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Background: In developing countries the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women averages 60% resulting in varying levels of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Iron, Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies, malaria, intestinal parasitic infections and hemoglobinopathies are the principal causes of anemia in pregnancy. Above nutritional requirements increase during pregnancy and if it is not maintained, may result in adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The aim of this study was to study the prevalence of anemia in pregnant mothers, study the clinical patterns of anemia in pregnancy and to study the histopathological patterns of anemia during pregnancy.Methods: This is a prospective study done on 60 pregnant women whose hemoglobin level is less than 10.9 gm/dL. Blood samples were taken, and peripheral blood smears were examined along with their complete clinical and obstetric history.Results: Out of 60 cases of anemia, 40% were found to have dimorphic anemia, 30% with microscopic hypochromic anemia, 20% of patients have normocytic hypochromic anemia, 1.7% had sickle-cell anemia and 8.3% of patients were thalassemia cases. The risk factors for anemia in this study is noted to be low social economic status, occurrence of complications during previous pregnancy and multiparty. In this study anemia was more commonly found in the multigravida women and in the third trimester of pregnancy.Conclusions: With improved social economic conditions, early detection, good antenatal care, awareness regarding available treatment, a healthy diet, routine antenatal counselling and adequate iron supplementation, anemia in pregnancy can be avoided.
RESUMO
Background: Childbirth has a profound influence in a women’s life. One factor that has been more consistently identified as influencing the women’s physical and psychological symptoms following childbirth is the mode of birth. This study aims at figuring out on women’s satisfaction with their mode of delivery and what difficulties they faced in the immediate postnatal period accordingly.Methods: All women who delivered between the period 1st July 2019 to 1st August 2019 were interviewed with a pretested semi structured questionnaire on postnatal day two. Patient was asked how much they were satisfied with their mode of delivery, immediate postnatal adjustments like ambulation, holding the baby first time, initiation of breastfeeding and pain score following different modes of delivery. The data was analysed to find out which mode of delivery made women more comfortable in the immediate postnatal period.Results: A total 97.1% women were satisfied with the support they got from health care professionals during labour. But when compared, spontaneous vaginal delivery group were satisfied with their mode of delivery (P-value-0.0005 highly significant) than the rest. Women who had vaginal delivery were ahead of caesarean group in terms of ambulation, holding the baby, initiation of breastfeeding and were well adjusted in their postnatal period.Conclusions: Authors conclude that women in our study were more satisfied with spontaneous vaginal delivery than caesarean section which was reflected in their immediate postnatal adjustments. As obstetricians’ authors need to understand the empowering effects of the psychological experience of vaginal delivery. The benefits of this process can be maximized through good communication skills and emotional support for women, enhancing their confidence to deliver normally so that caesarean section is done only when really indicated.
RESUMO
Fallopian tube prolapse into the vaginal vault is a very complication of hysterectomy where the adnexa is preserved. The overall occurrence after all routes of hysterectomy is 0.01-0.05%. Several factors have been suggested to contribute to the condition such as vault hematoma, improper closure of vault, early resumption of sexual activity. Due to the misdiagnosis, there is often delay in the diagnosis and its management. The only means of definitive diagnosis is histopathology. A 30-year-old P2l2 presented to us after 3 years of post-hysterectomy with abdominal pain and bleeding pv on and off. On examination prolapsed fallopian tube was found in the vaginal vault on speculum. Biopsy was done in the outside hospital and was confirmed to be the tube. Patient underwent combined laparoscopic and vaginal method. Vaginal excision of the tube was done. Prevention by prophylactic salpingectomy and by suturing the adnexa high up in the pelvis in abdominal hysterectomy.