Measurement of testicular volume in Wistar rats using a caliper and ultrasonography in experimental surgery

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To compare the measurement of the testicular volume of Wistar rats using a caliper and ultrasonography. METHODS: Forty Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups. A tensile force of 1.6 Newton (N) and 1.0 N was applied to the right spermatic cord in group I and group II, respectively. Group III was the sham group, and group IV served as a control. The initial and final testicular volumes were measured using a caliper and ultrasonography and compared. A significance level of 5% was used. RESULTS: The Kappa coefficient was equal to 0.292 (p = 0.006). The Pearson correlation coefficient obtained for the percent reduction in the right testicular volume using ultrasonography and a caliper was equal to 0.696 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: There was reasonable agreement and a significant positive correlation between the percent reduction in the right testicular volume using ultrasonography and a caliper.

Effects of traction on the spermatic cord of rats

PURPOSE: To determine whether tension in the spermatic cord of rats causes lesions in the testis, epididymis or vas deferens. METHODS: Forty Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups. A traction force of 1.6 Newton (N) in group I and 1 N in group II was applied to the right spermatic cord. Group III was the sham, and group IV served as the control. RESULTS: Testicular lesions occurred on the right side in 66.7% of the rats and on the left side in 46.1% of the rats. The testes showed a decreased number of Sertoli cells, necrosis and a decreased number of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules. Anatomopathological changes in the vas deferens were not identified. There was no decrease in the thickness of the muscle wall of the vas deferens. In the right epididymis, 71.8% of the animals showed a reduction and 5% showed an absence of intraluminal sperm. In the left epididymis, 37.5% of the rats showed a reduction. The volume and the final testicular weight of the right side in group IV was different from those in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Anatomopathological lesions were found in the testis and epididymis. .

Imperfuração himenal: a importância do diagnóstico precoce / Imperforate hymen: the importance of early diagnosis

Relata-se um caso de imperfuração himenal diagnosticado na adolescência. Estabelece-se a importância do diagnóstico precoce. Informa-se que toda adolescente com amenorreia, dor abdominal, tumor palpável na região hipogástrica e com retenção urinária aguda pode ter o diagnóstico de imperfuração himenal. Reitera-se que o exame dagenitália externa deve ser feito de rotina.

The authors report a case of imperforate hymen diagnosed in adolescence. The importance of early diagnosis is established. The paper advises that all adolescents with amenorrhea, abdominal pain, palpable tumors in the hypogastric region and with acute urinary retention may have a diagnosis of imperforate hymen. It also reiterates that theexamination of the external genitalia should routinely be made.

Hidrocele abdominoescrotal em lactente / Abdominoscrotal hydrocele in infants

Os autores relatam um caso de hidrocele abdominoescrotal em um lactente. É forma rara de hidrocele, que ocorre em crianças e adultos. A causa não está esclarecida, e o diagnóstico é clínico. O tratamento dessa doença é cirúrgico e deve ser precoce a fim de evitar o aparecimento de complicações.

The authors report a case of abdominoescrotal hydrocele in an infant. It is a rare sort of hydrocele that occurs in children and adults. The cause is not clear and the diagnosis is clinical. The treatment of that disease is surgical and it should be early enough in order to avoid the appearance of complications.

Abreviações médicas em urologia e cirurgia pediátrica: um estudo comparativo de formações regulares com as existentes na linguagem médica / Medical abbreviations in pediatric urulogy and pediatric surgery: a comparative study on regular formations and current ones in the medical language

É comum o uso de abreviações em medicina. Contudo, numerosas formações existentes na linguagem médica são questionáveis por se desviarem das normas segundo o registro gramatical normativo. Como formas de redução, existem siglas, abreviaturas e símbolos. Como norma, as siglas são formadas pelo conjunto das letras iniciais dos nomes que compõem uma expressão e abreviatura formação feita com a primeira sílaba da palavra, seguida da consoante inicial da sílaba seguinte, seguida de ponto: art. (artigo), lab. (laboratório), lat. (latim), jul. (julho). Símbolos são abreviações desprovidas de ponto abreviativo e de indicação de plural. É comum a formação de siglas a abreviaturas com utilização das letras iniciais de componentes vocabulares como em ECG (eletrocardiograma), Hgb (hemoglobina), cça (criança). Os autores apresentam um breve glossário de reduções de termos médicos em que se comparam as formas regulares com as formas comumente usadas. Foram escolhidos textos de urologia pediátrica como exemplário específico. Conclui-se que, embora as formas existentes na linguagem médica sejam legítimas por seu amplo uso, convém observar as formações regulares para seu uso em relatos científicos formais sempre que for possível.

The usage of abbreviations in the medical language is very common. However, a plenty of formations existing in the medical language is questionable because they are off the norms as normative gramatical register. As reduction forms, there are sigles, abbreviations and symbols. As a rule, the sigles are formed by a conjuntion of inicial letters of the terms which make up an expression and the abbreviation is a formation made up with the first syllab of the word, which is followed by the first consonant of the next syllab and a period: art. (article), lab. (laboratory), lat. (latin), Jul. (July). Symbols are abbreviations without abbreviative period or plural indications. It is usual the formation of sigles and abbreviations with utilization of the inicial letters of vocabular compounds as in ECG (eletrocardiogram), Hgb (hemoglobin), cça (criança). The authors present a brief glossary of reductions of medical terms in which the regular forms are comproved ordinarilly used forms. Texts on pediatric urology were chosen as an especific exemplary. One conclude that, although the existing forms in the medical language are legitimate as to their wide usage, is convenient to observe the regular formations because of its usage in the cientific formal reports whenever it is possible.

Uraco patente com eversao de parede / Urachus patent eversion of wall

Os autores relatam dois casos de uraco patente com eversao de parede encaminhados a Clinica de Cirurgia Pediatrica no primeiro dia de vida com hipotese diagnostica de onfalocele. Revisam sumariamente a embriologia e as formas vestigiais do uraco, alertando sobre a importancia da investigacao de outras anomalias associadas. Assinalam, ainda, a necessidade do diagnostico e tratamento precoce chamando atencao para as patologias com as quais o diagnostico deferencial deve ser efetuado .