Descripción socioeconómica de trabajadores de reparto en motocicleta y su relación con las colisiones viales / Socioeconomic description of motorcycle delivery workers and their relation to road chashes

Introducción: La cadetería en motocicletas es una actividad frecuente en las grandes ciudades que presentan gran vulnerabilidad respecto a los accidentes de tránsito. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer las características sociodemográficas y laborales de los trabajadores de reparto en motocicleta. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico intencional. Se utilizó una encuesta heteroadministrada y los datos obtenidos se analizaron con software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 20). Para la georreferenciación del barrio de residencia y de la ubicación del accidente, se utilizó el software Sistema de Información Geográfica (ArcGIS). Resultados: fueron encuestados 104 cadetes. Se trató de una población joven y principalmente masculina (promedio 30,2 años). El 54,8% refirió ser jefe de familia, con 2,4 dependientes en promedio. El 69% protagonizó un accidente de tránsito en su vehículo mientras estaban trabajando. Se halló asociación estadística significativa entre la ocurrencia de accidentes y: tiempo que conduce una moto (p 0,042); forma de cobro por su trabajo como cadete (p 0,028); km recorridos por día (p 0,039); poseer algún factor de riesgo (p 0,027). Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos permitieron reflexionar acerca de las condiciones laborales de estos trabajadores, cuya realidad compleja condiciona sus posibilidades de inserción laboral y de seguridad vial.

delivery of products using motorcycles is a common activity in large cities. Delivery workers are greatly vulnerable to traffic accidents. The aim of this work is to understand the personal and occupational characteristics of delivery workers. Materials and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. An intentional non-probabilistic sampling was performed. A survey was used and the data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 20) software. Geographic Information System (ArcGIS) software was used for georeferencing neighborhood of residence and the location of the accident. Results: 104 delivery workers were surveyed. This was a young population and mostly male -30.2 years in average; 54.8% reported being head of the family, with 2.4 dependents on average; 69% were involved in an accident in their vehicle during their work. A statistically significant association between the occurrence of accidents and the time they have spent driving a motorcycle (p 0.042); the form of payment for their delivery work (p 0.028); the kilometers traveled per day (p 0.039); and the existence of any risk factors (p 0.027) was found. Conclusion: The results obtained allowed to reflect on the working conditions of these people, whose complex reality affects their chances of employment and road safety.

Análisis contextual - relacional del sujeto: Herramienta para la entrevista psiquiátrica / Contextual - relational analysis of a patient: Tool for the psychiatric interview

La entrevista médica es el momento en que se produce y reproduce en acto la Medicina. La evidencia muestra que existen limitaciones del modelo médico dominante. Es necesaria una reconfiguración de la práctica y de las herramientas que ayuden a un abordaje eficaz y accesible. Se presenta una herramienta práctica para la historia clínica que permita recolectar información mostrando la interacción con el sujeto, con las dimensiones contextuales y que acompañan al síntoma que presenta. Se desarrolló un instrumento a manera de esquema que permite incluir información relacionada tanto con cuestiones estáticas como dinámicas de las personas. Resulta una síntesis entre el genograma, el ecomapa y la Matriz de Procesos Críticos (Breilh, 2003). El esquema plantea una nueva herramienta que debe resultar en utilidad, practicidad y posibilidad de explorar nuevas dimensiones y debe convertirse en indispensable para el abordaje integral de la persona que consulta y su familia.

The interview is the most important for the overall assessment of a person suffering from a mental illness. The data relieved in the interview between subject and physician, will be key to start the diagnostic and therapeutic process. Even knowing its usefulness, psychiatric interview often reduced to explore the symptom, taking into account the use of qualifiers manuals as the only evaluative instance. The approach to the context of a subject and their social relations, in general, is relegated to other mental health professionals. This problem situation develops under the predominantly biological paradigm of modern Medicine. Evidence shows that there are limitations of the dominant medical model specifically in the way that the therapeutics forms are carried out. One of the hypothesis has to do with the actual diagnosis approach that presents limits when the professionals try to understand a person and its context. The main tools used in clinical practice are the genogram and ecomap, outline shaped structures that allow placing a lot of information that is easily recovered. The genogram shows family and relations between its members in a schematic way; and ecomap details the social activities of the subject and environments that are important in their daily lives. The daily use of these tools allows to evaluate some important aspects of the person, but have limitations since both are static, covering a limited set of dimensions of the patient's life and do not allow to reveal the cultural, social and family of the subject frames. In the literature there are not tools that improve instances of the two that have been presented, only the theoretical developments. A reconfiguration of practice and concomitantly of the tools to support effective and accessible approach is necesary. The aim of this article is to show a practical tool that shows information about the interaction of the subject with the contextual and relational dimensions. It is then necessary a pragmatic Context-Relational Analysis (CRA), which will allow to work in the clinical setting. CRA it explain if we understand that the context of the subject is where they conducts relations with other subjects, institutions, social groups; these relationships are conditioned in some way by this context, and in turn, this will provide conditions for the subject relates. The context of a subject is all that aspect concerning its active reality, that is, the culture in which he lives, political and economic conditions in effect; everything that defines a social structure. This context is providing ideas, images and actions that are building and rebuilding the life of that subject. Then we have the relational aspect, the dimension in which the subject constructs along with other subjects a common space. The ways of relating are specific to a place and a time, so when times changing also do it the modalities of formation of subjectivity. The relevance of this aspect of the psyche is so important that mental health is conceived as learning reality and the ability to maintain dialectical and transformative relationships that allow manage and resolve contradictions and internal conflicts of the individual and those of this with the social context. A synthesis of the genogram, ecomap and Critical Process Matrix (Breilh, 2003) is proposed like a tool in a scheme form that includes information related to both static and dynamic issues of people. The scheme proposes a new tool that should be practical and with the ability to explore new dimensions. This approach must become essential to the integral care to consulting person and his family especially in the psychiatric field.

