Quality of life of older adults in Family Health Strategy: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: With the increase in the older adult population, it is essential to identify the living and health conditions that can impact the quality of life of these individuals. OBJECTIVES: To identify the domains and factors associated with the quality of life of older adults under the Family Health Strategy program. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the municipality of Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. METHODS: We assessed 449 older adults enrolled in the Family Health Strategy program. Data were collected between April and July, 2018. World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-OLD) was used to assess the quality of life (QoL) and multiple linear regression was used to estimate the factors associated with QoL. RESULTS: The QoL domain with the highest score was death and dying (mean = 70.4), and the lowest score was for sensory functions (mean = 61.0 points). The factors associated with QoL were single marital status (β = -4.55; P = 0.014), level of independence for daily living activities (β = 4.92; P < 0.001), self-assessment of regular health (β = 5.35; P < 0.001), and poor health (β = -8.67; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The death and dying domain of QoL presented the highest score. Marital status, impairment in daily activities, and health self-assessment were associated with QoL.

Commotio cordis (conmoción cardíaca) en un niño. Reporte de un caso / Commotio cordis (cardiac concussion) in a child. A case report

Commotio cordis o conmoción cardíaca es un síndrome arritmogénico mecano-eléctrico raro y mortal. Es la segunda causa de muerte súbita en atletas jóvenes. Se asocia con una lesión que se produce durante la práctica deportiva, en la que un proyectil impacta a alta velocidad en el precordio y provoca una arritmia que conduce a la muerte inmediata del individuo sin una reanimación cardíaca. En las autopsias, los corazones son estructuralmente sanos. Con el conocimiento de este síndrome y las capacitaciones de reanimación cardiorrespiratoria a la comunidad, las tasas de supervivencia han mejorado. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir un paciente que llegó a nuestro hospital con conmotio cordis y su evolución, enfatizando la importancia de medidas de prevención y capacitación de la población en técnicas de reanimación cardiopulmonar y uso del desfibrilador externo automático para la supervivencia de los pacientes que sufren esta entidad.

Commotio cordis or cardiac concussion is a rare and fatal mechano-electric arrhythmogenic syndrome. It is the second most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes. It is most commonly associated with a sports-related injury, wherein, there is a high-velocity impact between a projectile and the precordium, causing arrhythmia that leads to the immediate death of the individual without cardiac resuscitation. On autopsy, the heart is structurally normal. With increasing awareness of this condition and community training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, survival rates have been improving. The objective of this study is to describe the case of a patient who arrived at our hospital with commotio cordis and his course, emphasizing the importance of prevention and training of the population in cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques and the use of the automated external defibrillator for the survival of patients suffering from commotio cordis.

Expressions of ageism during the pandemic as perceived by older persons / Expressões de idadismo durante a pandemia segundo a percepção de pessoas idosas

OBJECTIVE: To describe expressions of ageism as perceived by older persons during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Cross-sectional, exploratory, and descriptive study, including 134 older adults who answered a digital questionnaire, between January and July 2022. A word cloud was used to identify stereotypes. Prejudice was assessed using the Anxiety about Aging scale and discrimination was measured using the Ageism Survey. In addition, a semi-structured questionnaire was used to identify the types of discrimination experienced in the pandemic. RESULTS: Older persons tend to reproduce stereotypes associated with experience and wisdom, with the presence of biopsychosocial changes and dependence, and enjoyment of life. Most older persons reported discrimination (93.50%), especially perceived through "telling jokes about older persons" (72.39%). In the pandemic setting, the most perceived discriminatory manifestations referred to policies, practices, or norms related to the pandemic (38.06%) and when reading and watching news in the newspaper, the Internet, and television (35.07%). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that older persons experienced ageism during the pandemic and show the need for programs and policies aimed at education on ageing, so as to reduce the stigmas of old age and discrimination, aiming to foster healthy ageing.

