Theta Oscillations Support Prefrontal-hippocampal Interactions in Sequential Working Memory / 神经科学通报·英文版

The prefrontal cortex and hippocampus may support sequential working memory beyond episodic memory and spatial navigation. This stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) study investigated how the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) interacts with the hippocampus in the online processing of sequential information. Twenty patients with epilepsy (eight women, age 27.6 ± 8.2 years) completed a line ordering task with SEEG recordings over the DLPFC and the hippocampus. Participants showed longer thinking times and more recall errors when asked to arrange random lines clockwise (random trials) than to maintain ordered lines (ordered trials) before recalling the orientation of a particular line. First, the ordering-related increase in thinking time and recall error was associated with a transient theta power increase in the hippocampus and a sustained theta power increase in the DLPFC (3-10 Hz). In particular, the hippocampal theta power increase correlated with the memory precision of line orientation. Second, theta phase coherences between the DLPFC and hippocampus were enhanced for ordering, especially for more precisely memorized lines. Third, the theta band DLPFC → hippocampus influence was selectively enhanced for ordering, especially for more precisely memorized lines. This study suggests that theta oscillations may support DLPFC-hippocampal interactions in the online processing of sequential information.

Functional Connectivity-Based Modelling Simulates Subject-Specific Network Spreading Effects of Focal Brain Stimulation / 神经科学通报·英文版

Neurostimulation remarkably alleviates the symptoms in a variety of brain disorders by modulating the brain-wide network. However, how brain-wide effects on the direct and indirect pathways evoked by focal neurostimulation elicit therapeutic effects in an individual patient is unknown. Understanding this remains crucial for advancing neural circuit-based guidance to optimize candidate patient screening, pre-surgical target selection, and post-surgical parameter tuning. To address this issue, we propose a functional brain connectome-based modeling approach that simulates the spreading effects of stimulating different brain regions and quantifies the rectification of abnormal network topology in silico. We validated these analyses by pinpointing nuclei in the basal ganglia circuits as top-ranked targets for 43 local patients with Parkinson's disease and 90 patients from a public database. Individual connectome-based analysis demonstrated that the globus pallidus was the best choice for 21.1% and the subthalamic nucleus for 19.5% of patients. Down-regulation of functional connectivity (up to 12%) at these prioritized targets optimally maximized the therapeutic effects. Notably, the priority rank of the subthalamic nucleus significantly correlated with motor symptom severity (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III) in the local cohort. These findings underscore the potential of neural network modeling for advancing personalized brain stimulation therapy, and warrant future experimental investigation to validate its clinical utility.

Neural mechanism and evaluation of decision-making function in obsessive-compulsive disorder / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic,disabling,mental disorder,which has been linked to significant abnormalities in certain brain areas,including the orbital frontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex.Neuroimaging studies have also shown that brain areas related to the decision-making function include the orbital frontal cortex and the dorsal prefrontal lobes.Furthermore,the association between OCD and decision-making function has been consistently demonstrated from a neurobiological perspective.Clinically,impaired decision-making ability is commonly observed in OCD patients,and there is a correlation between OCD and abnormal decision function.Decision-making tasks are typically divided into two types,decision-making under risk and decision-making under ambiguity,with the former commonly evaluated using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the latter using the Game of Dice Task (GDT).In this article the neural mechanism and evaluation methods of decision making in OCD were reviewed.

Effect of deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus on anxiety and depression of patients with Parkinson's disease / 临床神经病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of bilateral subthalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on anxiety and depression of patients with Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods Forty-one consecutive patients with refractory motor fluctuations and dyskinesia were assessed with Hoehn & Yahr scale, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Ⅲ (UPDRSⅢ), HADS, PD Questionnaire Chinese version (PDQ-39) a week before surgery and 12 months after the surgical procedure. Results The scores of UPDRSⅢ, HADS and PDQ-39 significantly increased after STN-DBS treatment (all P

Changes of Multiple Memories in Patients with Non-demented Parkinson Disease / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To study memory changes in patients with non-demented Parkinson disease(PD) without depression.Methods:The Nissen Version(serial reaction time task,SRTT) software(as a task of procedural learning),the WMS-CR and two tasks of implicit memory were applied in 16 PD patients(Hoehn-Yahr score I~Ⅱdegrees).Normal controls enrolled for the Nissen Version either.Results In the explicit WMS-CR and the implicit(word stem completion and degraded picture naming) tasks,the patients' scores fell within normal limits(Memory Quotient 97.1?10.6).In the SRTT,normal control group displayed significantly reduced response times(F=2.54,P=0.008) and error rates(3.2 ?0.9% to 6.8 ?2.7%,t=-2.08,P=0.045) across the blocks of repeated sequence trials.By contrast,PD patients only showed a reduction in error rates(4.7?2.0% to 3.7?1.8%,t=-2.15,P=0.038) but no change in response times.Conclusion:Impairment of nigrostriatal pathways selectively affects performance in visuo-motor learning tasks such as the SRTT,but not in the explicit tasks of WMS-CR and the implicit tasks such as word stem completion and degraded picture naming.