Uma década de cooperação técnica por meio dos Laboratórios de Inovação em Saúde / A decade of technical cooperation through health innovation laboratories / Una década de cooperación técnica a través de laboratorios de innovación en salud

Objetivo: Relatar os 10 anos da ferramenta de cooperação técnica desenvolvida pela Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde (OPAS/OMS) no Brasil, por meio dos Laboratórios de Inovação em Saúde (LIS). Métodos: Estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência. Resultados: A iniciativa identifica, sistematiza e divulga experiências inovadoras e bem-sucedidas pelos profissionais de saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Aborda temas sobre redes de atenção em saúde, atenção à saúde a populações em situação de vulnerabilidade, ampliação do acesso à atenção primária à saúde e, na edição mais recente, as contribuições da Enfermagem para o fortalecimento do SUS. A cooperação técnica é realizada em parceria com o Conselho Federal de Enfermagem, Ministério da Saúde, Conselho Nacional de Secretários de Saúde, entre outros. Conclusão: Além da disseminação de conhecimento, as experiências divulgadas têm um efeito de superação e motivação, tornando-se um reconhecimento da qualidade das equipes de saúde. (AU)

Objective: To report the 10 years of the technical cooperation tool developed by the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) in Brazil, through the Health Innovation Laboratories (LIS). Methods: Descriptive study of the experience report type. Results: The initiative identifies, systematizes and disseminates innovative and successful experiences practiced in the Unified Health System (SUS) by health professionals and addresses issues on health care networks, health care for populations in vulnerable situations, expansion of access to care primary health care and, in the most recent edition, focusing on the contributions of the Nursing category to the strengthening of the SUS. Technical cooperation is carried out in partnership with the Federal Council of Nursing, the Ministry of Health, the National Council of Health Secretaries, among others. Conclusion: In addition to the dissemination of knowledge, the experiences disseminated have an overcoming and motivational effect, becoming a recognition of the quality of healthcare teams. (AU)

Objetivo: Informar los 10 años de la herramienta de cooperación técnica desarrollada por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud (OPS / OMS) en Brasil, a través de los Laboratorios de Innovación en Salud (LIS). Métodos: Estudio descriptivo del tipo de relato de experiencia. Resultados: La iniciativa identifica, sistematiza y difunde experiencias innovadoras y exitosas practicadas en el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) por profesionales de la salud y aborda temas sobre redes de atención de salud, atención a poblaciones en situación de vulnerabilidad, ampliación del acceso a la atención primaria de salud y, en la edición más reciente, enfocada en los aportes de la categoría Enfermería al fortalecimiento del SUS. La cooperación técnica se realiza en alianza con el Consejo Federal de Enfermería, el Ministerio de Salud, el Consejo Nacional de Secretarios de Salud, entre otros. Conclusión: Además de la difusión del conocimiento, las experiencias difundidas tienen un efecto superador y motivador, convirtiéndose en un reconocimiento a la calidad de los equipos de salud. (AU)

Cardiac arrhythmias and Covid-19

ABSTRACT: Cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 include cardiac rhythm disturbances, whose mechanisms, incidence, and most common types are not well established in this population. Intense inflammatory response and metabolic activity contribute to recurrence of pre-existing arrhythmias, and other arrhythmias can occur due to myocardial injury, acute coronary insufficiency, and electrolyte disturbances. Brady- and tachyarrhythmias, as well as conduction disorders have been described. QT interval prolongation and fatal ventricular arrhythmias (Torsades de Pointes) may result from the pathological process or adverse effect of drugs (antiarrhythmics, chloroquine / hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and antivirals). Patients with congenital heart disease and hemodynamic repercussions, patients with signs of heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, cyanosis, hypoxemia, and those who underwent heart transplantation and immunosuppression are at greater risk. In patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), the risk depends on the presence of structural heart disease. In the course of COVID-19, in-person assessment of these patients should be limited to high-risk situations, including syncope, worsening of heart failure and shock delivery by ICDs. Likewise, cardiac implantable electronic device implantation or replacement surgery should be limited to emergency and urgent cases, including symptomatic high-degree atrioventricular block, ICD for secondary prevention and pulse generator replacement due to battery drain.