OBJETIVO: Descrever expressões de idadismo percebidas por pessoas idosas durante a pandemia de COVID-19. METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal, exploratório e descritivo, realizado com 134 idosos que responderam a um questionário digital, entre janeiro e julho de 2022. Para identificar os estereótipos, elaborou-se uma nuvem de palavras. O preconceito foi avaliado por meio da Escala de Ansiedade sobre Envelhecer e a discriminação foi mensurada por intermédio do Ageism Survey. Além disso, utilizou-se um questionário semiestruturado para identificar os tipos de discriminação sofridos na pandemia. RESULTADOS: Pessoas idosas tendem a reproduzir estereótipos associados à experiência e sabedoria, com presença de alterações biopsicossociais e dependência, e de fruição da vida. A maioria das pessoas idosas relatou discriminação (93,50%), especialmente percebida por meio de "contar piadas sobre idosos" (72,39%). No contexto da pandemia, as manifestações discriminatórias mais percebidas referiram-se às políticas, práticas ou normas relacionadas à pandemia (38,06%) e ao ler e assistir notícias no jornal, internet e televisão (35,07%). CONCLUSÃO: Os dados sugerem o idadismo vivenciado por pessoas idosas na pandemia e evidenciam a necessidade de criação de programas e políticas voltados para a educação em envelhecer, a fim de reduzir os estigmas da velhice e a discriminação, com vistas à promoção do envelhecimento saudável.

Fluid administration in cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: neither too much nor too little

Abstract Introduction Intraoperative fluid therapy in cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy plays an important role in postoperative morbidity. Studies have found an association between overload fluid therapy and increased postoperative complications, advising restrictive intraoperative fluid therapy. Our objective in this study was to compare the morbidity associated with restrictive versus non-restrictive intraoperative fluid therapy. Methods Retrospective analysis of a database collected prospectively in the Anesthesiology Service of Virgen del Rocío Hospital, from December 2016 to April 2019. One hundred and six patients who underwent complete cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy were divided into two cohorts according to Fluid Therapy received 1. Restrictive ≤ 9 mL.kg-1.h-1 (34 patients), 2. Non-restrictive ≥ 9 mL.kg-1.h-1 (72 patients). Percentage of major complications (Clavien-Dindo grade III-IV) and length hospital stay were the main outcomes variables. Results Of the 106 enrolled patients, 68.9% were women; 46.2% had ovarian cancer, 35.84% colorectal cancer, and 7.5% peritoneal cancer. The average fluid administration rate was 11 ± 3.58 mL.kg-1.h-1. The restrictive group suffered a significantly higher percentage of Clavien-Dindo grade III-IV complications (35.29%) compared with the non-restrictive group (15.27%) (p= 0.02). The relative risk associated with restrictive therapy was 1.968 (95% confidence interval: 1.158-3.346). We also found a significant difference for hospital length of stay, 20.91 days in the restrictive group vs 16.19 days in the non-restrictive group (p= 0.038). Conclusions Intraoperative fluid therapy restriction below 9 mL.kg-1.h-1 in cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy was associated with a higher percentage of major postoperative complications.

Apoio social e funcionalidade familiar: um estudo transversal com pessoas idosas no contexto da covid-19 / Social support and family functioning: a cross-sectional study of older people in the context of COVID-19

Resumo Objetivo Verificar a associação entre apoio social percebido e funcionalidade familiar em pessoas idosas durante a pandemia de covid-19. Método Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 72 participantes idosos que estavam matriculados em uma Universidade Aberta para Pessoas Idosas, no interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As variáveis analisadas foram: condições socioeconômicas, demográficas, apoio social (Escala do Medical Outcomes Study) e funcionalidade familiar (Apgar de família). Utilizaram-se os testes: Qui-Quadrado, Mann Whitney e Regressão de Poisson Múltipla para as análises dos dados, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados O tipo de apoio com maiores escores médios foi o afetivo (95,1 pontos) e o menor, o emocional (87,4 pontos). A disfunção familiar foi de 22,2%. A cada ponto do escore de apoio afetivo havia o decréscimo na probabilidade de apresentar disfunção familiar. (RP=0,96; p=0,001). Conclusão O apoio afetivo associou-se à funcionalidade familiar. Tais achados demonstram a importância de identificar a estrutura, dinâmica e relações familiares para planejar o cuidado integral à saúde da população idosa.

Abstract Objective To determine the association between perceived social support and family functioning in older people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out of 72 participants aged ≥60 years enrolled at an Open University of the Third Age (U3A) in the interior of Sao Paulo state, Brazil. The variables analyzed were socioeconomic and demographic conditions, social support (Medical Outcomes Study Scale), and family functioning (Family APGAR). The Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney, and Multivariate Poisson Regression tests were used for data analysis, with a significance level of 5%. Results The type of support with the highest mean scores was affectionate (95.1 points) while the lowest was emotional (87.4 points). Family dysfunction rate was 22.2%. For every additional point of affectionate support score, there was a decrease in the probability of presenting family dysfunction (OR=0.96; p=0.001). Conclusion Affectionate support was associated with family functioning. These findings highlight the importance of identifying family structure, dynamics, and relationships in planning comprehensive health care for the older population.

