Erosion of the nocturnal boundary layer in the central Amazon during the dry season

In this study, the erosion of the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) was analyzed in the central Amazon during the dry season of 2014, using data from the GoAmazon 2014/5 Project and high-resolution model outputs (PArallelized Les Model - PALM). The dataset consisted of in situ (radiosonde) and remote sensing instruments measurements (Ceilometer, Lidar, Wind Profiler, microwave radiometer, and SODAR). The results showed that the NBL erosion occurred, on average, two hours after sunrise (06:00 local time), and the sensible heat flux provided more than 50% of the sensible heating necessary for the erosion process to occur. After the erosion, the convective phase developed quickly (175.2 m h-1). The measurements of the remote sensors showed that the Ceilometer, in general, presented satisfactory results in relation to the radiosondes for measuring the height of the planetary boundary layer. The PALM simulations represented well the NBL erosion, with a small underestimation (≈ 20 m) at the beginning of this phase. In the final phase of NBL erosion and in the initial stage of the development of the convective boundary layer (CBL), the model presented satisfactory results, with heights of CBL ranging from 800 m to 1,650 m, respectively. (AU)

Caracterização de infecções pulmonares no pós-operatório tardio de transplante renal: uma revisão integrativa / Characterization of pulmonary infections in the late postoperative period of kidney transplantation: an integrative review / Caracterización de infecciones pulmonares en el postoperatorio tardío de trasplante renal: una revisión integrativa

Objetivo: Caracterizar a natureza e frequência das infecções pulmonares em pacientes adultos pós-transplantados renais tardios. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de revisão bibliográfica nas seguintes bases de dados eletrônicas: PubMed, Scielo e Web of Science. Os critérios de elegibilidade do estudo foram: artigos publicados entre os anos de 2010 e 2015, nos idiomas inglês, português ou espanhol, do tipo: ensaios clínicos, randomizados ou não, estudos de caso-controle, estudos de coorte e estudos longitudinais em humanos. Foram excluídos os artigos cujos participantes da pesquisa fossem menores de 18 anos de idade, além dos artigos duplicados em mais de uma das bases de dados. As palavras-chave utilizadas e combinadas na pesquisa foram: pneumonia, infecção pulmonar, infecção, transplante renal, hospitalização. Resultados: Os agentes etiológicos mais incidentes são Pneumocystis jirovecii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis e Aspergillus fumigatus. As infecções pulmonares são devidas, em grande número, ao regime imunossupressor, tempo prolongado de hemodiálise, disfunção de enxerto e transmissão inter humana. Frequentemente, essas infecções evoluem com dispneia progressiva e insuficiência respiratória aguda, sendo necessária ventilação mecânica invasiva ou não invasiva. Conclusão: As evidências científicas apontam uma alta prevalência de infecções pulmonares nos pacientes transplantados renais.

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the nature and frequency of pulmonary infections in late post-kidney transplant adult recipients. Methods: A bibliographic review was conducted in the following electronic databases: PubMed, SciELO and Web of Science. The study eligibility criteria were articles published between the years 2010 and 2015, in English, Portuguese or Spanish, comprising clinical trials, randomized or not, case-control studies, cohort studies, and longitudinal studies in humans. Articles whose research subjects were aged under 18 years were excluded, as well as repeated articles, which appeared in more than one of the databases. The keywords used and combined in the research were: pneumonia, lung infection, infection, kidney transplantation, hospitalization. Results: The most common etiological agents are Pneumocystis jirovecii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Aspergillus fumigatus. Pulmonary infections are, in a large number, due to the immunosuppressive regimen, extensive length of time on hemodialysis, graft dysfunction and interhuman transmission. Often, such infections evolve with progressive dyspnea and acute respiratory failure, thus requiring invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: The evidences point out a high prevalence of pulmonary infections in kidney transplant recipients.

Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar la naturaleza y la frecuencia de las infecciones pulmonares de pacientes adultos pos trasplante renal tardío. Métodos: Se realizó um estudio de revisión bibliográfica en las siguientes bases de datos electrónicas: PubMed, Scielo y Web of Science. Los criterios de elegibilidad del estudio fueron: artículos publicados entre los años de 2010 y 2015 en los idiomas inglés, portugués o español, del tipo ensayos clínicos randomizados o no, estudios de casocontrol, estudios de cohorte y estudios longitudinales en humanos. Fueron excluidos los artículos cuyos los participantes de la investigación tenían menos de 18 años de edad, además de los artículos repetidos en más de una base de datos. Las palabrasclave utilizadas y asociadas en la investigación fueron: neumonía, infección pulmonar, infección, trasplante renal, hospitalización. Resultados: Los agentes etiológicos más incidentes son la Pneumocystis jirovecii, el Mycobacterium tuberculosis y el Aspergillus fumigatus. Las infecciones pulmonares son causadas, en su mayoría, por el régimen inmunosupresor, el largo tiempo de hemodiálisis, la disfunción del injerto y la trasmisión inter humanos. Esas infecciones evolucionan, con frecuencia, com disnea progresiva e insuficiencia respiratoria aguda y la necesidad de ventilación mecánica invasiva o no invasiva. Conclusión: Las evidencias científicas apuntan elevada prevalencia de infecciones pulmonares en los pacientes trasplantados renales.

Pênfigo foliáceo endêmico refratário na adolescência: sucesso terapêutico com imunoglobulina intravenosa / Refractory endemic pemphigus foliaceous in adolescence successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin

O Pênfigo Foliáceo Endêmico é doença bolhosa autoimune crônica da pele. Geralmente, o tratamento com prednisona tem excelente resposta, mas existem formas refratárias, sendo necessária terapêutica alternativa. Apresentamos paciente adolescente masculino, com diagnóstico clínico-patológico de pênfigo foliáceo, com forma clínica eritrodérmica grave e refratária a várias terapêuticas, que apresentou evolução satisfatória com imunoglobulina intravenosa. Destaca-se, neste relato, o fato de tratar-se de um paciente adolescente que obteve melhora clínica substancial com imunoglobulina intravenosa e remissão completa da doença, após o quarto ciclo da medicação, possibilitando redução da dose do corticoide e de seus efeitos colaterais.

Endemic Pemphigus Foliaceous is a chronic autoimmune bullous skin disease. Treatment with prednisone often produces excellent results, but resistant forms exist, requiring alternative therapy. Alternative treatments have been used in cases of corticosteroid-refractory pemphigus, showing favorable results. This case study focuses on an adolescent male with a clinical-pathological diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceous with a severe clinical form of erythrodermis, unresponsive to multiple therapies, but which showed a satisfactory outcome with intravenous immunoglobulin. In this case we highlight the fact that the patient was a teenager who showed substantial clinical improvement as the result of using intravenous immunoglobulin, followed by complete remission after the fourth cycle of medication, allowing reduced doses of steroids and a consequent reduction of side effects.

Desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Ophyra aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Muscidae) em diferentes dietas, sob condiçöes de laboratório / Post-embryonic development of Ophyra aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Muscidae), in different diets, under laboratory conditions

The performance of various diets (bovine meat, fish-sardine, shrimp, dog faeces, and banana) in Ophyra aenescens development was evaluated. The biology was studied in an incubator (BOD) at 27ñ1ºC and 80ñ10 per cent of RH. The development time from larvae to adult, the developmental time and viability of larvae and pupae, the weight of pupae as well as the sex ratio of the emerging adults were also determined. Beef and shrimp were the more efficient diets for rearing O. aenescens.