Effect of Spacing and Biofertilizer on Growth and Yield of Greengram (Vigna radiata)

The present investigation entitled “Effect of spacing and biofertilizer on growth and yield of greengram (Vigna radiata)”, was conducted during the Kharif season of 2022 at the Crop Research Farm of the Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. The experiment with nine treatments and three replications was laid down in factorial randomized block design. The results showed that pre harvest observations like plant height (42.04cm), dry weight (6.79 g), number of branches (6.18) of plant were higher in T3 i.e. Application of Rhizobium and PSB along with the spacing of 30x10 cm, Number of nodules per plant (6.62) was higher in treatment 2 i.e. Application of PSB along with the spacing of 30x10 cm and the value of the treatment. Post-harvest data indicated that the number of pods/plant (23.74), number of seeds/pod (7.72), test weight (41.30 g), seed yield (1.69 t/ha), biological yield (5.61 t/ha), stover yield (3.83 t/ha) and harvest index (33.37%) were higher in treatment 3 i.e. Application of Rhizobium and PSB along with the spacing of 30x10 cm. The maximum cost of production and gross return was recorded higher under treatment 3 i.e. Application of Rhizobium and PSB along with the spacing of 30x10 cm is INR. 36500/ha and INR. 88500/ha, respectively. The net return (INR. 12500/ha) and B:C Ratio (2:4) was recorded higher under treatment 3 i.e. Application of Rhizobium and PSB along with the spacing of 30x10 cm.

Response of Zinc and Foliar Spray of Boron on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season (2022) at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (UP). The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly natural in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.28 6), available N (225 kg/ha), available P (19.50 kg/ha) and available K (213.7 kg/ha). The Treatments consisted of 3 levels of each micro-nutrients having boron (B 1-0.25%), (B 2- 0.5%) (B 3-0.75%) and Zinc (Zn 1-3 kg/ha), (Zn 2-5 kg/ha) and (Zn 3-7 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 9 treatments with three replication each. The treatments combinations are T1: Zinc at 3 kg/ha + Boron at 0.25%, T2: Zinc at 3 kg/ha + Boron at 0.5%, T3: Zinc at 3 kg/ha + Boron at 0.75%, T4: Zinc at 5 kg/ha + Boron at 0.25%, T5: Zinc at 5 kg/ha + Boron at 0.5%, T6: Zinc at 5 kg/ha + Boron at 0.75%, T7: Zinc at 7 kg/ha + Boron at 0.25%, T8: Zinc at 7 kg/ha + Boron at 0.5%, T9: Zinc at 7 kg/ha + Boron at 0.75%, T10: Control (RDF- 20:60:20 kg/ha) are used. Application of Zinc in combination with Boron 0.75% recorded significantly higher in plant height (55.21 cm), No. of nodules/plant (62.16), plant dry weight (22.13 g) and higher yield attribute namely No. of pods/plant (33.21), No. of seeds/pod (1.30), seed yield (3.09 t/ha) and stover yield (4.55 t/ha). Maximum B:C ratio (2.38) was also recorded in same treatment, treatment no. T9 (Zinc + Boron 0.75%) in chickpea crop.

Influence of Boron and Molybdenum on Growth, Yield and Economics of Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer kabulium L.)

A Field experiment titled “Influence of Boron and Molybdenum on growth, yield and economics of Kabuli chickpea (Cicer kabulium L.)” was conducted during Rabi 2022-2023 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.4), low in organic carbon (0.58%), available N (225 kg/ha), available P (32.30 kg/ha) and available K (350 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments each replicated thrice. The result showed that growth parameters of Kabuli Chickpea viz., Higher plant height (68.49 cm), dry weight (24.34 g), number of nodules per plant (41.03) and the yield attributes namely pods per plant (14.29), seeds per pod (2.00), seed yield (3.29 t/ha), stover yield (3.36 t/ha) and harvest index (43.80%) were recorded significantly higher with application of treatment 9 Boron 2 kg/ha + Molybdenum 1.5 kg/ha. The higher net returns (122,782 INR/ha), gross return (165,977 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (2.84) was recorded with application of Boron 2 kg/ha + Molybdenum 1.5 kg/ha.

