RESUMO
Cajui (Anacardium spp.) is a native fruit tree (small cashew) of the Brazilian Cerrado and possesses the potential for commercialization. However, cajui exploitation occurs exclusively through extractivism in the absence of conservation strategies. The lack of conservation strategies may lead to a decrease in genetic diversity of Anacardium. In this work, the genetic diversity and population structure of three natural populations in Sete Cidades National Park (PNSC; PI, Brazil) were assessed using ISSR analysis of 56 cajui accessions and two A. occidentale accessions (outgroup) from Pacajus (CE, Brazil). A total of 112 markers were obtained, 93 (83.04%) of which were polymorphic. The diversity indices of these populations indicated moderate levels of genetic diversity. According to AMOVA, 96.17% of the genetic variability lay within populations, with low genetic differentiation among populations (ΦST = 0.03828). Furthermore, STRUCTURE analysis indicated the existence of four connected genetic groups. The findings show that the individuals from the three collection sites did not represent different subpopulations, likely due to the high gene flow (Nm = 6.7) favored by the floral biology of Anacardium, pollinators and small-animal seed dispersers. This research identifies genetically divergent individuals (C-03, C-05, C-22, C-26, C-34 and C-39), which should be considered priority individuals for conservation and can inform conservation programs for Anacardium spp.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Anacardium , Brasil , PradariaRESUMO
Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata are widely distributed fruit flies that cause significant damageto fruit crops in tropical and temperate regions. The economic importance of these flies has resulted innumerous studies of their biology, with particular emphasis on their control and management. However,various aspects of the biology of these species are still poorly understood. In this work, we used scanningelectron microscopy (SEM) to examine the external anatomy and organization of the digestive system inthese two species. Adult males and females of A. fraterculus and females of C. capitata were dissected inphysiological saline solution, and the digestive tracts were removed and prepared for microscopy. SEMshowed that the crop was covered by a strong muscular layer that consisted of circular fibers connected bylongitudinal fibers; this arrangement was probably related to the post-feeding behavior of these flies in whichthe crop contents are regurgitated and reingested. The size of the rectum varied and was probably related tothe different body sizes of the two species.