Lifestyle Intervention in Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Students with Dyslipidemia and Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized Study

Abstract Background The long incubation periods of cardiovascular diseases offer opportunities for controlling risk factors. In addition, preventive interventions in childhood are more likely to succeed because lifestyle habits become ingrained as they are repeated. Objective To investigate the effects of recreational physical activities, in combination or not with a qualitative nutritional counseling, in cardiometabolic risk factors of students with dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity. Methods Students (8-14 years old) were randomly divided into three groups (n=23 each): i ) Control; ii ) PANC, students undergoing Physical Activity and Nutritional Counseling, and iii ) PA, students submitted to Physical Activity, only. Blood samples (12-h fasting) were collected for biochemical analysis and anthropometric markers were also assessed. Two-Way RM-ANOVA and Holm-Sidak's test, and Friedman ANOVA on Ranks and Dunn's test were applied. P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Effect sizes were evaluated by Hedges' g and Cliff's δ for normal and non-Gaussian data, respectively. Results Compared to the control group and to baseline values, both interventions caused significant average reductions in total cholesterol (11%; p <0.001), LDL-c (19%; p=0.002), and non-HDL-c (19%; p=0.003). Furthermore, students in the PANC group also experienced a significant decrease in body fat compared to baseline (p=0.005) and to control (5.2%; g=0.541). Conclusions The proposed strategies were effective to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. The low cost of these interventions allows the implementation of health care programs in schools to improve the students' quality of life.

Avaliação da qualidade de saneantes clandestinos comercializados em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais / Assessment of the quality of unlicensed home-made sanitizing products sold in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais

Os saneantes representam uma variedade de agentes de limpeza, incluindo os desinfetantes. Os saneantes clandestinos não passam por nenhum tipo de avaliação quanto à eficácia e possíveis contaminações, portanto o consumidor não tem segurança ao utilizá-lo. Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar amostras de saneantes clandestinos comercializadas quanto aos parâmetros de rotulagem, qualidade microbiológica e físico-química e a avaliação da eficácia. A contagem de micro-organismos e a pesquisa de patógenos foram determinadas conforme indicado na Farmacopéia Brasileira. A avaliação da eficácia das amostras foi realizada pela determinação da atividade antimicrobiana de produtos desinfetantes por meio da redução da carga microbiana frente a micro-organismos patogênicos. 91% das amostras apresentaram rótulos em desacordo com a Legislação. O teste de Capacidade Inibitória indicou que, para inibir possíveis contaminações, os saneantes clandestinos possuem maior quantidade de princípio ativo do que o indicado nos rótulos e do que o determinado pela Legislação. Além disso, nove amostras apresentaram como princípio ativo o formaldeído, conservante banido das formulações de desinfetantes. Nove amostras apresentaram contaminação por bactérias e/ou fungos. O teste de eficácia indicou que aproximadamente 50% das amostras não foram eficazes contra micro-organismos testados e que não houve redução da carga microbiana nos tempos testados. As amostras analisadas podem oferecer riscos aos consumidores e fabricantes, uma vez que os resultados indicaram que o processo de produção não segue as Boas Práticas de Fabricação, além de serem importantes para reafirmar as ações preventivas, na conscientização dos fabricantes e consumidores pela busca de produtos de qualidade.

The term sanitizer includes a variety of cleaning agents, including disinfectants. Unlicensed home-made sanitizing products do not undergo any kind of quality control to attest to their effectiveness and lack of contamination, so do not ensure consumer safety. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze samples of clandestine home-made sanitizers sold in the local market, to check microbiological and physicochemical quality and labeling and assess their effectiveness. Total viable counts of microorganisms and pathogens were determined as indicated in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. Effectiveness was assessed by challenging the product with pathogenic microorganisms and antimicrobialactivity was determined by the reduction of the bacterial load. Results showed that 91% of the samples had labels violating current legislation. The analysis indicated that, to guarantee inhibitory capacity, home-made sanitizers had a higher level of active ingredient than indicated on their labels and than allowed by legislation. In addition, nine samples had formaldehyde as the active ingredient, a preservative banned as a component of disinfectants. Nine samples were contaminated by bacteria and/or fungi. The antimicrobial challenge test showed that approximately 50% of the samples were ineffective against the microorganisms tested, with no reduction in the microbial load. The present study points to home-made sanitizers as risks to consumers and manufacturers. Results indicate that the production process does not follow Good Manufacturing Practice, hence they are very significant in reaffirming preventive practices and making manufacturers and consumers aware of the need to seek products of certified quality.

Estudo para determinaçäo da forma dos arcos de nivelamento pelo método de Andrade / Study to determine the arch form using Andrade's method

A forma dos arcos construídos com fios metálicos usados nas várias fases dos tratamentos ortodônticos, säo determinados pelos diagramas de contorneamento. O método Andrade permite a obtençäo do diagrama individualizado, usando-se a telerradiografia em norma lateral. O diagrama individualizado poderá ser usado também como auxiliar do plano de tratamento