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Med. interna Méx ; 34(3): 359-365, may.-jun. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-976077

RESUMO

Resumen: ANTECEDENTES Los pacientes con enfermedades neurológicas son susceptibles a padecer disfagia frecuentemente no diagnosticada. OBJETIVO Determinar la existencia de disfagia en pacientes con enfermedad neurológica atendidos en la consulta externa y su relación con el riesgo de desnutrición. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO Estudio descriptivo transversal, efectuado de enero a diciembre de 2016. Se realizó valoración clínica de las fases de la deglución, se aplicó el cuestionario EAT-10 versión en español, se tomaron medidas antropométricas, se estimó la ingesta calórica y se determinó el riesgo nutricional, el índice de Quetelet y la Evaluación Global Subjetiva. RESULTADOS Se analizaron 55 pacientes, 54.5% mujeres, con edad media de 47.29 años. La disfagia afectó a 49.1% de los pacientes; los pacientes con riesgo de desnutrición representaron 25.5%. Los pacientes con disfagia representaron 33.3% y tuvieron mayor riesgo de desnutrición vs 17.9% sin disfagia (p < 0.001). El género femenino (OR 1.23; IC95% 0.42-3.58; p = 0.451), la diabetes mellitus (OR 2.95; IC95% 0.52-16.75; p = 0.196), el antecedente de neumonía (OR 2.12; IC95% 1.59-2.81; p = 0.236) y la enfermedad neurológica crónica (OR 1.65; IC95% 0.49-5.53; p = 0.301) se relacionaron con incremento de disfagia. CONCLUSIONES La prevalencia de disfagia no diagnosticada es elevada y se asocia con mayor desnutrición.


Abstract: BACKGROUND Neurological diseases patients are susceptible to dysphagia, frequently not diagnosed. OBJECTIVE To determine the presence of dysphagia in patients attending for neurological pathology of extern consult and its relation with malnutrition. MATERIAL AND METHOD A prospective, cross-sectional study, performed from January to December 2016, that evaluated dysphagia symptoms, clinically phases of swallowing, and EAT-10 questionnaire validated to Spanish was applied. Risk factors were determined, as well as nutritional risk, Quetelet Index, Global Subjective Assessment, and demographics data. RESULTS Of the 55 patients, 54.5% were women; mean age was of 47.29 years. The prevalence of dysphagia was 49.1%; patients with risk malnutrition represented 25.5%. Dysphagia patients accounted for 33.3% and had a higher risk of malnutrition vs 17.9% without dysphagia (p < 0.001). The risk of dysphagia increased in women (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.42-3.58, p = 0.45), diabetes mellitus (OR 2.95, 95 % CI 0.52-16.75, p = 0.19), patients with history of pneumonia (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.59-2.81; p = 0.236) and chronic neurological disease (OR 1.65, 95% CI 0.49-5.53, p = 0.30). CONCLUSIONS There is high prevalence of undiagnosed dysphagia and it's associated with greater risk of malnutrition.

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