Analgesic and side effects of intravenous recombinant Phα1ß

Intrathecal injection of voltage-sensitive calcium channel blocker peptide toxins exerts analgesic effect in several animal models of pain. Upon intrathecal administration, recombinant Phα1ß exerts the same analgesic effects as the those of the native toxin. However, from a clinical perspective, the intrathecal administration limits the use of anesthetic drugs in patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the possible antinociceptive effect of intravenous recombinant Phα1ß in rat models of neuropathic pain, as well as its side effects on motor, cardiac (heart rate and blood pressure), and biochemical parameters. Methods: Male Wistar rats and male Balb-C mice were used in this study. Giotto Biotech® synthesized the recombinant version of Phα1ß using Escherichia coli expression. In rats, neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve and paclitaxel-induced acute and chronic pain. Mechanical sensitivity was evaluated using von Frey filaments. A radiotelemeter transmitter (TA11PA-C10; Data Sciences, St. Paul, MN, USA) was placed on the left carotid of mice for investigation of cardiovascular side effects. Locomotor activity data were evaluated using the open-field paradigm, and serum CKMB, TGO, TGP, LDH, lactate, creatinine, and urea levels were examined. Results: Intravenous administration of recombinant Phα1ß toxin induced analgesia for up to 4 h, with ED50 of 0.02 (0.01-0.03) mg/kg, and reached the maximal effect (Emax = 100% antinociception) at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg. No significant changes were observed in any of the evaluated motor, cardiac or biochemical parameters. Conclusion: Our data suggest that intravenous administration of recombinant Phα1ß may be feasible for drug-induced analgesia, without causing any severe side effects.(AU)

Analgesic and side effects of intravenous recombinant Ph alfa 1 beta

Background: Intrathecal injection of voltage-sensitive calcium channel blocker peptide toxins exerts analgesic effect in several animal models of pain. Upon intrathecal administration, recombinant Phα1β exerts the same analgesic effects as the those of the native toxin. However, from a clinical perspective, the intrathecal administration limits the use of anesthetic drugs in patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the possible antinociceptive effect of intravenous recombinant Phα1β in rat models of neuropathic pain, as well as its side effects on motor, cardiac (heart rate and blood pressure), and biochemical parameters. Methods: Male Wistar rats and male Balb-C mice were used in this study. Giotto Biotech® synthesized the recombinant version of Phα1β using Escherichia coli expression. In rats, neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve and paclitaxel-induced acute and chronic pain. Mechanical sensitivity was evaluated using von Frey filaments. A radiotelemeter transmitter (TA11PA-C10; Data Sciences, St. Paul, MN, USA) was placed on the left carotid of mice for investigation of cardiovascular side effects. Locomotor activity data were evaluated using the open-field paradigm, and serum CKMB, TGO, TGP, LDH, lactate, creatinine, and urea levels were examined. Results: Intravenous administration of recombinant Phα1β toxin induced analgesia for up to 4 h, with ED50 of 0.02 (0.01-0.03) mg/kg, and reached the maximal effect (Emax = 100% antinociception) at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg. No significant changes were observed in any of the evaluated motor, cardiac or biochemical parameters. Conclusion: Our data suggest that intravenous administration of recombinant Phα1β may be feasible for drug-induced analgesia, without causing any severe side effects.

