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Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 65(3): 158-165, sep. 2015. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-780112

RESUMO

El objetivo fue identificar variables maternas predictoras del índice de masa corporal (IMC) del hijo. Se consideraron variables: a) socio-demográficas (edad, escolaridad, ocupación, estado marital e ingreso económico familiar), b) antropométricas (IMC) y c) estrategias de crianza (monitoreo y límites en alimentación, monitoreo y límites de conductas sedentarias, disciplina y control en alimentación). Se realizó un estudio correlacional predictivo con 537 diadas (madre-hijo). Los hijos inscritos en 4 escuelas públicas (2 de nivel pre-escolar y 2 de primaria) fueron seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio probabilístico. Las madres respondieron la Escala Estrategias de Crianza de Alimentación y Actividad, proporcionaron información socio demográfica y se midió peso y talla a cada diada. Los datos se analizaron por correlaciones y análisis de senderos. Se encontró que las madres tenían edad promedio de 34.25 años (DE=6.91), escolaridad 12.40 años (DE=3.36). El 53.3% refirió ser ama de casa y el 46.7% tener trabajo remunerado fuera del hogar. El 38.5% presentó pre-obesidad y el 27.3% algún grado de obesidad. La edad promedio del hijo fue 7.26 años (DE =2.46). El 3.2% presentó bajo peso, el 59.6% peso normal y el 37.2% sobrepeso-obesidad. Se encontró que trabajar fuera del hogar, tener mayor IMC materno, menor control y mayor disciplina en la alimentación son variables predictoras de mayor IMC del hijo. Se recomienda diseñar intervenciones para reducir y tratar el sobrepeso-obesidad infantil considerando los predictores encontrados.


The objective was to identify maternal variables that could be used as predictors of the child’s body mass index (BMI). We considered the following variables: a) socio-demographic (age, education, occupation, marital status and family income); b) anthropometric (BMI); and c) upbringing strategies (monitoring and limits for eating habits, monitoring and sedentary behavior limits, discipline and control in feeding. A predictive correlational study was carried out with 537 dyads (motherchild). Children enrolled in 4 public schools (2 for pre-school children and 2 for primary school children) were selected for probabilistic, random sampling. The mothers answered the Feeding and Activity Upbringing Strategies Scale, giving socio-demographic information and the dyads’ weight and height was measured. The data were analyzed for correlations and path analysis. It was found that the average age of mothers was 34.25 years (SD=6.91), with 12.40 years of education (SD=3.36), 53.3% mentioned that they were housewives and 46.7% had a paid job outside of the home; 38.5% showed pre-OB and 27.3% some degree of OB. The child’s average age was 7.26 years (SD=2.46), and 3.2% showed low weight, 59.6% normal weight and 37.2% OW-OB. It was found that working outside the home, having a higher maternal BMI, less control and more discipline in feeding are variables that predict higher BMI in the child. We recommend the design of interventions to reduce and treat the child’s OW-OB taking into account the predictors that were found.


Assuntos
Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Índice de Massa Corporal , Obesidade/etiologia , Peso Corporal , Comportamento Alimentar , Relações Mãe-Filho , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários
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