Percepção de risco como estratégia de convívio comensal com jovens órfãos pelo HIV/AIDS em São Paulo, SP, Brasil / Percepción de riesgo como estrategia de convivencia comensal con jóvenes huérfanos por VIH/SIDA en São Paulo, SP, Brasil / Commensal meetings strategies regarding youth orphaned by HIV/AIDS in São Paulo, SP, Brazil

No contexto do HIV/AIDS, estratégias comensais são acordadas pelas famílias para reduzir riscos. Com o objetivo de identificar percepções de risco nos convívios comensais desenvolveu-se estudo qualitativo com jovens órfãos pela AIDS. Os dados foram obtidos durante entrevista com questões sobre o cotidiano. Utilizou-se a proposta de Wright Mills do artesanato intelectual, na qual os sujeitos são considerados atores históricos e sociais. As estratégias mediante a percepção de risco ao HIV/AIDS foram consideradas acordos pactuados pela família para assegurar a interação social. Foi possível observar que as estratégias incluem a restrição do toque e do contato corporal; separação de utensílios e inutilização da comida tocada por soropositivos. A percepção de risco pode ser decorrente da inconstância dos achados científicos e de crenças que reforçam o processo de estigma e discriminação.(AU)

En el contexto del VIH/SIDA, las familias acuerdan estrategias comensales para reducir riesgos. Con el objetivo de identificar percepciones de riesgo en las convivencias comensales se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo con jóvenes huérfanos debido al SIDA. Los datos se obtuvieron durante entrevista con preguntas sobre el cotidiano. Se utilizó la propuesta de Wright Mills de la artesanía intelectual, en la cual los sujetos se consideran actores históricos y sociales. Las estrategias mediante la percepción de riesgo del VIH/SIDA se consideraron acuerdos pactados por la familia para asegurar la interacción social. Fue posible observar que las estrategias incluyen la restricción del toque y del contacto corporal, separación de utensilios e inutilización de la comida tocada por personas que son seropositivas. La percepción del riesgo puede ser consecuencia de la inconstancia de los hallazgos científicos y de creencias que refuerzan el proceso de estigmatización y discriminación.(AU)

Within the HIV/AIDS context, commensal strategies are agreed upon by the families aiming to reduce risks. With the objective of identifying risk perceptions in the commensal meetings, we developed a study with youth orphaned by AIDS. Interviews produced data through questions regarding daily life. The Wright Mills' proposal about intellectual craftsmanship was used for analysis. In this approachsubjects are considered historical and social actors. The strategies used from risk perception of HIV/AIDS were assumed as agreements by the families to ensure social interaction. It was observed that strategies include restrictions for touching and body contact; separation of dishes and disposal of food touched by the HIVpositive. The risk perception found may be due to variability of scientific findings and beliefs, thus reinforcing the process of stigma and discrimination.(AU)

Effects of tactile stimulation and underwater trauma on the behavior of protein-malnourished rats in the elevated plus-maze test

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of two kinds of external stimuli (long-term tactile stimulation and underwater trauma) on the exploratory behavior of malnourished rats in an elevated plus maze (EPM). The results showed that tactile stimulation partially recovered body weight deficits produced by malnutrition and decreased EPM exploration. Malnutrition increased EPM exploration while underwater trauma decreased it, thus reducing differences between well nourished and malnourished animals. These data show that only one of the two external stimuli (underwater trauma) interacted with diet condition, suggesting that the stress caused by trauma was efficient in decreasing higher EPM exploration, equalizing the response of malnourished animals to that of non-traumatized well-nourished animals.