JOB SATISFACTION AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

Teaching is a highly noble profession and teachers are always a boon to the society. The ultimate process of education could be simpli?ed as a meaningful interaction between the teacher and the taught. The teacher thus plays a direct and crucial role in moulding a pupil towards education. Since a teacher is a role model for the students, job satisfaction and professional commitment of teachers become very vital in the ?elds of education. Thus, the researcher felt the need to investigate the job satisfaction in relation to professional commitment of secondary school teachers. An attempt was made in the present investigation is Job Satisfaction Among Secondary School Teachers. To Aim: Objective: study the differences between gender (male & female) and management (government & private) on Job Satisfaction among secondary school teachers. Sample of the present study consists of 400 teachers in Hyderabad and Ranga Reddy Sample: districts of Telangana State. Job Satisfaction scale developed by Meera Dixit (1993) was used. Results Tool: Conclusion: revealed signi?cant differences between gender (male & female) and management (government & private) with regard to Job Satisfaction.

Collision tumor of ovary: a rare combination of dysgerminoma and serous cystadenocarcinoma.

Collision tumors of ovary are rare neoplasms and most commonly consist of a teratoma with mucinous tumor. Combination of papillary serous cystsdenocarcinoma and dysgerminoma was yet to be reported. A twenty years female patient presented with a large tumor of right ovary. Microscopically it was diagnosed as a collision tumor of ovary composed of dysgerminoma and serous cystadenocarcinoma. Mixed tumour can arise from divergent differentiation of a single type of stem cell. But components of collision tumor must arise from separate clones. Possibility of collision tumour should always kept in mind during assessment of difficult ovarian tumors to avoid diagnostic error. Key words: Collision tumor, dysgerminoma and serous cystadenocarcinoma.

Evaluation of Role of Ultra Sound Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology for Diagnosis of Ovarian Lesions with Particular References to Diagnostic Pitfalls.

Background: Ovarian lesions are quite common among females of all age groups. Ovarian cancers account for 6% of female malignancy. ULTRASONOGRAPHY(USG) can help in proper identification and categorization of these lesions. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) under USG guidance can be an effective modality for early diagnosis of ovarian masses. Aims And Objectives: To evaluate the role of USG guided FNAC over ovarian space occupying lesions (SOLs) for proper categorization into non-neoplastic, benign & malignant variants and to identify possible underlying causes of cytological misdiagnosis, if any, in comparison to histopathological diagnosis. Materials and Methods: FNAC under USG guidance were performed over one hundred and sixteen cases with radiologically proved ovarian SOLs during a period of five years. Aspirated materials were interpreted as non- neoplastic, benign or malignant lesions. Histopathological study was possible in 47 of these cases. Results: Out of 116 aspirations, non neoplastic, benign and malignant diagnosis were given in 51, 42 &23 cases, respectively. During histopathological correlation 41 out of 47 cases(87.2%) show exact cytohistological parity.Rest six cases with cytological misdiagnosis were discussed in detail. Conclusion: USG guided FNAC can effectively diagnose ovarian lesions in more than 87% cases. Scrutiny about failed diagnosis will help to improve accuracy in future.

A Study on Association of Serum Osteocalcin and Adiponectin with Diabetic Markers in Genetically High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Population.

Aims: In view of significant role of osteocalcin and adiponectin in the onset of insulin resistance and diabetes in rat model and cell line studies we aimed to study the influence of family history for diabetes on osteocalcin and adiponectin levels and their role in initiating the changes in diabetic markers in healthy adult springs of diabetic parents, thus a hypothesis can be drawn on their role in developing diabetes in high risk population. Methodology: Age between 18 to 22 years was selected and divided into three groups. Group I: control group consists (n=81) with no family history of diabetes. Group II: (n=147) with one of their parents with history of type 2 diabetes. Group III: (n=47) with both parents having history of type 2 diabetes. In all the groups we estimated fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, insulin and adiponectin and osteocalcin. Results: We observed significant lower levels of adiponectin 8.7 ± 1μg/ml in group-III and 9.5 ±1.3 μg/ml in group-II when compared to control 11.0 ± 1.2 μg/ml (p<0.01) and HOMA-IR in children of diabetic parents had a statistically significant correlation with plasma Adiponectin with Pearson’s coefficient -0.504. Through linear regression analysis parental diabetes influences plasma adiponectin p <0.01 (B -1.50, 95% CI -1.79 - -1.20) but not osteocalcin P>0.05 (B .313, 95% CI -.114 - .740) levels in children of diabetic parents. Conclusion: family history for diabetes does not influence osteocalcin levels but may influence adiponectin gene expression leading to a decrease in its plasma concentration, which might play a key role in developing diabetes in near future.