Cómo debemos comunicar malas noticias en tiempos de pandemia / How to communicate bad news in times of pandemic

Introducción: La humanidad ha quedado sorprendida por el impacto de la pandemia de la COVID-19, su contagiosidad y letalidad constituyen grandes causas de preocupación en todo el mundo; en este contexto resulta muy difícil para el personal de la salud comunicar malas noticias. Objetivo: Expresar la necesidad de desarrollar habilidades para comunicar malas noticias por el personal de la salud ante esta pandemia de la COVID-19. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica acerca del impacto sobre la salud mental de la pandemia de la COVID-19 y la necesidad de preparación del personal sanitario para ofrecer malas noticias. Resultados: Se han descrito reacciones de depresión, ansiedad, trastornos del sueño y estrés postraumático, causadas por esta pandemia. Se describen varios protocolos que se pueden seguir al realizar esta práctica: el Protocolo de Buckman, Spikes y ABCDE. Conclusiones: La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha producido grandes afectaciones de la salud mental en la población general en todo el mundo, por lo que se necesita que el personal de la salud esté bien entrenado para comunicar malas noticias, se creen espacios idóneos para esta práctica y las instituciones diseñen e implementen sus protocolos de actuación para llevar a cabo esta tarea(AU)

Introduction: Humanity has been surprised by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; its contagiousness and lethality are great causes for concern around the world. In this context, it is very difficult for the health personnel to communicate bad news. Objective: To express the need to develop skills among the health care personnel to communicate bad news in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: A bibliographic review about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and the need to prepare the health personnel to communicate bad news was carried out. Results: Reactions of depression, anxiety, sleep disorders and post-traumatic stress caused by this pandemic have been described. Several protocols that can be followed when performing this practice are described; they include: The Buckman, Spikes and ABCDE protocols. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused great effects on the mental health of the general population around the world. Therefore, it is necessary for the health personnel to be well trained in communicating bad news, as well as to create suitable spaces for this practice. On the other hand, the institutions should design and implement their action protocols to carry out this task(AU)

Análisis comparativo de modelos educativos para la educación superior virtual y sostenible / Comparative analysis of educational models for virtual and sustainable higher education / Análise comparativa de modelos educativos para o ensino superior virtual e sustentável

RESUMEN Se analizan diferentes modelos educativos, propuestos en educación superior: La finalidad de este análisis es identificar las ventajas y desventajas en cuanto a formación integral, mediación por las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC) y aporte al desarrollo sostenible. Lo anterior porque en situaciones se incorporan tecnologías en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, pero se siguen empleando modelos educativos tradicionales que poco aportan al descubrimiento de soluciones humanísticas y dignificantes para resolver los problemas de una región. En este estudio se emplea un protocolo de revisión sistemática; además, se integran la investigación, la innovación, la proyección social y promoción de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Se consideran como categorías del análisis comparativo: el enfoque pedagógico, reconociendo las bondades de aquellos modelos constructivistas; la presencia de lo dialógico, como forma de relación entre el estudiante y el docente; la formación para el desarrollo sostenible; el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y social, entre otras. El resultado de este análisis permite identificar aspectos a considerar en la construcción de un modelo educativo para la educación superior mediado por las TIC.

ABSTRACT Some educational models proposed in higher education are analyzed. The objective of this analysis is to identify the advantages and disadvantages in terms of comprehensive training, mediation by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and contribution to sustainable development. This, because in situations, technologies are incorporated into the teaching-learning processes, but traditional educational models continue to be used, contributing little to the discovery of humanistic and dignifying solutions for solving the problems of a region. In this study, a systematic review protocol is used and includes research, innovation, social projection to promote the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).The following are considered as categories of comparative analysis: the pedagogical approach, recognizing the benefits of those constructivist models; the presence of the dialogical, as a form of relationship between the student and the teacher training for sustainable development, the development of critical and social thinking, among others. The result of this analysis allows us to identify aspects to consider in the construction of an educational model for higher education mediated by ICT

RESUMO Os diferentes modelos educacionais propostos no ensino superior são analisados. O objectivo desta análise é identificar as vantagens e desvantagens em termos de formação abrangente, mediação por Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) e contribuição para o desenvolvimento sustentável. O acima exposto, porque nas situações em que as tecnologias são incorporadas nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem, mas ainda são utilizados modelos educativos tradicionais que contribuem pouco para a descoberta de soluções humanistas e dignas para resolver os problemas de uma região. Neste estudo, é utilizado um protocolo de revisão sistemática; além disso, a investigação, inovação, projecção social e promoção dos Objectivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) são integrados. São consideradas como categorias da análise comparativa: a abordagem pedagógica, reconhecendo os benefícios dos modelos construtivistas; a presença do dialógico, como forma de relação entre o aluno e o professor; a formação para o desenvolvimento sustentável; o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico e social, entre outros. O resultado desta análise permite identificar aspectos a considerar na construção de um modelo educacional para o ensino superior, mediado pelas TIC.

