection group was 119.89%. The migration distance of C.pn infected-HEp-2 cells in the wound-healing assay was significantly longer than that of control cells at 24 h after infection (P < 0.05). HEp-2 cells infected with C.pn for 12 h migrated more than the control cells in the transwell assay (23.40 ± 2.41 vs 10.40 ± 1.67) (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>C.pn infection can significantly promote HEp-2 cell adhesion to collagen I and migration of HEp-2 cells, indicating that C.pn infection may play an important role in promoting the metastasis of laryngeal cancer.</p>

Effect of small bowel preparation with simethicone on capsule endoscopy / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Capsule endoscopy is a novel non-invasive method for visualization of the entire small bowel. The diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy depends on the quality of visualization of the small bowel mucosa and its complete passage through the small bowel. To date, there is no standardized protocol for bowel preparation before capsule endoscopy. The addition of simethicone in the bowel preparation for the purpose of reducing air bubbles in the intestinal lumen had only been studied by a few investigators.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-four participants were randomly divided into two groups to receive a bowel preparation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution (Group 1) and both PEG solution and simethicone (Group 2). The PEG solution and simethicone were taken the night before and 20 min prior to capsule endoscopy, respectively. Frames taken in the small intestine were examined and scored for luminal bubbles by two professional capsule endoscopists. Gastric emptying time and small bowel transit time were also recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Simethicone significantly reduced luminal bubbles both in the proximal and distal small intestines. The mean time proportions with slight bubbles in the proximal and distal intestines in Group 2 were 97.1% and 99.0%, respectively, compared with 67.2% (P<0.001) and 68.8% (P<0.001) in Group 1. Simethicone had no effect on mean gastric emptying time, 32.08 min in Group 2 compared with 30.88 min in Group 1 (P=0.868), but it did increase mean small intestinal transit time from 227.28 to 281.84 min (P=0.003).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bowel preparation with both PEG and simethicone significantly reduced bubbles in the intestinal lumen and improved the visualization of the small bowel by capsule endoscopy without any side effects observed.</p>

Is adult celiac disease really uncommon in Chinese? / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Celiac disease (CD) is a type of intestinal malabsorption syndrome, in which the patients are intolerant to the gliadin in dietary gluten, resulting in chronic diarrhea and secondary malnutrition. The disease is common in Europe and the United States, but only sporadic reports are found in East Asia including China. Is CD really rare in China? We examined 62 patients by capsule endoscopy for chronic diarrhea from June 2003 to March 2008. Four patients with chronic diarrhea and weight loss were diagnosed to have CD. Under the capsule endoscopy, we observed that the villi of the proximal small bowel became short, and that the mucous membrane became atrophied in these four patients. Duodenal biopsies were performed during gastroscopy and the pathological changes of mucosa were confirmed to be Marsh 3 stage of CD. A gluten free diet significantly improved the conditions of the four patients. We suspect that in China, especially in the northern area where wheat is the main food, CD might not be uncommon, and its under-diagnosis could be caused by its clinical manifestations that could be easily covered by the symptoms from other clinical situations, particularly when it came to subclinical patients without obvious symptom or to patients with extraintestinal symptoms as the initial manifestations.

Clinical value of wireless capsule endoscopy in diagnosis of small bowel disease in children / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The pathological change of small bowel is difficult to examine because it is anatomically unique. The development of wireless capsule endoscopy provides an unique opportunity to visualize the entire small bowel in a minimally invasive manner. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and clinical value of wireless capsule endoscopy in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>During the last 4 years (June, 2004-June, 2008), 46 times of wireless capsule endoscopy were performed in 43 patients with suspected small bowel disease, including obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 11), recurrent abdominal pain (n = 20), chronic diarrhea (n = 9), protein losing enteropathy (n = 2), recurrent vomiting (n = 1). Of the 43 cases, 28 were male and 15 were female, the age ranged from 6 to 18 years, 8 of these cases were < 10 years old. The weight of the patients ranged between 15 kg and 60 kg. The average time of capsule passing through the stomach and the small intestine, the tolerance to and complication of wireless capsule endoscopy in patients, the image quality of capsule endoscopy, and the cleanliness of small intestine after fasting for 8 hours were observed and recorded.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>All the patients could easily swallow the capsule and had good tolerance. The overall success rate was 94% (43/46). The median time of capsule passing through the stomach and small intestine was 73 min (range, 3 - 600 min) and 246 min (range, 73 - 413 min), respectively. The diagnostic yield of pathological change in small intestine was 90% (37/41), and the diagnostic accordance rate was 84% (31/37). Based on the wireless capsule endoscopy, diagnostic findings included Crohn's diseases (15), lymph follicular hyperplasia (4), nonspecific enteritis (4), vascular malformations (3), small bowel tumour (2), primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (2), gastrointestinal motility disorders (2), Meckel's diverticulum (1), angioma (1), small intestinal worm disease (1), duodenal ulcer (1), and polyposis syndromes (1). The capsule of 1 patient remained in the stomach. The cleanliness of small intestine after 8 hours fasting was good. And the capsule endoscopy can show high quality small intestine image.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Wireless capsule endoscopy is a noninvasive, safe and useful tool for the investigation of the small intestine in children, especially for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and Crohn's disease.</p>

