The validity of rapid test to detect prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in seminal fluid.

Background: This study was conducted to determine whether the rapid test device can be used to detect PSA in seminal fluid specifically, for solving sexual assault cases. Methods: A cross sectional study has been conducted. A total of 45 samples were taken consecutively. Semen was diluted in serially up to 1:5.000.000 and male urin up to 1:200 using distilled water, whereas female urin was not diluted. Samples were analyzed using rapid test PSA. Results: The proportion of positive results of PSA in seminal fluid, male urin and female urin respectively was 100%, 6.67%, and 0%. Statistically, these differences are highly significant. The analysis revealed that the PSA rapid test device was 100% sensitive and 96.67% specific to detect seminal fluid. The test also have PPV 93.75%, NPV 100%, LR(+) 33.33, LR(-) 0, and AUC 0.983. Conclusion: PSA Rapid Test is very specific and sensitive to detect PSA in seminal fluid. Therefore, this device is suggested for forensic use in sexual assault cases.

Effects of an additional small group discussion to cognitive achievement and retention in basic principles of bioethics teaching methods.

Aim The place of ethics in undergraduate medical curricula is essential but the methods of teaching medical ethics did not show substantial changes. “Basic principles of bioethics” is the best knowledge to develop student’s reasoning analysis in medical ethics In this study, we investigate the effects of an additional small group discussion in basic principles of bioethics conventional lecture methods to cognitive achievement and retention. This study was a randomized controlled trial with parallel design. Cognitive scores of the basic principles of bioethics as a parameter was measured using basic principles of bioethics (Kaidah Dasar Bioetika, KDB) test. Both groups were attending conventional lectures, then the intervention group got an additional small group discussion. Result Conventional lectures with or without small group discussion significantly increased cognitive achievement of basic principles of bioethics (P= 0.001 and P= 0.000, respectively), and there were significant differences in cognitive achievement and retention between the 2 groups (P= 0.000 and P= 0.000, respectively). Conclusion Additional small group discussion method improved cognitive achievement and retention of basic principles of bioethics.