Laboratórios de inovação em saúde: por uma Atenção Primária à Saúde forte no Distrito Federal, Brasil / Health Innovation Laboratories: towards strong Primary Health Care (PHC)in the Federal District of Brasilia

Resumo O artigo defende a APS como estratégia fundamental para a sustentabilidade do SUS, subsidiado em resultados sobre o impacto da APS nos indicadores de saúde e outras áreas. São apresentados os atributos e requisitos para uma APS Forte, defendidos por pesquisadores, formuladores de políticas e instituições, entre elas a Representação da OPAS/OMS no Brasil. O formato advogado é fruto de discussão realizada com trabalhadores, pesquisadores e gestores de saúde do país, reafirmando os compromissos da Declaração de Alma Ata. O artigo detalha a metodologia de Laboratórios de Inovação em Saúde, utilizada pela OPAS/OMS no Brasil para identificar e sistematizar experiências inovadoras em saúde, incluindo o acompanhamento do Projeto Brasília Saudável, da Secretaria de Saúde do DF, que vem apresentando importantes transformações no modelo de atenção à saúde, com ênfase na ampliação da cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família. O artigo resgata e analisa os trabalhos desenvolvidos pelo Laboratório de Inovação em APS Forte no DF até o momento e que serão sistematizados em Estudo de Caso. A iniciativa visa sensibilizar gestores e trabalhadores em saúde para a inovação em processos e políticas de saúde, sendo essencial para a sustentabilidade do SUS, privilegiando troca de conhecimentos entre pares sobre iniciativas adotadas na APS do Brasil.

Abstract This article emphasizes PHC as a fundamental strategy for the sustainability of the SUS, based on its impact on health indicators. The attributes and requirements for Robust PHC are based on statements from researchers, policy makers and institutions, including the PAHO/WHO Representation in Brazil. The model proposed is the result of discussions with workers, researchers and health managers in Brazil, endorsing the commitments outlined in the Alma Ata Declaration. The article details the methodology of Health Innovation Laboratories used by PAHO/WHO in Brazil to systematize knowledge generated by innovative health experiences, including the Healthy Brasilia Project, an ongoing activity run by the Health Department of the Federal District (DF) of Brasilia, which has made important changes in the healthcare model, with emphasis on the expansion of Family Health Strategy coverage. This article analyzes the results of the Innovation Laboratories in Robust PHC in the FD that will be consolidated in a Case Study. The initiative aims to raise awareness amongst managers and health workers about innovation in health processes and policies that are essential for the sustainability of theSUS, focusing on the exchange of knowledge between peers about relevant initiatives in PHCin Brazil.

Fisioterapia motora em pacientes adultos em terapia intensiva / Motor physiotherapy in intensive care adult patients

O objetivo desse estudo é realizar uma revisão da literatura abordando o tema fisioterapia motora para pacientes adultos em unidade de terapia intensiva. A busca de artigos científicos foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, MedLine (Literatura Internacional em Ciências e Saúde), LILACS (Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências e Saúde) e Cochrane entre 1995 e dezembro de 2008 utilizando as palavras-chaves: physical therapy, mobilization and intensive care unit. Para efeito de comparação foram selecionados estudos controlados, randomizados e prospectivos, abordando o tema fisioterapia motora para pacientes adultos em unidade de terapia intensiva. Estudos em pediatria, experimentais, revisões sistemáticas e metanálises foram excluídos. Dos 121 artigos encontrados, apenas 4 preencheram aos critérios de inclusão. Dentre estes, três artigos abordavam sobre a aplicação da fisioterapia motora precoce em pacientes com diagnósticos variados, mostrando que estes indivíduos saíram mais cedo da cama, deambularam em menos dias e tiveram um menor tempo de permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva e no hospital. Além disso, os pacientes que receberam fisioterapia motora precoce apresentaram um menor tempo de ventilação mecânica. Já o outro artigo compara a aplicação da eletroestimulação associada à fisioterapia em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, mostrando um aumento na força muscular e menor tempo para a transferência destes indivíduos da cama para a cadeira em relação aos que receberam apenas fisioterapia. Os riscos da imobilização em doentes críticos ventilados mecanicamente não são bem esclarecidos. Entretanto, é evidente que os sobreviventes apresentem fraqueza e fadiga persistente, prejudicando sua qualidade de vida. A mobilização precoce é uma área nova e com poucas evidências até o momento. No entanto, recentes estudos têm confirmado que a mobilização em pacientes ventilados mecanicamente é um procedimento seguro ...