Growth Pattern and Prevalence of Underweight and Stunting Among Rural Adolescents.

Introduction: A cross-sectional study of 1094 (boys = 665; girls = 429) rural school children aged 11- 18 years of Midnapore Sadar North subdivision, Paschim Medinipur District, West Bengal, India, was undertaken to evaluate their growth pattern and nutritional status. Methodology: Anthropometric measurements including weight and height were measured following standard techniques. Underweight and stunting were used as indicators of nutritional status. Underweight and stunting were defined as weight-for-age (WAZ) and height-for-age (HAZ) <-2 z-scores, respectively, of the National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) guidelines. Results: Results revealed that boys were significantly heavier than girls from age 16 onwards; they were also significantly taller from age 14 years. The mean WAZ for boys and girls were -1.488 and -1.417, respectively. The corresponding mean values for HAZ were -1.317 and -1.486. The overall rates of underweight and stunting were 28.3% and 27.8%, respectively. The prevalence of underweight was significantly higher among boys (31.0%) than girls (24.2%). These rates for stunting were 27.4% and 28.4%, for the boys and girls. The rate of underweight and stunting was more in late adolescents (15-18 years) than early adolescents (11-14 years). In boys, the prevalence of stunting was significantly (1.5 times) more in late adolescents than early adolescents. According to the WHO classification for assessing severity of malnutrition, the rates of stunting were medium in both sexes. The rates of underweight were high and very high for girls and boys, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, present study provided evidence that the nutritional status of these adolescents were not satisfactory especially among late adolescents.

Nutritional status of Lodha children in a village of Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal.

Undernutrition among tribal children is a major public health problem in India. Our study attempted to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition among Lodha children of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal. A cross sectional study was conducted among 165 children aged 1-14 years in a village of Paschim Medinipur district during January to March 2008. Children were considered underweight, stunting and wasting following the NCHS standards. Overall the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was 33.9%, 26.1% and 19.4 %, respectively. Of these, 9.1%, 9.7% and 3.6% children were found to be severely underweight, stunted and wasted. Moreover, the prevalence of underweight and stunting was significantly higher in pre-school children compared to school going children. There is an urgent need for appropriate steps to be taken to improve nutritional status of children in this ethnic group.

Age variations in overweight men and women in rural areas of Hooghly District, West Bengal.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 598 men and women to investigate age and sex variations in the prevelence of overweight, obesity and hypertension among adult (>18 years) residents of Dearah, Hooghly District, West Bengal. Height, weight and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure mesurements were made on each subject. Prevelence of overweight was significantly higher among women. There existed significant age-group differences among men in the frequency of overweight and obese individuals. The overall (both sexes combined) prevelence of hypertension was 25.9%. There was significant age-group difference in the prevelence of hypertension. There was a consistent trend in increasing rates of hypertension as well as mean BMI, SBP, DBP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) with increasing age.

Effect of long term supplementation of tomatoes (cooked) on levels of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation rate, lipid profile and glycated haemoglobin in Type 2 diabetes mellitus / Efectos de la suplementación a largo plazo con tomates (cocidos) en los niveles de enzimas antioxidantes, el indice de peroxidación lipídica, el perfil lipídico, y la hemoglobina glicada en la diabetes de tipo 2

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the beneficial effect of tomatoes, which are a rich source of lycopene, a relatively new carotenoid known to play an important role in human health. In this study, the lipid peroxidation rate was investigated by estimating malondialdehyde (TBARS) levels of antioxidant enzymes like SOD, GSH-Px, GR, GSH, lipid profile, which includes total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, and glycated haemoglobin HbA1c in (n = 40) the Type 2 diabetic group (n = 40) and an age-matched control group (n = 50). Significantly lower levels of antioxidant enzymes and very high lipid peroxidation rate in the Type 2 diabetic group were observed when compared to controls (p 0.10). These findings suggest that tomato lycopene may have considerable therapeutic potential as an antioxidant but there was no significant lipid lowering effect in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar el efecto beneficioso del tomate como fuente rica en licopeno – un carotenoide relativamente nuevo, del cual se sabe que juega un importante papel en la salud humana. En este estudio, investigamos el índice de peroxidación lipídica, estimando los niveles MDA (TBARS) de las enzimas antioxidantes como SOD, GSH-Px, GR, GSH, el perfil lipídico, que incluye el colesterol total, los triglicéridos, los HDL, LDL, VLDL, y la hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) en (n = 40) en el grupo diabético tipo 2 (n = 40) y el grupo de control pareado por edad (n = 50). En este estudio, observamos niveles significativamente más bajos de enzimas antioxidantes e índices de peroxidación lipídica muy altos en el grupo diabético tipo 2, en comparación con el grupo control (p < 0.001). Asimismo observamos niveles significativamente más altos de perfil lipídico y hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) en el grupo diabético al comparársele con el grupo control (p < 0.001).

