Oxidized phospholipids and atherosclerosis / 生理学报

Phospholipids are important components of biomembrane and lipoproteins. Phospholipids can be oxidized by free radicals/nonradicals and enzymes to form oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs), which can lead to further generation of oxidation products with different biological activities. Clinical evidence shows that OxPLs are constantly generated and transformed during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and accumulated at the lesion sites. OxPLs are highly heterogeneous mixtures that can influence the progress of atherosclerosis through a variety of related receptors or signaling pathways. This review summarizes the process of phospholipid oxidation, the related products, the interaction of OxPLs with endothelial cells, monocytes/macrophages, smooth muscle cells, platelets and lipoproteins involved in the pathological process of atherosclerosis, and the progress of the researches using OxPLs as a target to inhibit atherosclerosis in recent years.

The long-term clinical efficacy of tumor cytoreduction surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer / 解放军医学杂志

Objective: To study the long-term efficacy of cytoreduction surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer. Methods: The clinical data were collected of 103 patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from colorectal cancer undergoing CRS with HIPEC in the Department of General Surgery of the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 1, 2012 to May 31, 2013, and divided into colonic group (n=60) and rectal group (n=43) according to the origin position of peritoneal cancer. The surgical status of patients (whether combined with other organ resection, number of stoma, peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI), completeness of cytoreduction (CC) score, transfusion, etc.) and the short-term complications and long-term survival after operation in the both groups were compared. Kaplan-meier method was used to draw the survival curve of patients, and log-rank method was employed to compare the survival differences between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in the surgical data between the two groups (PCI, CC score, hepatectomy, number of anastomosed stoma, transfusion, etc., P>0.05). The follow-up time of the 103 patients was (28.43±15.65) months, median survival time (OS) was 26.3 months, median disease free survival time (DFS) was 17.7 months, median recurrence to time of death (TTD) was 18.3 months. The 3-year and 5-year survival rate were 35.9% and 8.7%, respectively. The patients' survival was better in colonic group than in rectal group (OS: 28.5 months vs. 19.7 months; DFS: 21.1 months vs. 13.6 months; TTD: 22.3 months vs. 12.1months; 3-year survival rate: 48.3% vs. 18.6%; 5-year survival rate: 15.0% vs. 0, P<0.05). Conclusion: When CRS with HIPEC is implemented, the incidence of short-term complications in patients with PC originated from colon may match to those with PC originated from rectum, while the long-term efficacy is better in the former than in the latter.

Effects of propofol and sevoflurane on intestinal flora diversity in infants undergoing cochlear implantation / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveThe correlation of intestinal flora diversity in infants undergoing cochlear implantation (CI) with different general anesthetics remains unclear. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of propofol and sevoflurane on intestinal flora diversity in infants undergoing cochlear implantation.MethodsFrom January 2018 to August 2018, twenty infants with hearing impairment who underwent CI in the Department of Anesthesiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine were randomly divided into propofol group (10 cases) and sevoflurane group (10 cases). The propofol group (group P) received intravenous injection while the sevoflurane group (group S) received inhalation. Genomic DNA was extracted for PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing technique was used to analyze the diversity of intestinal flora (intestinal flora taxonomic composition, flora alpha diversity index, and intestinal flora PICRUSt function prediction).ResultsThe analysis of intestinal flora taxonomic composition showed that the intestinal flora of infants in the two groups were mainly Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes after operation. There was no significant difference in species diversity of intestinal flora (Actinobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Firmicutes, etc.) between Group S and Group P（P＞0.05）. The analysis of flora alpha diversity index showed that there was no significant difference in metrics (species information index, chaol index, Shannon index, etc.) between Group S and Group P（P＞0.05）. The analysis of intestinal flora PICRUSt function prediction showed that there were significant differences in Peptidase metabolism (1.82±0.08, 1.91±0.07, P=0.02), Protein Kinase metabolism (0.32±0.03, 0.28±0.03, P=0.02) and Tuberculosis pathway (0.14±0.01,0.15±0.01,P=0.049) between Group S and Group P after operation.ConclusionSevoflurane and propofol can regulate the functional diversity of intestinal flora through affecting different metabolic pathways of KO function in the functional diversity of intestinal flora and provide new guidance for the use of clinical anesthetics in infants undergoing CI.

Different types of molecular hydrogen donors and their pharmacokinetics in vivo / 生理学报

Molecular hydrogen (H) has been shown to have diverse biomedical effects. As a small molecular gas, hydrogen can be diffused to the target without hindrance. A variety of related hydrogen products used in medical research and public health have been developed. There are various methods of administration of H, mainly including inhaling hydrogen gas, drinking hydrogen water, injecting hydrogen-saline, orally taking solid-state H sustained-release agents, and stimulating intestinal microbiomes to produce hydrogen. Pharmacokinetics of H in vivo vary with methods of administration and thus influence its biomedical effects. This review summarizes the types of H donors and their pharmacokinetics in vivo.

Assessing facial fat volume at 6 months after structural fat grafting / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: With the increasing pursuit of beauty, facial cosmetics have become popular, and thereupon various cosmetic methods and surgical methods have emerged. However, high costs, large trauma, slow recovery, permanent scars and even scar hypertrophy can result from these cosmetic surgeries. Transplantation is a relatively new method for facial cosmetics, and the choice of graft is crucial for cosmetic effects. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the curative effect of facial rejuvenation surgery with structural fat grafting. METHODS: From May 2016 to May 2017, 21 cases of facial rejuvenation were selected. All subjects were assessed for donor sites and affected areas by combining various factors. Fat tissues were isolated from the donor site, and implanted into the affected area after sediment and grease removal. Patient satisfaction and the severity of facial wrinkles were scored through a survey questionnaire. At 6 months after transplantation, the number of request to replenish injections and number of complication cases were statistically recorded. The volume of facial fat tissues in the affected area was calculated before and after transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Two subjects required re-transplantation during the 6-month postoperative follow-up. Facial capacity, depression, and static patterns of all subjects were well improved after one or two autologous fat transplantations. The average satisfaction score on fat transplantation for all the subjects was 8.47±0.43. The volume of facial fat tissues at 6 months after transplantation was significantly increased compared with that before operation (P < 0.05). The postoperative severity of facial wrinkles was significantly lower than before operation (P < 0.05). Only three subjects had complications within 6 months after transplantation, including one case of infection, one of liquefaction and one of fat embolism. V-Line liquid lift with structural fat grafting can effectively improve facial relaxation, sagging and other issues, with a good upgrade of facial rejuvenation effect.