Influence of Nitrogen and Foliar Application of Nano Zinc on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

The field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of Phosphorus and Iron on growth and yield of Wheatduring Rabi2023 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P). Totally there were ten treatments which were replicated thrice along with control plot. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design. Results that observed that Significant and higher plant height (91.47 cm), number of tillers / hill (7.60), plant dry weight (25.31 g), number of effective tillers/hill (6.00), grains/spike (49.80), test weight (43.40g), grain yield (5.90 t/ha) and straw yield (7.02 t/ha) and also maximum Gross returns (1,15,460.00INR/ha), Net returns (79,447.00INR/ha) and Benefit cost ratio (2.21) was also recorded in treatment 6 (Nitrogen 125% + Nano zinc 4ml).

Effect of Organic Manure on Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties

The field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2022, at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments and three replications viz. T1: Radhey + Panchgavya 3%, T2: Radhya + vermicompost 2.5 t/ha, T3: Radhya + Panchgavya 3% + Vermicompost 2.5 t/ha , T4: Pragati + Panchagavya 3%, T5: Pragati +Vermicompost 2.5 t/ha, T6: Pragati + Panchagavya 3% + Vermicompost 2.5 t/ha, T7: Avrodhi + Panchgavya 3%, T8: Avrodhi + Vermicompost 2.5 t/ha, T9: Avrodhi + Panchgavya 3% + Vermicompost 2.5 t/ha and T10: Control: 100% RDF. The results of the experiment obtained that application of Panchgavya and Vermicompost along on the Pragati variety significantly increased the growth parameters viz. plant height (58.24 cm), number of nodules (62.60), plant dry weight (65.60 g/plant) and yield parameters viz. number of pods per plant (35.05), seed index (22.71 g), seed yield (3.41 t/ha) and stover yield (4.83t/ha). This treatment also showed higher gross returns (1,70,500 INR/ha), higher net returns (1,15,102 INR/ha) and B:C (2.08).

Effect of Phosphorus Levels on Growth and Yield of Maize Hybrids

A field experiment was conducted at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during Rabi season 2022 on Maize crop. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments and three replication. The treatment consisted of Maize hybrids (Govinda 111, Hybrid corn 4226, DKC 9133) with soil application of phosphorus (40 kg/ha, 60 kg/ha and 80 kg/ha) and a control (120:60:40 kg NPK/ha). The results of the experiment showed that, plant height (125.65 cm), dry weight (96.59 g/plant), crop growth rate (39.91 g/m2/day), No. of cob/plant (1.33), No. of grains/row (21.36), seed index (23.44 g), grain yield (5.90 t/ha) and stover yield (9.91 t/ha) and harvest index (37.12%) were significantly highest recorded in ‘Hybrid DKC 9133’ with the application of phosphorus 80 kg/ha. Maximum gross returns (1,32,865.00 INR/ha), net returns (89,392.55 INR/ha), and B:C (2.06) were also obtained with the same treatment.

Productivity of Sesame on Growth and Yield as Influence by Plant Spacing and Weed Management Practices

Field experiment was conducted during zaid-2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India, to investigate on the productivity of sesame on growth and yield as influence by plant spacing and weed management practices. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%). The treatments consist of three levels of spacing 20 x 10cm, 30 x 10 cm, and 40 x 10 cm and three types of weed managements (Two hand weeding at 21 and 42DAS, Pendimethalin 0.7 5kg/ha at 1 DAS + one hand weeding at 21 DAS, and + Quizalofop ethyl 0.05 kg/ha on 25 DAS + one hand weeding at 42 DAS).The experiment was laidout in randomized complete block design with nine treatments each replicated three times. The results obtained indicated that the higher plant height (129.99 cm), higher number of branches (3.77), higher plant dry weight (15.63 g/plant), higher crop growth rate (12.13 g/m2/day) higher number of capsules/plant (31.91), higher number of seeds/ capsules (47.48), higher test weight (3.48 gm), higher seed yield (1177.07 kg/ha) and higher stalk yield (1610.41 kg/ha) were significantly influenced at a plant spacing of 40 x 10 cm along with the application of Quizalofop ethyl @0.05 kg/ha on 25 DAS + one hand weeding at 42 DAS. However higher gross return (92,164.84 INR/ha), higher net return (65,840.84 INR/ha) and higher B:Cratio (2.50) were also recorded in treatment-9 at a spacing of 40 x 10 cm along with the application of Quizalofop ethyl @0.05 kg/ha on 25 DAS + one hand weeding at 42 DAS.

