Energy restriction and impact on indirect calorimetry and oxidative stress in cardiac tissue in rat.

Caloric restriction, defined as a reduction in calorie intake below ad libitum, without malnutrition can have beneficial effects. In this study, we evaluated the impact of caloric restriction of 30 and 60% on calorimetric parameters and oxidative stress in cardiac tissue in rats. Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 8): G1 = control; G2 = rats exposed to dietary restriction of 30%; and G3 = rats exposed to dietary restriction of 60%. Energy restriction decreased final body weight, oxidation of carbohydrates and lipid, oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), resting metabolic rate (RMR), but elevated respiratory quotient (RQ). G3 animals also displayed an imbalance in the oxidant/antioxidant system, as revealed by the decrease in the lipid hydroperoxide (LH) level and GSH-Px activity in heart tissue. In conclusion, dietary restriction decreased oxidative metabolism, as seen by the colorimetric profiles and controlled oxidative stress in cardiac tissue.

Evaluation of lipid profile and oxidative stress in STZ-induced rats treated with antioxidant vitamin

The present study investigated the effect of supplementation of vitamin E on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by measuring blood glucose, changes in body weight, food and water intake, lipid profile, serum urea and creatinine level, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control rats (GI); rats receiving vitamin E (GII); STZ-induced diabetic rats (GIII) and STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with vitamin E (GIV). Vitamin E reduced (p<0.05) blood glucose and urea, improved the lipid profile (decreased the serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and triacylglycerols, and increased HDL cholesterol) and increased total protein in STZ-induced diabetic rats (GIV). Vitamin prevented changes in the activity of SOD and GSH-Px and in the concentration of lipid hydroperoxide. These results suggested that vitamin E improved hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia while inhibiting the progression of oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Relação do ganho de peso, antes e durante a gravidez, com a macrossomia fetal em gestações complicadas pelo diabetes gestacional e hiperglicemia leve / Relationship of weight gain before and during pregnancy with fetal macrosomia in gestation complicated by diabetes and mild hyperglycemia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of pregnant women complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and mild hyperglycemia and associate them to the diagnosis of fetal macrosomia. We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study, where the curves were analyzed for weight gain of pregnant women who were diagnosed with diabetes or gestational mild hyperglycemia and received prenatal care in the service of Obstetrics at the Botucatu Medical School in 2005 and 2006. Half (49,51%) of the women were obese before the beginning of pregnancy, and Body Mass Index (BMI) before pregnancy was the only index that was related to the weight of the newborn at birth. The highest rate of overweight and obese women (adding up the two ratings) and a lower rate of low weight were detected by the Atalah's curve, whereas the curve recommended by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) revealed a higher percentage of women with weight gain below the recommended levels and a lower percentage of pregnant women in the range of appropriate-gain curve and the curve of the Latin American Centre for Perinatology (CLAP) detected a higher percentage of pregnant women with adequate weight and a lower percentage of women with obesityand overweight. The prevalence of macrosomia was 11.21% as compared with other populations of concern in the study. However, the pre-pregnancy weight and weight gain during pregnancy of the diabetic patients or patients suffering from mild hyperglycemia were above the recommended levels, and the pre-pregnancy weight affected the weight of the newborn at birth.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el estado nutricional de mujeres embarazadas complicado por diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) o hiperglucemia leve y asociar los con el diagnóstico de macrosomía fetal. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo, en el que se analizaron las curvas de ganancia de peso de las mujeres embarazadas que fueron diagnosticadas con diabetes o hiperglucemia gestacional leve y recibian atención prenatal en el servicio de Obstetricia de la Escuela de Medicina de Botucatu en 2005 y 2006. La mitad de las mujeres (49,51%) eran obesas antes del comienzo del embarazo, y el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) pregestacional fue el único que estaba relacionado con el peso del recién nacido. La curva de Atallah fue la que demostró la tasa más alta de mujeres con sobrepeso y obesas (suma de las dos clasificaciones) y menor tasa de peso bajo, ya la curva recomendada por el Instituto de Medicina (IOM), reveló mayor porcentaje de mujeres con aumento de peso abajo de los niveles recomendados y un menor porcentaje de gestantes en el rango de ganancia apropiada y el Centro Latinoamericano de Perinatología (CLAP) detectó un mayor porcentaje de mujeres embarazadas con peso adecuado y un menor porcentaje de mujeres con obesidad o sobrepeso. La prevalencia de macrosomía fue 11,21% en comparación con otras poblaciones de interés en el estudio. Sin embargo, el peso pregestacional y el aumento de peso durante el embarazo de gestantes diabéticas o portadoras de hiperglucemia leve están por sobre la recomendación siendo que el peso pregestacional influye en el peso del recién nacido.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o estado nutricional de gestantes que sofreram complicações pelo diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) e por hiperglicemia leve e associá-las ao diagnóstico de macrossomia fetal. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, onde foram analisadas as curvas de ganho de peso de gestantes que tinham o diagnóstico dediabetes gestacional ou hiperglicemia leve, que fizeram pré-natal no serviço de Obstetrícia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, nos anos de 2005 e 2006. Metade (49,51%) das gestantes apresentaram obesidade antes do início da gestação, e o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC)pré-gestacional foi o único que se relacionou com o peso do recém-nascido. A curva de Atalah foi a que detectou maior índice de gestantes obesas e sobrepeso (somando-se as duas classificações) e menor índice de baixo peso, já a curva recomendada pelo Instituto de Medicina (IOM) detectou maior porcentagem de gestantes com ganho de peso abaixo do recomendado e menor porcentagem de gestantes na faixa de ganho adequado e a curva do Centro Latino Americano de Perinatologia (CLAP), detectou maior porcentagem de gestantes com peso adequado e menor porcentagem de gestantes com obesidade/sobrepeso. A prevalência de macrossomia foi de 11,21%, dado preocupante comparado com outras populações em estudo. Contudo, o peso pré-gestacional e o ganho de peso durante a gestação das portadoras de diabetes ou de hiperglicemia leve apresentaram-se acima do recomendado, sendo que o peso pré-gestacional interferiu no peso do recém-nascido.