Eficácia do glyphosate e 2, 4-d no controle de Commelina villosa / Efficacy of glyphosate and 2, 4-D in control of Commelina villosa

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de glyphosate e 2,4-D, isolados e em mistura, no controle de Commelina villosa. Foram estudadas duas metodologias de avaliação de absorção de herbicidas em oito intervalos de tempo para a lavagem (simulando chuva após a aplicação) e corte (simulando abortamento, como estratégia de defesa) das folhas: 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 e 48 horas após a aplicação dos herbicidas, além de um tratamento sem lavagem ou corte das folhas, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, dispostos em um esquema fatorial 3 x 7 + 1 (três herbicidas x sete períodos – horas após a aplicação). Os herbicidas e doses testados foram: glyphosate (1.440 g ha-1), 2,4-D (720 g ha-1) e a mistura glyphosate + 2,4-D (1.080 + 720 g ha-1). A simulação de chuva interferiu de forma negativa no controle das plantas com o herbicida glyphosate. O controle com o herbicida 2,4-D foi influenciado apenas no período de 2 horas. Os períodos de simulação de chuva não influenciaram no controle das plantas com a mistura de glyphosate + 2,4-D. Para o estudo com corte das folhas tratadas, todos os tratamentos independente do período para corte das folhas foram influenciados de forma negativa no controle, sendo que as plantas apresentaram rebrotas quando tratadas com o herbicida 2,4-D isolado.

Efficacy of glyphosate and 2,4-d in the control of Commelina Villosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate and 2,4-D alone and in combination, in the control of Commelina villosa. We studied two methodologies for evaluating herbicide absorption in eight time intervals for washing (simulating rainfall after application) and cutting of leaves (simulating abortion as a defense strategy): 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours after herbicide application, and a treatment without washing or cutting the leaves in a completely randomized design with four replications in a 3 x 7 + 1 factorial design (three herbicides x seven periods – hours after application). Herbicides and doses tested were: glyphosate (1,440 g ha-1), 2,4-D (720 g ha-1) and a mixture of glyphosate + 2,4-D (1,080 + 720 g ha-1). The simulation of rain interfered negatively in the plant control with glyphosate. The control with the herbicide 2,4-D was affected only for the period of 2 hours. Periods of rain simulation did not influence the control of plants with a mixture of glyphosate + 2,4-D. For the study with the cutting of treated leaves, all treatments regardless of the period of cutting the leaves were influenced negatively in terms of plant control, the plants showing regrowth when treated with 2,4-D alone.

Efeito de diferentes herbicidas, doses e volume de calda na dessecação de milheto [Pennisetum Glaucum (L. Leek)] / Effect of different herbicides, doses and spray volume in the chemical management of pearl millet [Pennisetum Glaucum (L. Leek)]

Objetivou-se nesse trabalho avaliar a eficácia de diferentes herbicidas aplicados em pósemergência na de secação do milheto com diferentes doses e volumes de calda de aplicação. Para a dessecação do milheto foram utilizadas doses de 0, 25, 50 e 100% dos herbicidas glyphosate (1.440 g ha-1), em três formulações comerciais (Round up Original, Round up Transorb e Round up WG), paraquat + diuron (500 + 250 g ha-1) e amônio-glufosinato (800 g ha-1). Em todos os tratamentos foram utilizados dois volumes de aplicação (200 e 400 L ha-1). Manteve-se uma testemunha sem aplicação de herbicidas. Os efeitos dos tratamentos foram avaliados visualmente aos 3, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após aplicação. Ao final das avaliações foi determinada a massa seca das plantas. O estudo de campo foi instalado no delineamento em blocos casualizados. No final do estudo, aos 28 DAA, todos os tratamentos apresentaram controle total das plantas de milheto, independente da dose e do volume de aplicação, exceto para os tratamentos com paraquat + diuron e amônio-glufosinate na menor dose (25% da dose), nos dois volumes de aplicação, que apresentaram ainda controles considerados bons a muito bom, sendo que para esses dois herbicidas houve efeito do volume de calda, na qual o controle foi superior com o uso de volume menor.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of different herbicides applied in post-emergence in the desiccation of pearl millet with different doses and spray volumes. For the desiccation, doses at 0, 25, 50 and 100% of the herbicide glyphosate (1,440 g ha-1) were used in 3 formulations (Original Round up, Round up Transorb and Round up WG), paraquat + diuron (500 + 250 g ha-1) and glufosinateammonium (800 g ha-1). In all treatments, 2 spray volumes (200 and 400 l ha-1) were used, and there was 1 treatment (control) without the application of herbicides. The treatment effects were evaluated visually at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application (DAA). At the end of the evaluations, the dry mass of the plants was determined. The field trial was carried out in randomized block design. At the end of the study, at 28 DAA, all treatments presented total control of plant pearl millet, regardless of the dose and spray volume, except the treatments with paraquat + diuron and glufosinate-ammonium at the lower dose (25%), in 2 spray volumes, which nevertheless showed good and very good control, these two herbicides presenting an effect of volume, in which the control was higher with the use of smaller volume.

Use of the caffeine-halothane contracture test for the diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia in Brazil

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a pharmacogenetic disease triggered by volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine. Deaths due to MH have been reported in Brazil. The first Malignant Hyperthermia Diagnostic and Research Center in Latin America was inaugurated in 1993 at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The center followed the diagnostic protocols of the North America MH Group, in which the contractures of biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle are analyzed after exposure to caffeine and halothane (CHCT). CHCT was performed in individuals who survived, their relatives and those with signs/symptoms somewhat related to MH susceptibility (MHS). Here, we report data from 194 patients collected over 16 years. The Southeast (N = 110) and South (N = 71) represented the majority of patients. Median age was 25 (4-70) years, with similar numbers of males (104) and females (90). MHS was found in 90 patients and 104 patients were normal. Abnormal responses to both caffeine and halothane were observed in 59 patients and to caffeine or halothane in 20 and 11 patients, respectively. The contracture of biopsies from MHS exposed to caffeine and halothane was 1.027 ± 0.075 g (N = 285) and 4.021 ± 0.255 g (N = 226), respectively. MHS was found in patients with either low or high blood creatine kinase and also, with a low score on the clinical grading scale. Thus, these parameters cannot be used with certainty to predict MHS. We conclude that the CHCT protocol described by the North America MH Group contributed to identification of MHS in suspected individuals at an MH center in Brazil with 100 percent sensitivity and 65.7 percent specificity.

Utilization of citogenetic technics in paternity investigation

Th joint analysis of several genetic markers in casesof paternity investigation renders possible a cumulative probability of 99.7% of change of esclusion of a flasely accused father. The role of heteromorphism of the Y chromosome size was appraised in this work, with more than one genetic marker, in 20 expertise examinations in paternity investigation, where the children were male. The results found with found with this method, in association with the research on erythrocytic and leucocytic antigens showed the exclusion of two falsely accused men. Cytogenetic analysis with Giemsa stain in combination with leukocyte (HLA system) and erithrocyte antigens investigation demonstrated the exclusion of two men falsely accused