The difference in biofilm molecular weight in Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans induced by sucrose and soy protein (glycine soja)

Context: Biofilms consist of microbial cells and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomtans are bacteria that can form biofilms and generate EPS. Biofilm formation can be induced by specific substances such as sucrose and protein. Aims: To identify the molecular weight that determines biofilm protein profile expression of S. mutans and A. actinomycetemcomitans induced by sucrose (carbohydrate) and soy protein (glycine soja). Settings and Design: Experimental laboratory study. Materials and Methods: Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to determine the molecular weight. Statistical Analysis Used: Nil. Results: The results of analysis of protein SDS-PAGE showed the presence of 28 protein bands on A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm in the media trypticase soy broth (TSB), 20 protein bands on biofilms of S. mutans in the media TSB, 29 protein bands on biofilm A. actinomycetemcomitans in the media brain heart infusion (BHI) + sucrose 2%, and 13 protein bands on biofilms of S. mutans in the media BHI + sucrose 2%. Conclusion: There are differences in biofilm protein profile expression that determine the molecular weight of S. mutans biofilm and A. actinomycetemcomitans induced by sucrose (carbohydrate) and soy protein (glycine soja).

TLR2 Signaling Pathway in Alveolar Bone Osteogenesis Induced by Aloe vera and Xenograft (XCB)

Abstract The aim of this study was to find the role of TLR2 signaling pathway in reducing osteoclast activity and promoting osteoblast growth by inducing a combination of Aloe vera and cancellous bovine xenograft (XCB) into dental extraction socket. Forty-eight Cavia cobayas were used. They were divided into eight groups (n=6). For control group, their mandibular incisors were extracted and filled with PEG. For treatment groups, they were extracted and filled with XCB, Aloe vera and the combination of Aloe vera and XCB. The first four groups were sacrificed after 7 days and the other groups after 30 days. Immunohistochemistry and histopathology examination were conducted to examine TLR2, TNFa, OPG, collagen-1, and the osteoblast and osteoclast expressions. The expressions of TLR2, OPG and Collagen-1, as well as the number of osteoblast were increased. Meanwhile, the expressions of TNFa and osteoclast were decreased. The study finding was that TLR2 signaling pathway influenced alveolar bone osteogenesis process by reducing osteoclast activity and stimulating osteoblast growth induced by the combination of Aloe vera and XCB.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o papel da via de sinalização de TLR2 na redução da atividade osteoclástica e na promoção do crescimento de osteoblastos, induzindo uma combinação de Aloe vera e enxerto de osso esponjoso bovino (EOEB) em alvéolo de extração dentária. Quarenta e oito Cavia cobayas foram utilizados e divididos em 8 grupos (n = 6). Para o grupo de controle, seus incisivos mandibulares foram extraídos e preenchidos com polietilenoglicol (PEG). Para grupos de tratamento, os dentes foram extraídos e preenchidos com EOEB, Aloe vera e a combinação de Aloe vera e EOEB. Os primeiros quatro grupos foram sacrificados após 7 dias e os outros grupos após 30 dias. As análises de imunohistoquímica e histopatologia foram realizada para examinar TLR2, TNFa OPG, colágeno-1 e as expressões de osteoblastos e osteoclastos. Houve maior expressão de TLR2, FGF2, OPG e colágeno-1, bem como maior número de osteoblastos. Enquanto isso, a expressão de TNFa e osteoclastos estava diminuída. O principal achado do estudo foi que a via de sinalização de TLR2 influenciou o processo de osteogênese do osso alveolar, reduzindo a atividade dos osteoclastos e estimulando o crescimento de osteoblastos induzido pela combinação de Aloe vera e EOEB.