Níveis de retinol e carotenóides séricos e intercorrências gestacionais em puérperas / Vitamin A serum and gestational intercurrences in postpartum women

OBJETIVO: Investigar a associação entre intercorrências gestacionais e níveis de retinol e carotenóides em puérperas atendidas em maternidade pública do Rio de Janeiro. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi constituída por 262 puérperas atendidas na Maternidade Escola da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. O estado nutricional antropométrico foi avaliado pelo do índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional e pelo ganho ponderal gestacional, e foram coletadas informações sobre intercorrências gestacionais nos registros médicos dos prontuários. Foram adotados os pontos de corte 1,05µmol/L e 80µg/dL para definir inadequação dos níveis de retinol e carotenóides séricos, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Quarenta e dois vírgula sete por cento da amostra foi acometida por intercorrências gestacionais, destacando-se anemia (29,0 por cento), inadequação dos níveis de retinol (24,4 por cento), e síndromes hipertensivas da gravidez (5,7 por cento). Observou-se maior proporção de obesidade pré-gestacional entre mulheres com síndromes hipertensivas da gravidez, em comparação com as não portadoras de tal intercorrência. Verificou-se menor nível médio de carotenóides séricos entre as que desenvolveram síndromes hipertensivas da gravidez e 91,7 por cento destas apresentaram inadequação destes nutrientes. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados revelam acometimento importante de mulheres por intercorrências gestacionais e por deficiências nutricionais. Além disso, apontam a obesidade pré-gestacional como um possível fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de síndromes hipertensivas da gravidez e sugerem uma associação entre baixos níveis de carotenóides e tal intercorrência.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate an association between pregnancy complications and serum retinol and carotenoid levels in puerpere seen at a public maternity of Rio de Janeiro. METHODS: The sample consisted of 262 puerpere seen at the Maternity School of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Nutritional status was assessed by determining the body mass index before pregnancy and by the weight gained during pregnancy. Information on pregnancy complications was collected from the medical records. Low levels of serum retinol and carotenoids were defined as those below the cut-off points of 1.05mmol/L and 80mg/dL respectively. RESULTS: Almost half the sample (42.7 percent) had pregnancy complications which included anemia (29.0 percent), low retinol levels (24.4 percent) and gestational hypertension (5.7 percent). Women with gestational hypertension were more likely to be obese before pregnancy when compared with those without gestational hypertension. The mean serum levels of carotenoids were also found to be lower among women who developed gestational hypertension and 91.7 percent of these women had inadequate levels of these nutrients. CONCLUSION: The results show that many women suffer pregnancy complications and have nutritional deficiencies. Furthermore, they indicate that pregestational obesity may be a risk factor for the development of gestational hypertension and suggest an association between low serum carotenoid levels and gestational hypertension.

Gestational nightblindness among women attending a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

This study evaluated the prevalence of gestational nightblindness among postpartum women seen at the University Maternal Hospital of the Federal University in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and the association of this symptom with a biochemical indicator (serum retinol levels) and sociodemographic, anthropometric and antenatal care variables. In total, 262 postpartum women, who did not receive vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy, were interviewed. Gestational nightblindness was diagnosed through the standardized interview as proposed by WHO. Serum retinol levels were evaluated by spectrophotometry. Gestational nightblindness relating to low levels of serum retinol (<1.05 micromol/L, p = 0.000) was diagnosed in 17.9% of subjects interviewed. Less than five antenatal care appointments (odds ratio [OR] = 2.179; confidence interval [CI] 95% = 1.078 - 4.402) and a history of one or more miscarriage(s) (OR = 2.306; CI 95% = 1.185 - 4.491) were predictors for gestational nightblindness. These findings justify the need for nutritional counselling, aimed at improving the vitamin A nutritional status, especially among pregnant women with a history of previous miscarriages and poor antenatal care.