RESUMO
Introduction: The Index of Orthognathic Functional Treatment Need [IOFTN] was introduced to overcome the limitations of IOTN index to determine treatment need for Orthognathic surgery, and to assist in prioritising public resources for Orthognathic surgery
Objective: To apply IOFTN in patients who were in preparation for Orthognathic surgery
Study design: Across sectional study
Setting: Department of Orthodontics, Faisalabad Medical University [FMU], Faisalabad
Duration of study: 6 months from 10.6.2017 to 10.12.2017
Sample size: The calculated sample size was 50 patients
Sampling technique: Purposive sampling technique
Data collection procedure: Findings were recorded on data collection Performa. The data was analysed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software package [SPSS] 21
Results: Results showed that 90 percent of the cases scored grade 4 and 5. 51 percent of female patients and 49 percent of male patients were needed definite Orthognathic treatment according to IOFTN. No significant gender difference was found for Orthognathic treatment need. IOFTN showed 40 percent [Grade 5], 45 percent [Grade 4], 7 percent [Grade 3], 2= percent [Grade 2] and 0 percent [GradE[1]] results respectively.7 percent of the patients were classified as being in need of moderate treatment, with 2 percent having mild treatment needs. Class II malocclusions [60 percent] and Class III skeletal patterns [40 percent] were the most prevalent type
Conclusion: IOFTN found 90 percent of orthognathic patients as having great to very great functional needs
RESUMO
Background: Sexual Violence is one of the most common crimes across the globe changing the religious as well as cultural values. The incidence of sexual assault is increasing in the community and gained considerable importance being the important public health problem all over the world
Objectives: To study the socio-demographic profile and medico-legal consequences in the victims of alleged sexual assault brought for medicolegal certification at District Headquarter [Teaching] Hospital Sahiwal, Pakistan
Setting and Duration: Retrospective study was conducted in medicolegal clinic of DHQ Teaching Hospital, Sahiwal during the period from 1[st] January, 2016 to 31 December, 2016
Material and Methods: 125 cases of alleged sexual assault reported in medicolegal clinic of DHQ Hospital Sahiwal, during the calendar year 2016. The socio-demographic characteristics were studied in detail i.e. age, marital status, residential background. Associated physical injuries as well as perineal injuries observed on the body of victims were also considered. Results of the biological specimens / evidentiary material sent to the Punjab Forensic Science Agency [PFSA] were recorded on a Performa
Results: The incidence of sexual assault was higher 79[63.20 percent] in rural inhabitants as compared to 46[36.80 percent] in urban citizens. The most vulnerable age group was 11-20 years involving 57[45.60 percent] cases followed by those belonging to 3[rd] decade of life involving 37[29.60 percent] victims. Of the total 125 cases of alleged sexual assault, 74[59.20 percent] were married and 51[40.80 percent] unmarried. As regard injuries to the perineal areas; hymen was observed to have fresh injuries to the vulva and vagina in 7[5.60 percent] cases whereas old / healed tears of perineal area were found in remaining 118[94.40 percent] victims and there was no Virgo intact among all the cases of alleged sexual assault
Conclusion: The victims with age group of 11-20 years were the most commonly affected by sexual violence in Sahiwal and majority of them belonged to the rural areas. Rape and sexual assault are under-reported crimes in order to avoid the social stigma. A combined effort by law enforcing agencies, civil society and electronic / print media should be initiated to eliminate the ferocity of sexual crimes from community