Avaliação da toxicidade e atividade moluscicida do óleo essencial Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume contra o caramujo Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) / Evaluation of toxicity and molluscicidal activity of the essential oil Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume against the snail Biomphalariaglabrata (Say, 1818)

RESUMO Este trabalho determina a toxicidade e o efeito moluscicida do óleo extraído das folhas de Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume contra o caramujo Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818). Para isso, o óleo essencial foi extraído quantitativamente por hidro-destilação. Em seguida, quantificações de seus componentes foram realizadas por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (CG-MS) e a toxicidade e atividade moluscicida do óleo foram testadas, respectivamente, contra Artemia salina e caramujos Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818). A concentração letal (CL50) foi calculada a partir dos métodos Reed-Muench & Pizzi, respectivamente, para toxicidade e teste moluscicida. Os resultados das análises cromatográficas mostraram que o óleo possui 83% de eugenol (constituinte majoritário) e 2,5% de humuleno (componente minoritário). Na avaliação de toxicidade, o óleo foi considerado moderadamente tóxico com uma CL50 de 162,1 mg.L-1 ± 2,80, com intervalo de confiança de 95%, enquanto a atividade moluscicida apresentou concentração letal de 50% (CL50) de 18,62 mg.L-1 ± 2,18, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Portanto, o óleo é ativo contra o caramujo Biom-phalaria glabrata.

SUMMARY This work determines the toxicity and the molluscicidal effect of the oil extracted from the leaves of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume against the snail Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818). For this, the essential oil was extracted quantitatively by hydrodistillation. Then, quantifications of its components were performed by gas chro-matography coupled to mass spectrometry (CG-MS) and the toxicity and mollus-cicidal activity of the oil were tested, respectively, against Artemia salina and snails Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818). The lethal concentration (LC50) was calculated from the Reed-Muench & Pizzi methods, respectively, for toxicity and molluscicide testing. The results of the chromatographic analysis showed that the oil has 83% eugenol (majority constituent) and 2.5% humulene (minority component). In the toxicity evaluation, the oil was considered to be moderately toxic with a LC50 of 162.1 mg.L-1 ± 2.80, with a 95% confidence interval, while the molluscicidal activity presented a lethal concentration of 50% (LC50) of 18.62 mg. L-1 ± 2.18, with a 95% confidence interval. Therefore, the oil is active against the snail Biomphalaria glabrata.

Toxicity and molluscicidal activity of the essential oil Pimenta dioica against the snail Biomphalaria glabrata / Toxicidad y actividad molusccidal del aceite esencial Pimenta dioica contra el caracol Biomphalaria glabrata

This work evaluated the toxicity and molluscicidal effect of the oil extracted from Pimenta dioica leaves against the snail Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818). For this, the essential oil was extracted quantitatively by hydrodistillation. Then quantifications of its components were performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (CG-MS) and the toxicity and molluscicidal activity were tested, respectively, against Artemia salina and snails Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818). The lethal concentration (LC50) was calculated from the Reed-Muench & Pizzi methods, respectively, for toxicity and molluscicide testing. The results of the chromatographic analysis showed that the oil contains 85.67% eugenol (major constituent) and 0.88% linalool (minor component). In the toxicity evaluation, the oil was considered highly toxic with a LC50 of 14.13 mg∙L-1, in a 95% confidence interval, while the molluscicidal activity presented a lethal concentration (LC50) of 18.62. mg∙L-1 at a 95% confidence interval. Therefore, the oil is active against the snail Biomphalaria glabrata.

Este trabajo evaluó la toxicidad y el efecto molusquicida del aceite extraído de las hojas de Pimenta dioica contra el caracol Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818). Para esto, el aceite esencial se extrajo cuantitativamente por hidrodestilación. Luego se realizaron cuantificaciones de sus componentes mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG-MS) y se analizaron la toxicidad y la actividad molusquicida, respectivamente, contra Artemia salina y los caracoles Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818). La concentración letal (CL50) se calculó a partir de los métodos de Reed-Muench y Pizzi, respectivamente, para pruebas de toxicidad y molusquicidas. Los resultados del análisis cromatográfico mostraron que el aceite contiene un 85,67% de eugenol (constituyente principal) y un 0,88% de linalool (componente secundario). En la evaluación de toxicidad, el aceite se consideró altamente tóxico con una CL50 de 14.13 mg∙L-1, en un intervalo de confianza del 95%, mientras que la actividad molusquicida presentó una concentración letal (CL50) de 18.62. mg∙L-1 en un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Por lo tanto, el aceite es activo contra el caracol Biomphalaria glabrata.