Translation and Linguistic Validation of Korean Version of Musical Background Questionnaire / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES@#The Musical Background Questionnaire (MBQ) has been developed to assess formal musical training and listening enjoyment. The aims of this study were to translate MBQ into Korean with subsequent linguistic validation and to evaluate the effectiveness of the Korean version of MBQ (K-MBQ).SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Between 2013 and 2014, a panel affiliated with the questionnaire committee of the Korean Audiological Society reconciled the first draft K-MBQ translated by a bilingual person. A separate bilingual translator, who had never seen the original MBQ, translated the draft K-MBQ back into English, and subsequently, the panel reviewed its equivalence to the original one. K-MBQ was administered to 29 adults (M:F=15:14; aged 21 to 76 years) for cognitive debriefing. Pure tone and speech audiometry were performed in all participants.@*RESULTS@#The translation of K-MBQ was completed through a multi-step process of forward translation, reconciliation, reverse translation, cognitive debriefing and proofreading. Thirteen (45%) of 29 subjects reported formal musical training, and 16 participants (55%) judged themselves as having no musical education and background. No significant correlation was found between musical background and hearing level, whereas self-perceived quality of music and self-perception of music elements quantified by K-MBQ were associated with hearing ability in terms of pure-tone and speech audiometry.@*CONCLUSION@#K-MBQ was translated and linguistically validated. The use of this questionnaire can provide further evaluation of musical background in patients with hearing loss or cochlear implant users.

Standardization for a Korean Version of the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale: Study of Validity and Reliability / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) was designed to measure self-reported auditory disability in a wide variety of listening situations. Its 49 items cover many aspects of speech perception, spatial hearing, and qualities of hearing, which constitute the three parts of SSQ. However, there has been no reliable and valid Korean version of SSQ (K-SSQ), which made the measurement of auditory disability difficult. The aim of this study is to develop a K-SSQ and to determine its reliability and validity for clinical or academic use. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: An expert panel translated the original SSQ into Korean. A bilingual translator back-translated the translated version into English, which was then compared with the original version. After cognitive debriefing, K-SSQ was administered to 400 patients with hearing disability in 14 referral hospitals. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and correlation study. Validity was evaluated by factor analysis and criterion validity based on the results of pure tone audiometry. RESULTS: K-SSQ showed good reliability with high internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.99), and strong positive correlations across all three parts of SSQ. Construct validity was confirmed by the results of factor analysis and criterion validity demonstrated positive correlations between each part of SSQ and the results of pure tone audiometry. CONCLUSION: The K-SSQ is a reliable and valid tool for use as a behavioral measure of hearing ability in Korean-speaking patients, and it will provide a very useful evaluation tool for both clinicians and researchers.

Standardization for a Korean Adaptation of the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids: Study of Validity and Reliability / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The evaluation of subjective outcomes of hearing aid fitting is of paramount importance along with audiometric improvement. The aim of this study was to develop a Korean adaptation of the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) and to determine its reliability and validity. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The translation of IOI-HA into the Korean version (K-IOI-HA) was completed through a process of forward translation, reconciliation, reverse translation and cognitive debriefing. K-IOI-HA was administered to 101 patients using hearing aids and visiting any the 10 referral hospitals. Reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and by test-retest analysis. Validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis and criterion validity based on the results of pure tone audiometry. RESULTS: K-IOI-HA showed a good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.83) and a high test-retest reliability (r=0.943, p<0.01). Validity checked by confirmatory factor analysis also showed good construct validity. CONCLUSION: The Korean version of IOI-HA is a reliable and valid tool for evaluating subjective outcomes of hearing aids.

Standardization for a Korean Version of Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study has been performed to determine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE), which has been adapted to the Korean population. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: For the Korean version of HHIE (K-HHIE), the processes of independent forward translation, backward translation and reconciliation were standardized using subjects older than 65 years old were recruited from the 10 referral-hospitals. Reliability and validity were evaluated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis and test-retest analysis. Hearing impairment was assessed using pure tone audiometry, and the result was used as the gold standard. RESULTS: The recruited K-HHIEs were 169. The reliability of K-HHIE, checked by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, was as high as 0.95. Scale-item correlation coefficient was even higher than 0.97, which shows very high reliability of K-HHIE. Test-retest reliability and the correlation coefficients of social/situational, emotional and total scores of K-HHIE were as high as 0.73, 0.82 and 0.78, respectively. The validity of K-HHIE, checked by confirmatory factor analysis, also showed good construct validity. There was high correlation between hearing level and the scores of K-HHIE, which is another indicative result of its high validity. CONCLUSION: We have developed and validated Korean version of HHIE, which has good reliability and validity. It seems to be suitable enough for clinical use and research studies in patients with hearing impairment.

Standardization for a Korean Version of Chronic Ear Survey: Translation and Verification of Validity and Reliability / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Chronic Ear Survey (CES) has been known to be a valid, disease-specific measure for the evaluation of health status and treatment effectiveness for chronic otitis media patients. As part of this study, we developed a Korean version by adapting from this CES, determined its reliability and validity. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The development of the Korean version of CES (K-CES) included the processes of standard independent translation and cross-cultural adaptation to check for cultural inconsistency. The finalized K-CES was administered to 166 patients visiting 10 referral hospitals in a prospective manner. K-CES was validated by using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis and test-retest analysis for reliability and validity. The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Instrument (SF-36) was assessed and the result was used to evaluate the criterion validity. RESULTS: The K-CES demonstrated good test-retest reliability and internal consistency (Cron-bach's alpha=0.850). Scale-item correlation coefficient was even higher than 1.0, which shows a very high reliability of K-CES. The validity of K-CES, checked by confirmatory factor analysis, also showed good construct validity. There was high correlation between SF-36 and the scores of K-CES, which indicates high criterion validity. CONCLUSION: We concluded that K-CES is a valid tool for clinical use and research studies in Korean patients with chronic otitis media.

Duration of Chemothrapy for Tuberculous Cervical Lymphadenitis: A Randomized Controlled Study on Six Months versus Twelve Months Chemotherapy / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis is one of the most common extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis. Foreign guidelines recommend a six-month short course chemotherapy for tuberculous peripheral lymphadenitis as an initial standard regimen. However, there have been some debates about the duration of chemotherapy in South Korea. The aim of this study is to determine the reasonable duration of chemotherapy for tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis in a randomized controlled study. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We analyzed clinical outcome of 80 patients with tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis treated at Korea University Medical Center from April 1998 to November 2001. All patients were randomized in two groups by treatment regimens. All patients were given antituberculous chemotherapy for 6 or 12 months, starting with isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), ethambutol (E) and pyrazinamide (P) for 2 months, then continuing with isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol for the remaining 4 months or 10 months, respectively. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients were given a 12-month regimen (2 HERZ/10 HRE), and 43 patients (91.5%) were cured. Thirty-three patients were given a 6-month regimen (2 HERZ/4 HRE), and 20 patients (60.6%) were cured. The cure rate of the 12-month regimen appeared significantly higher than that of the 6-month. In both groups, no recurrence was found during the follow up period up to 12 months. CONCLUSION: The 12-month regimen could be recommended as a reasonable chemotherapy regimen for tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis in South Korea. Single lymph node excisional biopsy is an important diagnostic method. but, it has no additional benefits of treatment.