Chronic low dose exposure to hydrogen peroxide changes sensitivity of V79 cells to different damaging agents.

Chinese hamster V79 cells were repeatedly exposed to a low dose of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) over several weeks and then exposed to H2O2, cisplatin or ultraviolet (UV) light. Cell killing was examined by colony formation, following these treatments. It was seen that cells conditioned by multiple low doses of H2O2 showed resistance to killing in case of H2O2 and cisplatin but the sensitivity to UV light was same as the control cells. Apoptosis was also determined in these cells after the same treatments. UV light failed to induce apoptosis in both conditioned and in control cells, but in case of cells treated with H2O2 and with cisplatin, there was less apoptosis in the conditioned cells compared to the control cells. From our observation we can say that the enhanced survival of cells after treatment with H2O2 or cisplatin could be due to inhibition of apoptosis.

Confirmation Of Cytogenetic Diagnosis In Ph' Positive And Negative Cases By Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal bone marrow disease characteristics of CML is the presence of the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome which involves rearrangement of BCR-ABL genes as a result of reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. Cytogenetic analysis requires sufficient numbers of well-spread metaPhases, but, the recently described fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique can also be used on poorly spread metaPhases and on interPhase cells to identify the Ph1 chromosome. We have performed cytogenetic as well as FISH analyses using ber-abl probe to determine if 1) the two methods of analyses complement each other, and 2) FISH analysis is more sensitive in detecting the Ph1. Cytogenetic analysis on 23 patients with clinical diagnosis of CML, showed the presence of Ph1 chromosome in 15 patients, whereas 8 patients were Ph1 negative. Specimens from all the 23 patients were independently studied for the presence of Ph1 chromosome using FISH. A reliable correlation was seen between patients with Ph1 chromosome and hybrid signal in all the patients studied. In addition, 3 cytogenetically Ph1 negative patients showed significant numbers of cells with hybrid signal by FISH analysis. ber-abl hybrid was also seen in all the patients with Ph' + ve cells. These results underscore the significance of the FISH technique in identifying the ber/abl hybrids in cells from patients with normal karyotype and, therefore, has tremendous application in detecting minimal residual disease following chemotherapy or monitoring the persistence of leukemic cells after bone marrow transplantation.

Thermostable alpha-amylase production using Bacillus licheniformis NRRL B14368.

Maximum amount of extracellular alpha-amylase of B. licheniformis NRRL B14368 was obtained at the stationary phase. Highest yield of alpha-amylase was achieved with high level of crude protein and low carbohydrate level. There was a catabolite repression in the organism. Protease was produced concurrently with alpha-amylase. It was also observed that soyabean acts as an inhibitor of the protease. Optimum pH and temperature of alpha-amylase were 5-7 and 76 degrees C respectively. It was also observed that alpha-amylase production was a non-growth associated product. Maltose was an excellent inducer for alpha-amylase production. Ca2+ (0.01 M) increased the thermostability of the enzyme. Alpha-amylase purification studies were carried out by using isopropanol, acetone, ammonium sulphate solution, ion exchange chromatography. Acetone was found most suitable for the separation of alpha-amylase. Protein recovery and relative enzyme activity (as compared to that of the maximum activity of the crude enzyme) were 30.77% and 3.03 respectively.

Characterization of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae in sewage samples of Calcutta, India

1. It is widely accepted that foul or polluted environments are the principal sources of potentially pathogenic species of free-living amoebae. The present paper is the first report of occurrence of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae in sewage sample of Calcutta, India. 2. We describe the occurrence, isolation, specific identification and comaprative mouse pathogenicity test of two pathogenic amoebae, viz., Naegleria fowleri (N. aerobia) carter, 1970, causing human meningoencephalitis and Acanthamoeba castellanii Douglas, 1930, causing granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, and one non-pathogenic amoeba, viz., A astronyxis Ray and Hayes, 1959, in sewage samples of Calcuta, India. 3. The existence of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic amoebae living side by side is of considerable epidemiological relevance