RESUMO
Objetivos : Evaluar las notas del Examen Nacional de Medicina(ENAM) que sirvieron a médicos recién egresados para postular al servicio rural peruano entre 2009-2019. Materiales y Métodos : Estudio analítico, retrospectivo donde se realizó un análisis secundario de los registros a las convocatorias del Servicio Rural Urbano Marginal en Salud en Perú(SERUMS) entre los años 2009-2019. Se midió la frecuencia de los postulantes a plazas del SERUMS y la mediana de la nota del ENAM; cada uno de estos datos se presentó según distintas características, aplicando modelos bivariados y multivariados para obtener las razones de prevalencias. Resultados : Se evaluó a un total de 30750 médicos, donde 9087,17607 y 4056 fueron egresados de universidades públicas, privadas y del extranjero, respectivamente. El 43% del total de médicos inscritos al SERUMS desaprobaron el ENAM. Los porcentajes de desaprobados según universidades públicas, privadas y del extranjero fue 31%,34% y 79% respectivamente. En el análisis multivariado se encontró que desaprobaban en mayor frecuencia los que eran de universidades privadas (RPa:1,42;IC95%:1,37-1,47;valor p<0,001), los que estudiaron en una universidad de Lima Metropolitana (RPa:1,18;IC95%:1,14-1,22;valor p<0,001), y los que egresaban de universidades del extranjero. Conclusiones : Se evidenció un aumento de médicos que realizan el SERUMS, donde un gran porcentaje desaprobaban el ENAM, especialmente aquellos médicos egresados de universidades privadas que se encontraban en Lima Metropolitana y de universidades del extranjero; resultados que sugieren que un gran porcentaje de médicos que hacen el servicio rural no están debidamente capacitados, al menos en el aspecto teórico que es lo que mide el ENAM.
Objectives: To assess grades from the National Medical Exam (ENAM, according to its Spanish initials) that serve to last year medical students as a prerequisite to apply for places in Peruvian Medical Rural Service (SERUMS, according to its Spanish initials) between 2009 and 2019. Materials and Methods: This is an analytical retrospective study where a secondary analysis of registries for applying to the Peruvian Medical Rural Service (SERUMS) between years 2009 and 2019. Number of applicants to SERUMS places were determined, together with median values of ENAM results. Each of these pieces of information were presented according to different characteristics. Bivariate and multivariate models were used for obtaining prevalence rates. Results: More than thirty thousand students were assessed (30750), and 9087, 17607, and 4056 were from public, private, and foreign medical schools, respectively. Forty-three percent of those who registered tor applying the SERUMS failed the exam. Percentages of those who failed were 31%, 34%, and 79% of those coming from public, private, and foreign medical schools, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that those who most frequently failed came from private medical schools (odds ratio (OR): 1.42; 95% CI: 1.37-1.47, p<0.001), those who studied medicine in a Lima City medical school (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.14 - 1.22, p<0.001), and those who studied outside Peru. Conclusions: There is a greater number of physicians doing rural service (SERUMS), but many of them fail the examination (ENAM), particularly those coming from private medical schools in Lima City and those who come from foreign medical schools. These results suggest that a great proportion of physicians applying for the rural service are not adequately qualified, at least in the theoretical areas which are measured by the ENAM.