This study aimed to review the literature addressing motor physical therapy for intensive care unit adult patients. A literature search was conducted in the databases, PubMed, MedLine (International Literature and Health), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences) and Cochrane between 1995 and December 2008 using the keywords: physical therapy, mobilization and intensive care unit. For comparison purposes we selected randomized controlled trials and prospective studies, addressing the subject motor physical therapy for intensive care unit adult patients. Pediatric and experimental studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis were excluded. Of the 121 articles identified, only 4 met the inclusion criteria. Among these, three focused early motor physical therapy in patients with a range of diagnoses, showing that these patients left the bed and walked earlier, and stayed shorter both in the intensive care unit and hospital. Furthermore, patients on early motor physical therapy had shorter mechanical ventilation duration. Another paper compares the use of electrical stimulation associated with physical therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, showing increased muscle strength and shorter time for these patients bed to chair transference as compared with those only receiving physiotherapy. The risks of immobilization in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients are not fully understood. However, it is clear that the survivors show impaired quality of life due to persistent weakness and fatigue. Early mobilization is a new area, with little evidence so far. However, recent studies have confirmed that mechanically ventilated patients mobilization is safe and feasible, reducing both the intensive care unit and hospital stay. However, more studies are warranted to identify the exercise type, duration, intensity and impact for of early motor therapy in specific groups of patients.

A interface da saúde mental na Atenção Básica / Mental health interface in primary care

Este estudo objetivou conhecer as ações de saúde mental desenvolvidas na atenção básica, bem como identificar como acontece essa integração em um município da Grande Florianópolis. Realizamos entrevistas com 20 profissionais integrantes de quatro equipes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. A partir da análise dos dados foram definidos dois eixos centrais com as respectivas categorias. O primeiro eixo - Assistência Psíquica ao Portador de Transtorno Mental na Atenção Básica - evidencia que a assistência em saúde mental privilegia a tendência terapêutica medicamentosa e a assistência especializada. O segundo eixo - Ação de Cuidado - aponta uma lenta mudança em relação ao modelo de atenção à saúde demonstrado na perspectiva da prática interdisciplinar, do acolhimento e do vínculo. Identificamos a partir deste estudo as inter-relações que essa ação exige, ficando evidente que não há limite claro que desmarque mudanças imediatas. Todavia, existem diferentes mecanismos que se ampliam a cada dia

Parasitoids of Ophyra aenescens (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Muscidae): fly of medical-sanitary importance collected in State of Goiás, Brazil

The objective of the study was to report the first occurrence of the parasitoid Brachymeria podagrica in pupae of Ophyra aenescens, a fly of medical-sanitary importance. Human feces was used as bait to collect the insects. In the study 20 pupae of Ophyra aenescens (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Muscidae) were obtained, of which 20 percent of the total yielded the parasitoid Brachymeria podagrica (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae)

First occurrence of parasitoid Hemencyrtus herbertii Ashmead {Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in pupae of Hemilucilia flavifacies Enderlein {Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Brazil

This study report first occurrence of parasitoid Hemencyrtus herbertii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in pupae of Hemiluciliaflavifacies Enderlein (Oiptera: Calliphoridae) in Brazil .The pupae were obtained by the flotation method. They were individuallyplaced in gelatin capsules until the emergence of the adult flies or their parasitoids. The overall prevalence of parasitism was 19,8%.

Parasitoids of synanthropic flies collected in bovine kidney in Itumbiara, State of Goiás, Brazil

Species of parasitoids associated with synanthropic flies were collected in bovine kidney, in Itumbiara, State of Goiás, from March 2001 to March 2002. The pupae were obtained by the flotation method. They were individually placed in gelatin capsulles until the adult flies os their parasitoids emerge. The overall prevalence of parasitism was 23.9 percent. The parasitoids Brachymeria podagrica, Nasonia vitripennis, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae, Paraganaspis egeria and Spalangia endius presented a parasitism prevalence of 7.0 percent, 12.4 percent, 3.5 percent, 0.5 percent and 0.6 percent, respectively.