O papel do gerontólogo nas universidades da terceira idade durante a pandemia de covid-19: estudo de caso / Gerontologist's role in the universities of the third age during covid-19 pandemic: case study

As Universidades da Terceira Idade (U3As) geralmente visam promover o envelhecimento saudável com atividades educacionais e sociais, mas desde 2020, o isolamento social da pandemia de Covid-19 tem exigido uma reorganização desses programas. Este artigo discute as possibilidades de intervenções e praxes em uma U3A para o enfrentamento das estratégias de mitigação da pandemia, na perspectiva de estagiários de Gerontologia que atuam em uma U3A, comparando os momentos antes e durante a pandemia. Para tanto, este relato de experiência descreve dois estudos de caso, sendo um relacionado ao estágio profissional anterior e outro durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Os dados foram coletados por meio de diagnóstico organizacional observacional e análise de documentos. Para a interpretação do material, foram realizadas análises documentais e de conteúdo, efetuando a comparação e discussão dos dados. Este projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP) e seguiu todos os preceitos éticos. Os resultados demonstram que o cenário de atuação do gerontólogo é amplo, mas o letramento digital, as informações sobre políticas de inclusão digital, profissionais capacitados para trabalhar com esse público e o fortalecimento de vínculos tornaram-se mais urgentes na pandemia de Covid-19.(AU)

Universities of the Third Age (U3As) generally aim to promote healthy ageing through educational and social activities, but since 2020, the social isolation of the Covid-19 pandemic has required a reorganization of these programs. This article discusses the possibilities of interventions and practices in a U3A to face the new reality of pandemic mitigation strategies, from the perspective of Gerontology interns who work in a U3A, comparing the moments before and during the pandemic. To this end, this experience report describes two case studies, being one related to internship before and the other during the Covid-19 pandemic. Data were collected through observational organizational diagnosis and document analysis. For the interpretation of the material, documentary and content analyzes were performed, making the comparison and discussion of the data. The Research Ethics Committee (CEP) approved this study. The results demonstrate that the gerontologist's role is broad, but digital literacy, information on digital inclusion policies, professionals trained to work with this audience, and strengthening professional bonds are more urgent in the Covid-19 pandemic.(AU)

Comorbilidades y evolución de la función pulmonar de pacientes con atresia esofágica congénita / Comorbidities and course of lung function in patients with congenital esophageal atresia

Objetivo. Describir las características epidemiológicas, el seguimiento hospitalario y la evolución de los pacientes intervenidos por atresia esofágica y su repercusión en la función pulmonar. Población y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal y analítico. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes con atresia esofágica nacidos entre 1996 y 2017. Se registraron datos perinatales, tipo de atresia, malformaciones asociadas, complicaciones respiratorias y digestivas, y los datos espirométricos durante tres años. Resultados. Se incluyeron 97 pacientes. El tipo de atresia más frecuente fue el III y el síndrome más frecuente, la trisomía 21. El 13,4 % fallecieron en el período neonatal. El 23,8 % de los pacientes estuvo en seguimiento por Neumología y presentó como complicaciones respiratorias exacerbaciones (el 46,4 %), sibilancias o asma (el 36 %), neumonías (el 26,8 %). El reflujo gastroesofágico fue factor de riesgo de sibilancias (OR 5,31; p = 0,002), exacerbaciones (OR 4,00; p = 0,009) y neumonías (OR 3,24; p = 0,02). En la primera espirometría (n = 20), un 65 % presentaba patrón normal; un 30 %, restrictivo, y un 5 %, mixto. En la segunda espirometría (n = 19), un 42,1 % presentaba patrón normal; un 31,6 %, restrictivo; un 15,8 %, obstructivo, y un 10,5 %, mixto. En la tercera espirometría (n = 14), el 50 % presentaba un patrón espirométrico normal; el 21,4 %, restrictivo; el 14,3 %, obstructivo, y un 14,3 %, mixto. Conclusiones. En nuestra muestra de pacientes, una importante proporción presentó comorbilidades respiratorias y digestivas. La función pulmonar empeoró progresivamente.