Descripción de las internaciones en salud mental de una institución monovalente en la ciudad de Bahía Blanca, Argentina / Description of mental health hospitalization in a monovalent institution in te city of Bahía Blanca, Argentina

Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir el número de personas que utilizan el dispositivo hospitalario de guardia psiquiátrica e internación en el sector privado de la ciudad de Bahía Blanca en el periodo 2007 -2015. Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo cuantitativo observacional, con uso de fuentes primarias para la obtención de datos. Se analizaron en la Clínica Privada Bahiense (CPB): 1) registros de las internaciones en el periodo 2007-2015 ; 2) consultas por guardia de psiquiatría en el periodo 01/07/2014-31/05/2015;3) diagnósticos de internación psiquiátrica ocurridos durante en el periodo 01/07/2014 - 31/05/2015 y sus características. Durante este último periodo se realizaron 1154 consultas a la guardia de psiquiatría y 485 internaciones. El porcentaje total de re-internación fue del 20%, teniendo en cuenta que el total de internaciones fue de 485 personas. Respecto a las personas internadas, la relación hombre-mujer fue de 1:1,35 y respecto al número de internaciones la relación hombre-mujer se mantiene muy similar, siendo 1:1,28. El presente trabajo tiene las limitaciones propias de un trabajo retrospectivo. En cuanto a las fortalezas del presente estudio, se destaca la sistematización de los datos sobre las urgencias psiquiátricas y la frecuencia de internación del sector privado. Como conclusión se plantean los siguientes interrogantes: ¿Es posible la desmanicomializacion en nuestra ciudad?, ¿Dónde serán asistidas las 40 personas que se internan, en promedio por mes?, ¿Existen redes de apoyo y programa de contención para la persona con sufrimiento mental? ¿Se ha creado proyectos de reinserción social?

This article aims at describing the number of individuals who used the private psychiatric emergency service and hospitalization in the city of Bahía Blanca in 2007-2015. A descriptive-quantitative-observational study was performed using primary sources for data collection. The following documents were analyzed at Clínica Privada Bahiense (CPB): 1) 2007-2015 hospitalization records; 2) referrals to psychiatric emergency service from 01/07/2014 to 31/05/2015; 3) psychiatric hospitalization diagnosis from 01/07/2014 to 31/05/2015 as well as the characteristics thereof. During this last period,1154 patients were referred to the psychiatric emergency service and 485 were hospitalized. The total re-hospitalization percentage was 20%, taking into account that a total of 485 patients were hospitalized. With regard to the hospitalized patients, the male/female ratio was 1:1.35 and with regard to the number of hospitalizations the male/female ratio was similar: 1:1.28. This paper has the weaknesses inherent to a retrospective work. Regarding strengths, psychiatric emergency data systematization and private sector hospitalization frequency can be highlighted. As a conclusion, the following questions arise: Is it possible to eliminate mental houses in our city?, Where will the monthly average of 40 hospitalized patients be treated?, Are there support networks and contention programs for the people with mental suffering? Have social reinsertion projects been developed?

Controles colectivos de salud para niños: una experiencia en Villa Caracol, Bahía Blanca / Collective health checks for children: an experience in Villa Caracol, Bahía Blanca

Se presentan dificultades para lograr una cobertura efectiva de los controles de salud de los niños del barrio Villa Caracol de Bahía Blanca. El equipo de salud de la Unidad Sanitaria San Dionisio desarrolló un dispositivo denominado Controles Colectivos de Salud para Niños (CCSN). Los objetivos fueron reforzar el sentimiento de responsabilidad familiar respecto a la salud de los niños, realizar un tamizaje de niños que necesitaran un control de salud individual con urgencia y afianzar los espacios de vida personales con los que contaba cada sujeto. Se realizaron 5 jornadas de CCSN para niños de 2 a 14 años. Acudieron 101 niños, por lo que se logró una cobertura del 82,11%. Se obtuvo adherencia al dispositivo, en un espacio de recreación en el barrio, que a la vez se asoció con hábitos saludables, lo que concretó el sentimiento de responsabilidad familiar respecto a la salud de los niños.

The health team in the San Dionisio Health Center developed a device called Collective Health Checks for Children (CHCC) to minimize the difficulties arise for effective coverage of health checks of children in the neighborhood of Villa Caracol, Bahia Blanca. The objectives of the CHCC were to strengthen the sense of family responsibility for children's health, conduct a screening of children needing urgently health control and strengthen personal living spaces. There were five days of CHCC for children 2 to 14 year; 101 children were attended, achieving a coverage of 82.11%. Adhesion to the device was achieved in a recreational space in the neighborhood, which in turn was associated with healthy habits, specifying the sense of family responsibility for the health of children.