The value of endoscopic ultrasonography on diagnosis and treatment of esophageal hamartoma / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the values of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) on diagnosis and treatment of esophageal hamartoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We compared and analyzed various kinds of imaging examinations such as barium esophagram, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and conventional gastroscopy in retrospectively reviewing the clinical data of an esophageal hamartoma patient seen in our clinic in the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Having received various imaging examinations, this patient was finally diagnosed with esophageal hamartoma and underwent gastroscopic resection of hamartoma with the diagnostic information obtained from EUS. The patient had been regularly followed up for 13 months after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Barium esophagram, CT and conventional gastroscopy detected the lesion, but were unable to distinguish it from common esophagopolypus and other submucosal lesions, and unable to determine etiopathogenisis. EUS detected the hamartoma and identified its internal structure, echo, exact size, depth of invasion, origin and the relationship between adjacent tissues and organs, differentiating the lesion from other submucosal tumors and clearly defining the diagnosis. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) also helped to identify the etiological diagnosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EUS was superior to other imaging means in diagnosis and treatment of hamartoma.</p>

OMOM capsule endoscopy in diagnosis of small bowel disease / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the diagnostic efficiency of OMOM capsule endoscopy (CE) in a group of patients with different indications.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data from 89 consecutive patients (49 males, 40 females) with suspected small bowel disease who underwent OMOM CE (Jinshan Science and Technology Company, Chongqing, China) examination were obtained by retrospective review. The patients' indications of the disease consisted of the following: obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB), abdominal pain or diarrhea, partial intestinal obstruction, suspected inflammatory bowel disease, tumor of unknown origin, hypoproteinemia, constipation, weight loss, and elevated tumor markers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CE failed in one patient. Visualization of the entire small bowel was achieved in 75.0%. Capsules were naturally excreted by all patients. The detection rate of abnormalities was 70.5% for patients with suspected small bowel disease, and the diagnostic yield for patients with OGIB was higher than that for patients with abdominal pain or diarrhea (85.7% vs 53.3%, P<0.005). Angiodysplasia was the most common small bowel finding. Active bleeding sites were noted in the small intestine in 11 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>OMOM CE is a useful diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of variably suspected small bowel disease, whose diagnostic efficiency is similar to that of the Pillcam SB (small bowel) CE (Given Imaging, Yoqneam, Israel).</p>

Clinical value of capsule endoscopy in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate clinical diagnostic value of capsule endoscopy in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Capsule endoscopy were performed in 90 patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, which was defined as negative finding by gastroscopy and colonoscopy in our hospital.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>In 90 patients, 2 of them accepted second examination. Eighty-seven of 92 (94.57%) patients accepted of capsule endoscopy successfully including 21 of 25 (84.0%) in group of acute massive bleeding and 66 of 67 (98.51%) in recurrent melena (P <0.05). In above patients, 74 of 87 (85.06%) had positive findings and the false negative rate was 17.24%. The detectable rate in acute massive bleeding and recurrent melena was 80.95% and 86.36%, respectively (P >0.05), and the false negative rate of that was 23.81% and 15.15%, respectively (P >0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Capsule endoscopy can be performed safely and well-toleratedly for visualizing the small bowel in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, which induces a highly detectable rate compared with other methods for detecting obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.</p>

Detection of beef contaminated by bovine central nervous system tissue by enzyme immunoassay / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study influencing factors of detection of bovine central nervous system (CNS) tissue contaminated beef by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and the method was applied to the detection of imported beef and domestic beef of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Raw beef homogenates containing different concentrations of raw CNS tissue and the same samples which were heated were detected after different time by RIDASCREEN(r) Risk Material 10/5 and RIDASCREEN(r) Probennahme- zubehor Sampling tools kits. PBS suspension and sample dilution buffer (SDB) suspension of bovine brain tissue with the same concentration of the standard were detected. Beef from USA and domestic market of China were then detected by the kits.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The kits could detect both raw and heated CNS tissue in the products with high sensitivity. The absorbance values (AV) increased with the concentrations of CNS in samples. Heating and increasing of time could decrease the absorbance values of the samples which contain CNS tissue. The AV of the PBS suspension of bovine brain tissue was higher than the SDB suspension and the AV of both were higher than the AV of standard of the same concentration. No CNS tissue was detected from all imported beef. No CNS tissue was detected in all samples from domestic market of China except for foxtail.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The EIA method has high sensitivity for detection of bovine CNS tissue contaminated beef with the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as accurate target substance. Heating and increasing of time can lead to decreasing of the AV of samples. Improper slaughter process can lead to contamination of bovine products by bovine CNS tissue.</p>

The effect of changing body posture on thrombin activity and concentration / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To provide proof for Evidence-based Medicine as well quality control, our laboratory detected the thrombin activity on various body position.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By autogenous contrast and cross matched survey, 105 volunteers divided into 3 season patches of winter, spring and summer, blood samples were drawn from the same part in both standing and lying position. Both samples and the quality control were detected to investigate the effect of the body position to thrombin activity's changing. The data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Taking the lying's data as baseline, the average changing on all those the "5" index was 7.07% and the highest changing reached 9.33%. This kind changing had great significant differences (P < 0.01). According to the t value, sequences ranged: FIB > TT > PT > INR > APTT. FIB, TT and APTT's values slowly raised, adversely PT and INR slowly went down. While sitting for 15 min after lying, these indices returned to 95.2% of the original value in sitting position in addition. Season, age and device had no relationship with body position.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Changing body position can result in obvious physiological variation of thrombin activity.</p>