Objective. To describe the epidemiological characteristics, hospital follow-up, and course of patients who underwent surgery for esophageal atresia and its consequences on lung function. Population and methods. Retrospective, longitudinal, and analytical study. The medical records of patients with esophageal atresia born between 1996 and 2017 were reviewed. Perinatal data, type of atresia, associated malformations, respiratory and gastrointestinal complications, and spirometry data were recorded over 3 years. Results. A total of 97 patients were included. The most common type of atresia was III, and the most frequent syndrome, trisomy 21; 13.4 % of patients died in the neonatal period; 23.8 % were followed up by the Department of Pulmonology, and their respiratory complications included exacerbations (46.4 %), wheezing or asthma (36 %), and pneumonia (26.8 %). Gastroesophageal reflux was a risk factor for wheezing (OR: 5.31; p = 0.002), exacerbations (OR: 4.00; p = 0.009), and pneumonia (OR: 3.24; p = 0.02). In the first spirometry (n = 20), the pattern was normal in 65 %; restrictive in 30 %; and mixed in 5 %. In the second spirometry (n = 19), the pattern was normal in 42.1 %; restrictive in 31.6 %; obstructive in 15.8 %, and mixed in 10.5 %. In the third spirometry (n = 14), the pattern was normal in 50 %; restrictive in 21.4 %; obstructive in 14.3 %, and mixed in 14.3 %.Conclusions. In our sample of patients, a large proportion had respiratory and gastrointestinal comorbidities. Lung function worsened progressively.

Cuba implementa el Plan global de acción para la demencia aprobado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud 2017 / Cuba implements the Global Plan of Action for dementia approved by the World Health Organization, 2017

RESUMEN Introducción: La OMS en su 70a Asamblea Mundial de la Salud realizada el 29 de mayo del 2017 en Ginebra, Suiza, aprobó el Plan de Acción Mundial para enfrentar las demencias. La demencia afecta a 50 millones de personas en el mundo, si no se logra una intervención eficaz esta cifra casi se triplicará para el año 2050. Esta enfermedad puede llegar a ser la más cara que enfrentarán los servicios de salud y una de las de mayor impacto en la familia y la sociedad a escala mundial. Objetivo: mostrar las acciones realizadas en Cuba en la implementación de las metas mundiales propuestas en el Plan de acción global sobre la respuesta de salud pública a la demencia 2017-2025 aprobado por la OMS. Material y métodos: Se revisó el Plan de acción global para la atención a la demencia aprobado por la OMS en el año 2017 y se verificó el cumplimiento de las siete metas mundiales en Cuba. Las fuentes de información fueron el Anuario Estadístico de Salud 2017 y los informes de trabajo del Departamento de adulto mayor, Asistencia Social y Salud Mental de 2017. Desarrollo: Cuba elaboró la Estrategia nacional para la enfermedad de Alzheimer y los síndromes demenciales en el año 2014 y la actualizó en el año 2017 con los siguientes conceptos atendiendo al Plan de acción global sobre la respuesta de salud pública a la demencia 2017-2025: 1) igualdad de género, 2) perfeccionar los sistemas de información en relación con la demencia, 3) actualizar sus indicadores acordes con el plan de la OMS 4) crear ambientes y ciudades amigables para las personas con síndrome demencial. Existe al menos un centro especializado en cada provincia para el diagnóstico temprano de la enfermedad, a partir del nivel de Atención Primaria de Salud. Conclusiones: Cuba ha dado los primeros pasos en la implementación del Plan de acción global sobre la respuesta de salud pública a la demencia 2017-2025, continuar avanzando dependerá del empeño, la motivación y el compromiso del personal de la salud y todos los sectores sociales.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) approved the Plan of Action to tackle dementia in its 70th World Meeting held on May 29th, 2017 in Geneva, Switzerland. Dementia affects 50 million people in the world, and if there is not an effective intervention, this figure will nearly triple by the year 2050. This disease can become the most expensive one that the health services will face and one of those of greatest impact in the family and society worldwide. Objective: To present the actions carried out in Cuba for the implementation of the world goals suggested in the global plan of action for dementia approved by the WHO. Material and methods: The global plan of action for the attention to dementia approved by the World Health Organization in 2017 was reviewed, and the fulfillment of the implementation of the seven world goals in our country was verified. The sources of information reviewed were the Annual Health Statistics Report 2017, the work reports presented by the Elderly Department, Social Care Services, and Mental Health, 2017. Development: Cuba developed the National Strategy for Alzheimer disease and dementia syndromes in 2014 taking into account the Global Plan of Action as a response of public health to dementia 2017-2025. This Cuban strategy was brought up to date in 2017 with the following concepts: 1) gender equality, 2) improvement of the information systems regarding the disease, 3) update of the indicators according to the plan approved by the WHO 4) creation of friendly environments for people with dementia. There is at least a specialized center in each province for the early diagnosis of the disease from the Primary Health Care. Conclusions: Cuba has taken the first steps in the implementation of the global plan of action for the response of public health to dementia from 2017 to 2025, and the advance on this respect will depend on the commitment of the health care personnel and all social sectors.

