Textual Research of Classical Prescription Taohong Siwutang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Taohong Siwutang， originating from Fuke Bingjian by CHAI Dehua in the Qing Dynasty， has been included in the first batch of the 100 classical prescriptions published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）. Taohong Siwutang is composed of six Chinese medicinals， namely the wine-washed Angelicae Sinensis Radix， wine-washed Rehmanniae Recens Radix， wine-washed Carthami Flos， wine-processed Paeoniae Alba Radix， Persicae Semen undergoing peel-off process in hot water， and Chuanxiong Rhizoma， possessing the effects of nourishing blood， promoting blood circulation， and removing blood stasis， and it is mainly applicable to patients with blood deficiency and stasis syndrome. The textual research on the key information of classical prescriptions and the summarization of their ancient and modern applications are conducive to learning about the research status and confirming the subsequent research direction， thus better guiding the preparation of substance benchmarks and the in-depth exploration of preparations. By exploring the sources and historic evolution of Taohong Siwutang and each Chinese medicinal， this paper uncovered the prescription composition， origin of each Chinese medicinal， processing method， and prescription dose. The review of its clinical applications showed that the application scope in modern times has been extended and expanded in contrast to that recorded in ancient books. As revealed by the clinical application literature， it has been mainly employed for treating gynecological diseases such as dysmenorrhea and irregular menstruation， orthopedic diseases like fracture， dermatological diseases such as chloasma， and internal diseases such as coronary heart disease， all of which were differentiated into the blood deficiency and stasis syndrome. It could be seen that Taohong Siwutang had great clinical application value. This review of the ancient and modern literature concerned with Taohong Siwutang and the analysis and determination of its key information are expected to provide a reference for the rational clinical application and further research of Taohong Siwutang.

Analysis on quality value transfer of substance benchmarks of Taohong Siwu Decoction / 中国中药杂志

By preparing 15 batches of substance benchmarks of Taohong Siwu Decoction, the methodology of the characteristic spectrums of substance benchmarks was established. The paste-forming rate range, the contents and the transfer rate range of the index components, hydroxy safflower yellow A, ferulic acid and paeoniflorin, the characteristic peaks and the similarity range of the characteristic spectrums of Taohong Siwu Decoction were determined to define key quality attributes of substance benchmarks of Taohong Siwu Decoction.In the 15 batches of substance benchmarks of Taohong Siwu Decoction, the similarity of characteristic spectrums was higher than 0.9. Furthermore, based on summarization of the characteristic peak information, there were 13 characteristic peaks in the whole decoction. Baishao had three characteristic peaks, Honghua had seven characteristic peaks, and Chuanxiong and Danggui had three characteristic peaks. The paste-forming rate of the 15 batches of substance benchmarks was controlled at 33.11%-40.62%. The content of hydroxy safflower yellow A was 0.129%-0.203%, with the average transfer rate of 16.596%±0.669%.The content of ferulic acid was 0.043%-0.055%, with the average transfer rate of 20.489%±1.772%.The content of paeoniflorin was 0.676%-0.943%, with the average transfer rate of 29.112%±3.273%.The quality value transfer of substance benchmarks of classical prescription Taohong Siwu Decoction was analyzed by the combination of characteristic spectrums, paste-forming rate and the content of index components. The established substance benchmark quality evaluation method was stable and feasible, and could provide a basis for quality control and subsequent development of relevant preparations of Taohong Siwu Decoction.

Particle size of "Cuo San" of famous classical formulas and decoction process with Xiebai San for example / 中国中药杂志

