RESUMO
Abstract The aim of this study was to recognize the mite fauna associated with apple orchards in southern Brazil and present a dichotomous key of the species sampled and those already reported in apple trees in southern Brazil. The studies were carried out in the 2020/2021 harvest in seven apple orchards of the Eva, Fuji and Gala cultivars located in the municipalities of Muitos Capões, Antônio Prado (Rio Grande do Sul state) and São Joaquim (Santa Catarina state). The orchards were divided into quadrants and sampling was carried out monthly. In each orchard, 40 plants were sampled, with three leaves of each plant collected in apical, median and basal regions of a median branch. In addition, monthly five species of spontaneous plants per orchard were sampled. A total of 8,425 mites were found, with the greatest abundance in Antônio Prado (50%), followed by Muitos Capões (35.5%) and São Joaquim (14.5%). The specimens found belong to 29 families, 64 genera and 99 species, in addition to mites of the order Oribatida. The greatest diversity was found in spontaneous vegetation (59 species), being 19 exclusives to apple trees and 21 species common to apple trees and spontaneous vegetation. Phytoseiidae was the family that presented the greatest richness, with 16 species, of which seven were common in apple trees and spontaneous plants. The most abundant species was Aculus schlechtendali Nalepa (Eriophyidae) (39.5%), followed by Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Tetranychidae) (14.6%), Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Tarsonemidae) (9.4%) and Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Phytoseiidae) (7.4%). These results suggest that the mite fauna present in apple orchards in different landscapes and management are distinct, with a greater diversity of phytoseiid mites present in organic areas. Therefore, to maintain a greater diversity of predatory mites in these orchards, organic management seems to be the most appropriate. Furthermore, the high acarine diversity found in spontaneous vegetation demonstrates the importance of maintaining these plants in orchards that serve as refuges and reservoirs, favoring the permanence of natural enemies in these environments.
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi reconhecer a acarofauna associada a pomares de macieira no sul do Brasil e apresentar uma chave dicotômica das espécies amostradas e daquelas já relatadas em macieiras no sul do Brasil. Os estudos foram realizados na safra 2020/2021 em sete pomares de macieiras das cultivares Eva, Fuji e Gala localizados nos municípios de Muitos Capões, Antônio Prado (RS) e São Joaquim (SC). Os pomares foram divididos em quadrantes e a amostragem foi realizada mensalmente. Em cada pomar foram amostradas 40 plantas, sendo três folhas de cada planta coletadas nas regiões apical, mediana e basal de um ramo mediano. Além disso, mensalmente foram amostradas cinco espécies de vegetação espontânea por pomar. Foram encontrados 8.425 ácaros, com maior abundância em Antônio Prado (50%), seguido por Muitos Capões (35,5%) e São Joaquim (14,5%). Os exemplares encontrados pertencem a 29 famílias, 64 gêneros e 99 espécies, além de ácaros da ordem Oribatida. A maior abundância foi encontrada em vegetação espontânea (59 espécies), sendo 19 exclusivas de macieiras e 21 espécies comuns a macieiras e vegetação espontânea. Phytoseiidae foi a família que apresentou maior riqueza, com 16 espécies, das quais sete eram comuns em macieiras e vegetação espontânea. A espécie mais abundante foi Aculus schlechtendali Nalepa (Eriophyidae) (39,5%), seguida por Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Tetranychidae) (14,6%), Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Tarsonemidae) (9,4%) e Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Phytoseiidae) (7,4%). Esses resultados sugerem que a acarofauna presente em pomares de macieira em diferentes paisagens e manejos são distintas, com maior diversidade de ácaros fitoseídeos presentes em áreas orgânicas. Portanto, para manter uma maior diversidade de ácaros predadores nesses pomares, o manejo orgânico parece ser o mais adequado. Além disso, a elevada diversidade de ácaros encontrada na vegetação espontânea demonstra a importância da manutenção destas plantas em pomares que servem como refúgios e reservatórios, favorecendo a permanência de inimigos naturais nestes ambientes.
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to identify mite fauna associated with soybean crops and to report new species of the Monsoy 8349 IPRO variety in the municipality of Luís Eduardo Magalhães, western region of Bahia. Samplings were performed in an area with transgenic soybeans, subdivided into three treatments: T01, with no use of agricultural pesticides; T02, complete package of pesticides, except for acaricides; and T03, complete package of pesticides including acaricides. Twenty plants were selected per treatment at each sampling; one apical, one median, and one basal leaf were collected from each plant, totaling 60 leaves per treatment. A total of 1,292 mites were found, belonging to three families, five genera, and six species. The major phytophagous mite species found were Mononychellus planki McGregor and Tetranychus urticae Koch, while the major predatory mites found were Neoseiulus transversus Denmark & Muma and Euseius concordis Chant.