Relación entre el patrón esqueletal y la posición cráneo-cervical / Relationship between the skeletal pattern and the cranial-cervical position

Introducción: Los problemas posturales se inician, en la mayoría de los casos, en la infancia, por lo tanto en período de crecimiento una actitud postural alterada compromete el equilibrio cefálico y la posición de la mandíbula pudiendo originar malocluciones. Objetivo: Analizar si existe relación entre el ángulo cráneo-cervical y el patrón esqueletal en una población infantil. Material y métodos: Se evaluaron 70 pacientes con telerradiografía de cráneo de perfil con exámenes cefalométrico de Ricketts con patrón esqueletal de clase I, II y III (Campo II relación cráneo-mandibular, factor 7 convexidad) y el cefalograma de Rocabado, utilizando el ángulo cráneo-vertebral. Resultado: Tanto el sexo como el patrón esqueletal son significativos, su interacción no lo es. A su vez, la edad no resulta significativa. Conclusión: En el presente estudio se encontró que existe relación significativa entre el ángulo cráneo-cervical y el patrón esqueletal (AU)

Introduction: Postural problems begin in most cases, in childhood, therefore during growth an altered postural attitude compromises the cephalic balance and jaw position causing posible malocclucion. Objective: It is to present the correlation between the skull and cervical angle skeletal pattern in a child population. Material and methods: 70 patients were evaluated with teleradiography cephalometric profile tests Ricketts skeletal pattern with class I, II and III (Field II craniomandibular relationship, Factor 7 convexity) and cephalogram Rocabado, using the craniovertebral angle. Result: Both sex and skeletal pattern are significant and their interaction is not. In turn, age is not significant. Conclusion: In the present study it was found that there is a statistically significant relationship between the cranial-cervical angle, and the skeletal pattern (AU)

Triángulo hioides en niños con diámetro faríngeo superior disminuido / Hyoid bone triangle in children with reduced upper pharyngeal diameter

Introducción: el hueso hioides es un hueso único, medio y móvil, ubicado entre la cintura escapular y la cara, brinda inserción a la musculatura supra e infrahioidea. Objetivo: el propósito de este trabajo es evaluar el triángulo hioideo en niños con IRN y diámetro faríngeo superior disminuido. Material y método: estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se estudiaron las telerradiografías de 80 pacientes que asistieron a la carrera de especialización en ortodoncia y ortopedia funcional de la Universidad Kennedy, entre 5 y 13 años sin tratamiento previo con aparatología de ortopedia y/u ortodoncia. La evaluación se realizó sobre telerradiografía de perfil. Se procedió a trazar el triángulo hioideo. Resultados: se encontró que el 46,25 por ciento de los pacientes presentaron el triángulo hioideo positivo. Conclusión: el resultado de este estudio manifiesta que existe una variabilidad en la posición, en sentido vertical, del hioides en pacientes con diámetro faríngeo disminuido.

Low-dose-rate brachytherapy for patients with transurethral resection before implantation in prostate cancer. Long-term results

ABSTRACT We analyzed the long-term oncologic outcome for patients with prostate cancer and transurethral resection who were treated using low-dose-rate (LDR) prostate brachytherapy. Methods and Materials: From January 2001 to December 2005, 57 consecutive patients were treated with clinically localized prostate cancer. No patients received external beam radiation. All of them underwent LDR prostate brachytherapy. Biochemical failure was defined according to the "Phoenix consensus". Patients were stratified as low and intermediate risk based on The Memorial Sloan Kettering group definition. Results: The median follow-up time for these 57 patients was 104 months. The overall survival according to Kaplan-Meier estimates was 88% (±6%) at 5 years and 77% (±6%) at 12 years. The 5 and 10 years for failure in tumour-free survival (TFS) was 96% and respectively (±2%), whereas for biochemical control was 94% and respectively (±3%) at 5 and 10 years, 98% (±1%) of patients being free of local recurrence. A patient reported incontinence after treatment (1.7%). The chronic genitourinary complains grade I were 7% and grade II, 10%. At six months 94% of patients reported no change in bowel function.Conclusions: The excellent long-term results and low morbidity presented, as well as the many advantages of prostate brachytherapy over other treatments, demonstrates that brachytherapy is an effective treatment for patients with transurethral resection and clinical organ-confined prostate cancer

