Clinical Features of EGFR Double Mutation in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#The clinical features of patients with common single-mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been well characterized. There is a high adenocarcinoma incidence rate among female patients with none or shorter smoking history. Those patients have higher objective response rate (ORR) and progression free survival (PFS) treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). However, it is still unclear that the clinical features of patients with EGFR double mutation and the sensitivity towards EGFR-TKIs treatment.@*METHODS@#We performed a retrospective cohort study of 1,238 primary NSCLC patients who had EGFR gene testing in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016 and identified 603 patients with single mutation and 59 patients with double mutation. All genes were uniformly detected by using ARMS-PCR technology. We analyze the gene of 32 double-mutant patients with specific genotyping, and randomly selected 60 patients with single mutation and compared the clinical features with 59 patients with double mutation. Furthermore, we examined the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs treatment in lung cancer patients with double mutation and single mutation in EGFR.@*RESULTS@#The rare single mutation gene is the most common in patients with double mutation of EGFR. There is no significant statistical difference in gender, smoking history, age, pathological type or tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging among patients with single and double EGFR mutantion. In the double mutation patients treated with EGFR-TKIs, the objective response rate was 36.80%, the disease control rate was 68.40%. The objective response rate was 60.00% and the disease control rate was 90.00% in the patients with single mutation. However, overall PFS was significantly higher in EGFR single mutation patients (P=0.003), with median PFS of 12.0 months compared with 6.0 months in EGFR double mutation patients.@*CONCLUSIONS@#There was no significant difference between the clinical features of patients with EGFR double mutation and single mutation. Patients with EGFR double mutation is associated with poor survival underwent the first generation of EGFR-TKIs treatment compared with patients with a single mutation.

Effects on Various Indicators of Exenatide in Young and Middle-aged Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / 中国药师

Objective: To investigate the effect of exenatide on body weight, blood glucose, blood lipids, insulin resistance and the degree of fatty liver in young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Meth-ods: Totally 70 young and middle-aged patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and NAFLD were chosen and randomly divided into observation group and the control group with 35 cases in each group. The patients were treated with exenatide or isophane prota-mine biosynthetic human insulin injection for 3 months on the basis of original oral hypoglycemic drugs. The body weight, BMI, waist circumference, HOMA-IR, plasma glucose (FPG), 2 hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc), blood lipids, liver function indices (ALT, AST and GGT), and the severity of fatty liver were compared before and after the treatment. Re-sults: After the 3-month treatment, there was no significant difference in glycemic control between observation group and the control group. After treatment, the body weight, BMI, waist circumference, HOMA-IR, TG, ALT, AST and GGT in observation were signifi-cantly decreased than those before the treatment(P<0. 05), and were superion to those in control group(P<0. 05). While in the control group, all the above indices were not significantly changed before and after the treatment (P>0. 05). The total efficiency for treating NAFLD in observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Besides reducing blood glucose effectively, exenatide can also obviously reduce body weight and TG level, improve insulin resistance, decrease liver en-zymes, and significantly ameliorate the degree of fatty liver. The results suggested that exenatide might be a new therapeutic option for young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD.

Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics for Simultaneous Quantitative Determination of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene andIts Degraded Products in Environmental Water Sample / 分析化学

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its by-products dinitrotoluene (DNT) pose a significant threat to human health and other living organisms.However, the conventional analytical methods involved in bulky and expensive instruments are complicated and time-consuming, impeding quick and on-line determination.In this work, a facile yet effective strategy of utilizing UV-vis spectroscopy coupled with partial least squares (PLS) was proposed, through which TNT and two isomers of DNT (2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT) in nature water could be rapidly and simultaneously determined without any pre-separation.Variable combination population analysis (VCPA) was utilized to select important feather variables and significantly improved the predictive performance of the PLS model.The calibration set contained 25 samples constructed by orthogonal array design (OAD).The predictive ability of the models was validated by an independent prediction set including 15 samples, achieving up to 0.99 of the determination coefficients (R2) for each of the analytes.The optimized models were successfully applied to determine the 3 ingredients in 8 environmental samples involving in tap, lake and two kinds of river water with the recovery values of great than 97%.Finally, the proposed method was further validated by high performance liquid chromatography method.UV-vis spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics may be used as simple and effective strategy with high potential in environmental monitoring.

Improving Effect of Safflor Yellow on Fatty Liver and Insulin Resistance in Obese Mice / 中国药师

Objective:To investigate the effects of safflor yellow ( SY) on body fat, fatty liver and insulin resistance in diet-in-duced obese mice. Methods:Male C57BL/6 mice at the age of 4 weeks were fed with high fat diet ( HF) for 8 weeks to make the obese model. The mice were intraperitoneally injected SY (100 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ) for 6 weeks. At the end of experiment, the introper-itoneal glucose tolerance test ( IPGTT) and insulin tolerance test ( ITT) were performed, and the body fat, blood lipid profile and the other metabolic parameters were detected. Meanwhile, the epididymis fat and liver tissue were withdrawn for HE staining, the adipo-cyte area was quantified and the morphology of liver was observed. Results:SY significantly reduced the body weight, body fat mass, adipocyte area, liver weight and blood lipid levels of the obese mice (P<0. 05), and fatty liver was obviously alleviated after the ad-ministration of SY. Meanwhile, IPITT and ITT tests showed that SY significantly improved the glucose intolerance and insulin resist-ance of the obese mice(P<0. 05). Conclusion:SY has significant weight-loss effects and it can alleviate fatty liver, and improve glu-cose intolerance and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice.

Effects of Exenatide on Body Weight, Blood Glucose, Blood Lipids and Proteinuria in Obese and Overweight Young and Middle-aged Patients with Type 2 Diabetes / 中国药师

Objective: To investigate the effects of exenatide on body weight, blood glucose, blood lipids and proteinuria in obese and overweight young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes to provide reference for better controlling the macro-vascular and micro-vascular complications in the patients.Methods: Totally 60 obese and overweight young and middle-aged patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes were chosen and randomly divided into exenatide group and novolin N group with 30 ones in each.The patients maintained the previous oral hypoglycemic drugs, and exenatide group was treated with exenatide, Novolin N group was treated with protamine biosynthetie human insulin(NovolinN), and the treatment course was 3 months.The body weight, BMI, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), fasting C-peptide (FCP), 2-hour postprandial C-peptide (2hCP), blood lipids, plasma homocysteine (HCY) and urine microalbumin (UMA) were compared before and after the treatment.Results: After 3 month treatment,the FPG,zhpG and HbAlc were significantly decreased both in exenatide group and NwoCinN group(P0.05).In exenatide group, the levels of FCP and 2hCP were higher than those before the treatment (P0.05).Conclusion: Exenatide can effectively control blood glucose, improve β-cell function, reduce body weight, lower blood lipids and decrease urine protein.

Effect of angiotensin receptor blocker on the expressions of NF-κB PPARγ in adipose tissue of high-fat- diet induced insulin resistant rats / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

The expressions of NF-κB and PPARγ were increased in adipose tissue of insulin resistant rats.The angiotensin receptor blocker decreased NF-κB protein expression by 21%,increased PPARγ protein expression by 28%and diminished adipocyte size,suggesting that these findings may be involved in the improvement of obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resisitance.