In this experiment, the decoction process of famous classical formula Xiebai San was determined by optimizing the particle size of "Cuo san" and investigating the decoction process parameters, such as boiling container, water volume and duration. Xiebai San was taken as an example to explore the study method of the "Cuo san" in the famous classical formulas. The specific chromatogram of Xiebai San and the determination method of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhizic acid in Xiebai San were established. Different particle sizes of "Cuo san" and decoction parameters were optimized based on the similarity of specific chromatogram, the specific chromatogram's peak area, the content of glycyrrhizin, the content of glycyrrhizic acid and extract yield rate.The particle size of Xiebai San powder was determined to be 2.00-4.75 mm(by four-mesh sieves). The decoction process was determined as follows: put the prescription amount into a ceramic pot, add 420 mL of water, and boil and simmer until the volume is 300 mL.The similarity of specific chromatogram was above 0.9, the specific chromatogram's peak area was larger, the content of glycyrrhizin was 0.12%, the content of glycyrrhizic acid was 0.21%,and the extract yield rate was 15.05%. The finally determined particle size of "Cuo san" can better represent the quality of Xiebai San, and is easy to prepare and suitable for industrial production.This experimental research method can comprehensively investigate the quality of Xiebai San as a whole, the content of active ingredients, and the situation of extract yield.It is a more comprehensive and objective evaluation method, and can provide experimental basis and reference for the study of other "Cuo san" famous classical formulas.

In vitro transdermal permeation of main compositions in Baimai Ointment / 中国中药杂志

To establish a determination method for the contents of ammonium glycyrrhetate,nardosinone,and curcumin in transdermal receptor liquid of Baimai Ointment,and investigate the percutaneous permeability of Baimai Ointment and the effects of two kinds of penetration enhancers on percutaneous absorption of three components. The contents of ammonium glycyrrhetate,nardosinone,and curcumin in transdermal receptor liquid were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography( HPLC). The vertical modified Franz diffusion cell was used to perform a transdermal experiment in vitro with the abdominal skin of mice( treated and untreated). The transdermal receptor liquid was preferably used to investigate the transdermal absorption rule of the Baimai Ointment and the effect of the penetration enhancer. The results showed that the comprehensive solubility of PEG-ET-NS( 3 ∶3 ∶4) was best among three types of receptor liquid PG-ET-NS( 3 ∶3 ∶4),PEG-ET-NS( 3 ∶3 ∶4),ET-NS( 3 ∶7). PEG-ET-NS was used as the receptor liquid for in vitro transdermal experiments. The cumulative permeation area of ammonium glycyrrhetate,nardosinone and curcumin within 24 h was 5. 73,18. 99,0. 38 μg·cm~(-2)respectively. Taking QEFand ER as comprehensive evaluation indicators of permeation performance,the comprehensive penetration-promoting performance of ammonium glycyrrhizinate: 3% PEG 400-ethanol-normal saline ≈ 1. 19 times( 3%azone) = 1. 94 times( blank); comprehensive penetration-promoting performance of nardosinone: 3% PEG 400-ethanol-normal saline≈1. 28 times( 3% azone) = 1. 37 times( blank); the comprehensive penetration performance of curcumin: 3% PEG 400-ethanol-normal saline≈1. 77 times( 3% azone) ≈3. 42 times( blank). The comprehensive penetration enhancement properties of the two penetration enhancers were as follows: 3% PEG 400-ethanol-normal saline>3%azone>blank. The transdermal absorption curve of ammonium glycyrrhetate,nardosinone and curcumin in Baimai Ointment were consistent with the zero-order equation,indicating that the transdermal absorption process was irrelevant to the concentration of three components,and its was a diffusion process. This experiment provides reference for the study of ointment transdermal preparations.

Can As2O3 improve the prognosis of childhood acute promyelocytic leukemia?--A single center experience / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To retrospectively analyze the treatment outcomes and side effects of childhood acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or ATRA + arsenic trioxide (As2O3).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 1992 to 2006, 45 patients with newly diagnosed APL were enrolled. All of them were PML-RAR alpha positive. 24 patients were induced with ATRA (group A) and 21 with ATRA + As2O3 (group B). The remission rate and side effects were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1) 19 (79.2%) patients in group A achieved CR, while 21(100%) patients in group B achieved CR. The CR rate in group A was lower than that in group B (P=0.027). 2) The recovery time of coagulation parameters and PLT count in group B was shorter than that in group A. 3) The overall survival (OS) and event-free survival(EFS) in group A were 77.8% and 66.9% at 41 months of follow-up, and in group B were 100% and 100% respectively at 34 months of followup. Group A had a significant lower EFS (P=0.0357)than group B. 4) The time of PML-RAR alpha fusion gene converting to negative in group A was longer (P=0.026) than that in group B.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ATRA + As2O3 for patients with newly diagnosed childhood APL is a feasible treatment with higher CR rate, less side effects and longer long-term survival.</p>