Masticación viciosa: diagnóstico radiográfico / Vicious chewing: radiographic diagnosis

La masticación es una función del sistema estomatognático fundamental para el desarrollo del tercio inferior y medio de la cara. Las alteraciones en el ciclo masticatorio durante el período de crecimiento y desarrollo podría traer aparejado problemas de asimetría facial. Las radiografías extraorales, telerradiografía y panorámica, son de gran utilidad en odontología. La Rx panorámica demostró ser un auxiliar de la clínica para el diagnóstico de la función masticatoria. La Dra. Wilma Simoes propuso un análisis de la Rx panorámica denominado panorograma de simetría. Este consiste en reunir información detallada de las estructuras de ambas mitades en la radiografía panorámica (derecha e izquierda) y compararlas entre sí, con el fin de reconocer las simetrías o asimetrías de las estructuras delt ercio medio e inferior de la cara.

Manejo anestésico de épulis congénito / Anesthetic management of congenital epulis

Introducción. El épulis del recién nacido es un tumor de células granulares originado en la mucosa de la cresta alveolar dental. Se presenta como una masa de tejido blando pedunculado, que puede ser lobular o multinodular. Es más habitual en mujeres que en hombres (8:1), debido, quizás, a factores hormonales en su génesis. Puede acompañarse de otras malformaciones congénitas. El manejo anestésico se basa en su potencial dificultad para la intubación y el riesgo de sangrado. Objetivos. Presentar el caso de un recién nacido con épulis congénito y hacer revisión de esta entidad y de su manejo anestésico. Métodos y resultados. Presentación de este caso clínico. Conclusiones. Hay descritos varios tipos de anestesia, dependiendo, entre otros factores, del tamaño del tumor y de los profesionales que intervienen en su exéresis. En nuestro caso, y dadas las características del tumor, optamos por una sedación inhalatoria con O2 /aire / sevofluorane, posición en decúbito lateral e infiltración local en la base del implantación. El éxito de la intervención debe basarse en una buena colaboración quirúrgico-anestésica.

Introduction. epulis of the newborn is agranular cell tumor arising in the mucosa of the dental ridge. It presents as a pedunculated soft tissue mass that can be lobular or multinodular.It is more common in females than inmales (8:1) perhaps due to hormonal factors. It may be accompanied by other congenital malformations. Anesthetic management is based on a potentially difficult intubation and the risk of bleeding. Objectives. To present the case of a newborn with congenital epulis and to review this pathologyand its anesthetic management.Methods and Results Clinical case presentation. Conclusions. Several types of anesthesia havebeen described depending, among other factors, on tumor size and on the professionals involved in excising the lesion. In our case, and given the characteristics of the tumor, we chose inhalation sedation with O2 / air / sevoflurane, lateral decubitus position and local infiltration at the base of implantation. Good collaboration between the surgeon and the anesthetist is critical for success.

Estudio colaborativo multicéntrico sobrereanimación cardiopulmonar en nueveunidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricos de la República Argentina / Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in nine pediatric intensive care units of the Argentine Republic: a multicentric study

La reanimación cardiopulmonar(RCP) es una práctica común en las unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP), pero poco evaluada.Objetivos. 1) Identificar etiología y epidemiología del paro cardiorrespiratorio (PCR) en UCIP.2) Describir la forma de realización de la RCP.3) Describir los fármacos utilizados. 4) Conocer la evolución de los pacientes. 5) Conocer la formación en RCP de los médicos de las UCIP. Pacientes y métodos. Pacientes internados entre 01/04/2004-31/03/2005 que presentaron PCR. Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo.Resultados. En 9 UCIP, hubo 2065 admisiones y 132 PCR (6,39 por ciento). Las etiologías más frecuentes del PCR fueron hipoxia e hipotensión arterial (65,9 por ciento del total). Los ritmos iniciales del PCR fueron: bradicardia 43,94 por ciento, asistolia 43,18 por ciento, arritmias ventriculares 9,85 por ciento.Requirieron fármacos 131 pacientes; el número (media) de dosis de adrenalina fue 4,03. El mayor número de dosis de adrenalina se asoció con una menor posibilidad de recuperación de circulación espontánea (ROSC, por su sigla en inglés). La duración de la RCP se asoció en forma inversa y ignificativa con el hecho de lograr la ROSC. Fallecieron 104 pacientes (78,79 por ciento), sobrevivieron 28. Todos egresaron de UCIP y 26 del hospital; 22 egresaron con estado neurológico normal o incapacidad ligera. Conclusiones. Las etiologías más frecuentes del PCR fueron hipoxia y shock. La mayoría de los niños recibieron fármacos. Los compuestos más utilizados fueron la asociación adrenalina-bicarbonato y adrenalina sola. Las posibilidades de recuperación fueron escasas cuando se administróRCP durante más de sesenta minutos omás de seis dosis de adrenalina. La mortalidad fue elevada. La mayoría de los pacientes que egresaron del hospital tenían estado neurológico normal o incapacidad ligera. Los médicos delas UCIP tenían alto nivel de capacitación con cursos de reanimación.

