Neonatal Overfeeding Induced by Reducing the Litter Size Leads to an Obese Phenotype and Increases Preference for Sweet Food in Adult Male Rats.

Aim: the aim of this study was to induce obesity in rats using the neonatal overfeeding protocol and evaluate in adult male animals standard chow intake, sweet food intake, the preference between sweet food and standard chow, locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior. Methodology: The neonatal overfeeding protocol consisted of reducing the litter size to 4 animals (small litters = SL) compared to 8 animals in normal litters (NL). In these experiments we used 55 offspring from 18 litters. Results: obesity was successfully induced as observed by increased body weight and depots of abdominal fat in SL animals compared to NL; [F(1, 53)=15.018; P<.001] for body weight and [t(48.06)=2.186 P=.03] for abdominal fat.No difference between groups was found in standard chow [t (16)=1.843 P=.08] and sweet food intake [t(53)=0.453 P=.65], however in the test that evaluated the preference between both foods SL animals consumed more sweet food than NL [t(48) =2.481 P=.02]. Additionally, there was no difference between groups regarding locomotor activity [t(52)=0.073 P=.94] but SL animals showed reduced anxiety-like behavior compared to NL [t(39.36)=2.205 P=.03]. Conclusion: this study supports the use of neonatal overfeeding protocol as a model of early obesity and showed for the first time the increased preference for sweet food in adult neonatal overfed animals.

Cirurgia para tratamento da obesidade mórbida: princípios básicos / Surgical treatment of morbid obesity: basic principles

A obesidade é uma doença caracterizada pelo excesso de gordura corporal. Esse acúmulo ocorre quando a oferta de calorias é constantemente maior do que o gasto de energia corporal e resulta frequentemente em sérios prejuízos à saúde.Atualmente, atinge 600 milhões de pessoas no mundo, 30 milhões somente no Brasil.Estudos da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) projetam um cenário ainda pior para os próximos anos. Estima-se que, em 2015, existirão 2,3 bilhões de pessoas com excesso de peso e 700 milhões de obesos no mundo inteiro. Com o aumento do uso de procedimentos cirúrgicos como opções de tratamento para obesidade mórbida, o conhecimento da cirurgia bariátrica se tornou essencial. Durante a última década, o número de procedimentos bariátricos aumentou e os refinamentos desses procedimentos fizeram-nos mais seguros e mais eficazes. Todos os médicos devem saber como identificar candidatos adequados e estar familiarizados com os procedimentos cirúrgicos disponíveis, cientes de possíveis complicações e benefícios. A cirurgia bariátrica reúne técnicas com respaldo científico, destinadas ao tratamento da obesidade mórbida e das doenças associadas ao excesso de gordura corporal ou agravadas por ele. O objetivo deste artigo de revisão é analisar os dados da literatura acerca do tratamento da obesidade mórbida.

Obesity is a disease characterized by excessive body fat. This accumulation occurs when the supply of calories is consistently greater than the body’s energy expenditure and often results in serious harm to health. Currently, obesity reaches 600 million people worldwide, 30 million in Brazil. Studies of the World Health Organization (WHO) project an even worse scenario for the upcoming years. It is estimated that by 2015 there will be 2.3 billion people overweight and 700 million obese worldwide. With the increased use of surgical procedures as treatment options for obesity, knowledge of bariatric surgery has become essential. During the last decade, the number of bariatric procedures increased and refinements of these procedures have made them safer and more effective. All doctors should know how to identify suitable candidates, be familiar with the surgical procedures available, and be aware of possible complications and benefits. Bariatric surgery gathers techniques with scientific support for the treatment of obesity and the diseases associated with excessive body fat or aggravated by it. This report aimed to review the literature on the treatment of morbid obesity.