Clinical Value of Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia 1-ETO Fusion Transcripts in Children with Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia by Using Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical value of minimal residual disease(MRD) of acute myeloblastic leukemia(AML) with AML 1-ETO by using the real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RQ-RT-PCR).Methods From Jan.2001 to Jan.2007,the MRD of 32 AML1-ETO-positive AML patients were analyzed by using PQ-RT-PCR.The detection of the AML1-ETO was taken after the induced chemotherapy every 1.5-2.0 months during the consolidation therapy.The survival of different stages in children with AML was analyzed by SPSS 10.0 software and calculated by using Kaplan-Meier analysis.Results Thirty-two patients received the induced chemotherapy and 29 patients with complete remission morphologically,3 patients had no complete remission morphologically and then gave up.Patients with molecular remission were associated with a high probability of survival(P=0.001 8).Patients with high transcript levels at diagnosis had no difference in event free survival with patients with low transcript levels.The quality of molecular response after induction,6 months in the chemotherapy as well as consolidation period,has significant impact on the event free survival(P=0.023,0.000 1,0.004 9).Conclusion The current study demonstrate that quantitative evaluation of AML1-ETO transcript levels is important and may be helpful for therapeutic decisions in future.

Clinical significance of detection of AML1/ETO fusion transcripts in childhood AML using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the clinical value of quantification of AML1/ETO fusion transcripts using real-time reverse transcription PCR. Fourteen AML1/ETO positive children out of 52 AML children were selected. A serial dilution of AML1/ETO plasmid was used as a template for the AML1/ETO real-time PCR. AML1/ETO was quantified according to the expression of the GAPDH housekeeping gene at new diagnosis and during/after chemotherapy and transplantation. SPSS statistics was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the ratio of AML1/ETO: GAPDH expression level at new diagnosis varied in the range 0.219-2.080 (median 0.648) among the patients, without relevance with percentage of blasts. The detection sensitivity was up to the dilution of 1:10(5). Six patients showed a slight decline of AML1/ETO (higher than 5 x 10(-2)) at 1 month, three of whom relapsed in the early stage and one later. Five patients had a higher level than 5 x 10(-3) at 3 months, three of whom relapsed. Four patients with always a higher level than 5 x 10(-3) all relapsed in early stage. After six months, four out of them with constant low-level expression (10(-4) - 10(-6)) were in continuous complete hematological remission (CCR). In another patient, a rapid rise of AML1/ETO transcripts could be detected at CR stage and he relapsed 5 months later. The AML1/ETO gene expression leveling off by 10(-5) - 10(-6) could be detected in 3 patients at their complete remission after 9 months. It is concluded that real-time RT-PCR is a suitable approach for quantifying AML1/ETO transcripts in monitoring of AML patients with t(8;21) during/after chemotherapy and provides data of diagnostic relevance.

Immunophenotype of Children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Its Clinical Significance / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the immunophenotype of children with acute myeloid leukemia(AML) and its clinical significance.Methods Statistics was used to analyze the relationship between the immunophenotype of AML and their French-American-Britain(FAB) classification,complete remission (CR) in one month and 3-years event-free survival(EFS).Results CR rate was 71.6% and 3-years EFS rate was 50.8%. HLA-DR and CD34 absent mainly in M3, associated with higher CR and EFS rate. So did CD33 negative cases, especially in M2. CD13 positive was significantly predictive factor for achieving CR.Co-expression of lymphoid antigens and NK cell antigens(CD56) with M2 which correlated with lower CR and EFS rate.Conclusions The negative of HLA-DR, CD34, CD33,as well as CD13 positive, have relationship with good prognosis. Lymphoid antigens and CD56 are poor prognostic factors.

Analysis of Prognostic Factors in Children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To analyze prognostic factors in children with acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Methods Retrospective analyze the relationship between many factors of the diagnosed children with AML and their 3-years event-free survival(EFS).Statistics was analyzed with ?2 test.Results The 3-years EFS was 47.5%.According to the analysis of statistics,EFS of some children groups had statistical differences with their controls (P