Reproducción asistida en hombres infectados con el virus de VIH / Assisted reproduction in HIV positive men

Objetivo: Describir un programa de procreación responsable en parejas donde el varón está infectado con el VIH organizado en un centro ambulatorio infectológico de la ciudad de Bs. As. y llevado a cabo por un equipo interdisciplinario conformado por Infectólogos, Bioquímicos, Ginecólogos y Biólogos. Comentar algunas revisiones de la literatura que avalan la evidencia cientifica para realizar estos procedimientos. Métodos: las parejas serodiscordantes son candidatas para este programa si el varón tiene seguimiento infectológico, los estudios de esperma demuestran carga viral (CV) indetectable y DNA proviral de VIH negativo, y, la mujer tiene ADN proviral de VIH negativo en sangre, en el ciclo en el cual se realizará el procedimiento de fertilización asistida. Se realiza en la mujer pesquisa de infecciones connatales. Las muestras de esperma son procesadas con técnicas de lavado, swim up y swim down, y congeladas. Después de cada procedimiento de fertilización asistida la mujer es controlada controlada con estudios serológicos para anticuerpos (VIH ELISA) periódicos. Los recién nacidos son evaluados a través de ADN proviral de VIH en el 1er mes de vida, o, durante los primeros 6 meses de vida a través de anticuerpos (VIH ELISA). Resultadaos: desde 12/2000 y hasta mayo 2009 se incluyeron 165 parejas serodiscordantes. 147 pacientes VIH (+) realizaron estudios de muestras de esperma, 26, tuvieron muestras con estudios microbiológicos positivos (23, CV detectable, y 3, ADN proviral de VIH positivo). En 123 parejas se realizaron: 329 inseminaciones, 55 ICSI y 28 FIV. Se concretron 44 embarazos y nacieron 51 bebés. Todos los estudios realizados a las mujeres y recién nacidos mostraron resultados negativos. Conclusiones: este programa logró resultados satisfactorios en la prevención de infecciones por VIH y connatales.

Objective: to describe the data obtained during the development of an assisted reproduction program for couples where the man is HIV - Infected organized by an ambulatory infectologist center in BsAs city. a multidisciplinary team with infectious disease MD, biochemists, ginecologists and bilogist collaborate in the follow-up of the patients. Methods: couples seeking reproductive counseling were eligible for this programme if: the HIV positive male partner adhered to an infectious disease follow-up, he has undetectable viral load in the fresh sperm sample and is negative for HIV proviral DNA in the swim-up material after sperm washing, the female partner is negative for HIV proviral DNA immediately beforme each assisted reproduction attempt. Procedures comprised intrauterine insemination, intracytoplasmic sperm injection and in vitro fertilization accordin to gynecologist indication. After each procedure, women were tested for indication. After each procedure, women were tested for HIV antibodies periodically. Newborns were tested for HIV proviral DNA at one month of age or HE during the first six months. Results: One hundred and sixty five couples were assessed, semen analyses results were obtained from 147 HIV positive men, 23 had detectable viral load, 3 had positive HIV proviral DNA in swim up. One hundred and twenty three couples undervent AR procedures: 329 intrauterine inseminations, 55 intracytoplasmic sperm injections, and 28 in-vitro fertilizations. Forty four pregnancies resulted in fifty one live Births. All HE and HDP tests performed in women and new-borns were negative. Conclusions: This programme achieved satisfactory results in prevention of HIV and congenital infections.

Rinitis alérgica como causa de obstrucción de las vías áereas superiores / Allergic rhinitis caused by upper airway obstruction

La rinitis es una patología muy frecuente, siendo la rinitis alérgica la de mayor prevalencia. Esta constituye una de las causas de obstrucción de las vías aéreas superiores.