Obese with higher FNDC5/Irisin levels have a better metabolic profile, lower lipopolysaccharide levels and type 2 diabetes risk

ABSTRACT Objective: Thus, the aim of this study was to compare if higher or smaller fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin levels are associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers, caloric/macronutrient intake, physical fitness and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in obese middle-aged men, and also to correlate all variables analyzed with FNDC5/irisin. Subjects and methods: On the basis of a cluster study, middle-aged obese men (IMC: 31.01 ± 1.64 kg/m2) were divided into groups of higher and smaller levels of FNDC5/irisin. The levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL6, IL10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and sensibility, lipid profile, risk of T2DM development, body composition, rest energy expenditure, caloric/macronutrient intake and physical fitness were measured. Results: The higher FNDC5/ irisin group presented improved insulin sensibility (homeostasis model assessment - sensibility (HOMA-S) (p = 0.01) and QUICKI index (p < 0.01)), insulin (p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (p = 0.01), lower insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.01), triglycerides/glucose (TYG index) (p = 0.02), neck circumference (p = 0.02), risk of T2DM development (p = 0.02), tendency to decrease serum resistin (p = 0.08) and significant lower LPS levels (p = 0.02). Inverse correlations between FNDC5/irisin and body weight (r −0.46, p = 0.04), neck circumference (r −0.51, p = 0.02), free fat mass (r −0.49, p = 0.02), triglycerides (r −0.43, p = 0.05) and risk of developing T2DM (r −0.61, p = 0.04) were observed. Conclusions: These results suggest that higher FNDC5/irisin levels in obese middle-aged men are related to a better metabolic profile and lower risk of T2DM development and serum LPS, a potential inducer of insulin resistance.

Ciclismo Indoor como Modalidade de Exercício Físico em Programa Multidisciplinar para o Tratamento do Excesso de Peso em Adolescentes: Influência nos Parâmetros Antropométricos e Funcionais / Indoor Cycling as a Physical Exercise Modality in a Multidisciplinary Program for the Treatment of Overweight in Adolescents: Influence on Anthropometric and Functional Parameters

Os objetivos do presente estudo foram avaliar osefeitos de 24 semanas de um programa multidisciplinarcomposto por ciclismo indoor sobre parâmetrosantropométricos e funcionais de adolescentes com excessode peso, e o comportamento da frequência cardíaca destesindivíduos durante a prática desta modalidade. Material eMétodos: Participaram 34 adolescentes de ambos os sexos,com sobrepeso ou obesidade e idade entre 11 e 16 anos(13,20 ± 1,7). Mensuraram-se no início, três e seis meses dotratamento: peso (kg), estatura (cm), consumo de oxigêniodireto (VO2pico) em teste máximo em cicloergômetro e calculouseo índice de massa corporal (IMC). O CI prescrito teveintensidade progressiva (1º mês, 35 a 55%; 2º mês, 45 a65% e do 3º ao 6º mês, 55 a 75% da FCreserva), 3 x semana, 50minutos. Resultados: Nos três primeiros meses, a FCrepousodiminuiu significativamente (p<0,05) tanto nos meninos (81±9para 72±8 bpm) como nas meninas (81±11 para 74±9 bpm),no entanto o IMC diminuiu somente nos meninos (27,7± 1,7para 25,5±1,9 kg/m2, p<0,05). Os meninos aumentaram oVO2pico corrigido pela massa corporal (32,7±6,6 para 36,9±6,1kg.ml-1.min-1, p<0,05) dos três aos seis meses. Conclusão: OCI apresentou-se como uma alternativa nos EF sem asustentação do peso corporal, contribuindo para a diminuiçãodo IMC e aumento do VO2pico, principalmente nos meninos...

To evaluate the effects of 24 weeks of amultidisciplinary program consisting of indoor cycling onanthropometric and functional parameters of overweightadolescents, as well as the heart rate behavior of theseindividuals during the practice of this modality. Material andMethods: A total of 34 overweight and obese adolescents ofboth sexes aged between 11 and 16 years (13.20 ± 1.7)participated in this study. In the beginning of the treatmentand 3 and 6 months after that, the following elements weremeasured: weight (kg), height (cm) and direct peak oxygenuptake (VO2peak) in maximum exercise test in a cycloergometer;then, body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Indoor cycling(IC) sessions had progressive intensity and happened 3 timesa week, lasting 50 minutes. Results: In the first three months,the resting HR decreased significantly (p<0.05) in both boys(81±9 to 72±8 bpm) and girls (81±11 to 74±9 bpm). However,BMI decreased only in boys (7.7±1.7 to 25.5±1.9 kg/m2,p<0.05). The boys increased their VO2peak, corrected for bodymass, (32.7±6.6 to 36.9±6.1 kg.ml-1.min-1, p<0.05) from the 3rdto the 6th month. Conclusion: Indoor cycling has representedan alternative of physical exercise without sustaining bodyweight, contributing to the decrease of BMI and increase ofVO2peak, mainly in boys...