Effect of Priming of Micronutrients on Growth and Yield of Linseed

The field study took place in rabi season 2022 at the CRF, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higgin bottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.). To ascertain the “Effect of Priming of Micronutrients on Growth and Yield of Linseed.” The soil of experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments which are replicated thrice. The treatment combinations are T1: Iron Sulphate 2500 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 3000 ppm T2: Iron Sulphate 2500 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 4000 ppm T3: Iron Sulphate 2500 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 4500 ppm T4: Iron Sulphate 3000 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 3000 ppm T5: Iron Sulphate 3000 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 4000 ppm T6: Iron Sulphate 3000 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 4500 ppm T7: Iron Sulphate 3500 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 3000 ppm T8: Iron Sulphate 3500 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 4000 ppm T9: Iron Sulphate 3500 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 4500 ppm T10: Control (N:P:K-60:40:30 Kg/ha) are used. Results obtained that the higher plant height (55.68 cm), plant dry weight (21.73 g/plant), number of branches (9.44), number of pods/plant (54.61), number of seeds/pod (7.92), test weight (8.57g), seed yield (10.23 q/ha) and stover yield (17.41 q/ha) were significantly influenced with application of Iron Sulphate 3500 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 4500 ppm. Higher gross return (1,07,800.00 INR/ha), net return (71,766.00 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (1.99) were also recorded in treatment-9 (Iron Sulphate 3500 ppm + Ammonium Molybdenum 4500 ppm).

Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Lentil

A field experiment titled “Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Lentil” was conducted during Rabi season of 2022-23 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. To study the Response of Nitrogen and zinc on growth and yield of Lentil. The treatment combinations are T1: Nitrogen 10 kg/ha+ Zinc 8.0 kg/ha, T2: Nitrogen 10 kg/ha + Zinc 10 kg/ha, T3: Nitrogen 10 kg/ha + Zinc 12 kg/ha, T4: Nitrogen 20 kg/ha + Zinc 8.0 kg/ha, T5: Nitrogen 20 kg/ha + Zinc 10 kg/ha, T6: Nitrogen 20 kg/ha + Zinc 12 kg/ha, T7: Nitrogen 30 kg/ha + Zinc 8.0 kg/ha, T8: Nitrogen 30 kg/ha + Zinc 10 kg/ha, T9: Nitrogen 30 kg/ha + Zinc 12 kg/ha, T10: Control (RDF: 20:40:20 kg/ha) are used. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%). Results obtained that the higher plant height (34.01 cm), higher number of nodules (9.20), higher plant dry weight (14.73 g/plant), higher number of pods/plant (153.60), higher number of seeds/pod (1.87), higher 1000 seed weight (21.51 g), higher seed yield (1.61 t/ha) and higher stover yield (3.13 t/ha) were significantly influenced with application of Nitrogen 30 kg/ha + Zinc 12 kg/ha. Higher gross return (INR 96,480/ha), higher net return (INR 64,094/ha) and higher B:C ratio (2.98) were also recorded in treatment 9 (Nitrogen 30 kg/ha + Zinc 12 kg/ha).

Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen and Seed Treatment on Growth and Yield of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Zaid 2023 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) to determine the “Effect of Different levels of Nitrogen and Seed treatment on growth and yield of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.)”. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.62%), available nitrogen (225 kg/ha), available phosphorus (38.2 kg/ha) and available potassium (240.7 kg/ha). The treatments consisted of three levels of [Nitrogen 40 kg/ha, 50 kg/ha, 60kg/ha] and three types of Bio-fertilizers [Azospirillum 2 g/kg, Pseudomonas fluorescens 6 g/kg, Azotobacter 3 g/kg] as seed treatment, whose effect is observed in finger millet. The results revealed that the treatment with application of Nitrogen 60 kg/ha + Azospirillum 2 g/kg recorded higher plant height (86.27 cm), number of tillers/plant (8.67/plant), plant dry weight (23.41 g/plant), higher test weight (2.92 g), number of fingers/plant (5.67), number of ear heads/plant (3.32), number of grains/fingers (114.14), grain yield (2,635.65 kg/ha), straw yield (4,883.10 kg/ha) and Harvest index (35.05%).The economics viz., maximum gross returns (1,05,426.00 INR/ha), net returns (67,577.00 INR/ha) and B:C (1.78) was also recorded in treatment 7 [Nitrogen 60 kg/ha + Azospirillum 2 g/kg] as compared to other treatments.

Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Cowpea

The field trail titled “Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc on growth and yield of Cowpea” was conducted during Zaid, 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agriculture institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. The soil of experimental field was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in a soil reaction (pH 7.8) low in organic carbon (0.62), available nitogen (225 kg/ha), available phosphorus (38.2 kg/ha) and available potassium (240.7 kg/ha). The experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments each replicated thrice. The treatments combination are T1: N-20 kg/ha + Zn-10 kg/ha, T2: N-20 kg/ha + Zn-20 kg/ha, T3: N-20 kg/ha + Zn-30 kg/ha, T4: N-30 kg/ha + Zn-10 kg/ha, T5: N-30 kg/ha + Zn-20 kg/ha, T6: N-30 kg/ha + Zn-30 kg/ha, T7: N-40 kg/ha + Zn- 10 kg/ha, T8: N-40 kg/ha + Zn-20 kg/ha and T9: N-40 kg/ha + Zn-30 kg/ha. Results revealed thatcombined application of Nitrogen 30 kg/ha along with Zinc 30 kg/ha significantly Higher plant height (51.39 cm), number of branches/plant (4.80), dry weight (16.60 g), number of pods/plant (10.60), number of Seeds/pod (5.47), seed index (100.80 g), seed yield (1.30t/ha), stover yield (1.73 t/ha). And also higher economics viz., higher gross returns (1,01,380.00 INR/ha), net returns (67,812.00 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (2.02).

Effect of Poultry Manure, Vermicompost and Boron on Growth and Yield of Maize

A field experiment titled “Effect of Poultry Manure, Vermicompost and Boron on Growth and Yield of Maize” (Zea mays L.) was conducted during Rabi 2022 at Crop Research Farm. Department of Agronomy, Naini Agriculture Institute SHUATS, Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments which are replicated thrice. Results obtained that combined application of Poultry Manure 50% (1t/ha) along with Vermicompost 50% (2 t/ha) and Boron – 5% (Treatment) significantly increased higher plant height (234.45 cm), plant dry weight (135.84 g/plant) and also yield attributes like effective Number cobs per plant (2.00), Number of Seeds per cob (302.67), Seed index (24.69 g), Grain yield (6.73t/ha), stover yield (15.20 t/ha) and Harvest index (30.68%).The economics viz., maximum gross returns (INR/ha 39,832.43), net returns (INR/ha 84,600.00) and benefit cost ratio (2.48) was also recorded in treatment 9 [Poultry Manure 50% (1t/ha) + Vermicompost 50% (2 t/ha) + Boron – 5%)].

Effect of Zinc and Molybdenum on Growth and Yield of Chickpea

A field experiment was conducted to find out the Effect of Zinc and Molybdenum on growth and yield of chickpea (var. Pusa 362) with ten treatments in the rabi 2022-23, with different levels of Zinc (5, 10, 15 kg ZnSO4/ha) and Molybdenum (1, 1.5, 2 kg/ha) respectively, at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. By all these findings, significant and higher plant height (45.75cm), number of nodules/plant (20.78) plant dry weight (44.51g) number of pods/plant (32.65), number of seeds/pod (1.64), seed index (22.95g), seed yield (3.06 t/ha), stover yield (4.16 t/ha) and higher gross returns (INR 2,01,500.00), net returns (INR 1,54,383.00), B:C ratio (3.27) was recorded in treatment with the application of Zinc 15 kg/ha + Molybdenum 2 kg/ha.

Effect of Organic Manures and Nano Zinc on Growth and Yield of Wheat

A field experiment was carried out during Rabi season 2022 at experimental field of Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH7.3), low in organic carbon (0.48%), available nitrogen (230 kg/ha), available phosphorus (13.60 kg/ha) and available potassium (215.4 kg/ha). The treatments consist of organic manures (FYM 10t/ha, panchagavya 3%, FYM 5t/ha + panchagavya 1.5%) and nano zinc (30, 40, 50 ppm) along with control plot (Recommended Dose Fertilizer). The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with ten treatments each replicated thrice. Higher plant height (91.90 cm), higher plant dry weight (27.27 g), number of tillers/hill (8.67), Crop Growth Rate (11.82), grains/spike (45.12), effective tillers/row meter (73.57), Spikes/running row meter (77.57), grain yield (6.01 t/ha), straw yield (8.49 t/ha), maximum gross return (127712.50 INR/ha), net return (85765.70 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (2.04) were also obtained highest in the treatment 9 [FYM 5t/ha + Panchagavya 1.5% + Nano-zinc 50ppm].