RESUMO
A prevalência mundial de asma na infância é alta. Alterações estruturais das vias aéreas são observadas na asma, e podem ocorrer precocemente na infância. Este estudo tem como objetivo comparar os resultados de um modelo de sensibilização alérgica, em camundongos de diferentes idades. Para tanto foram utilizados camundongos Balb/C pré-desmamados, jovens e adultos. O grupo de animais pré desmamados foram divididos em outros dois grupos (18D 18D1), sendo que ambos foram sensibilizados com duas injeções intraperitoneal (i.p.) de 10 g ovalbumina (OVA) no 5º e 7º dia de vida. Após, o primeiro grupo de camundongos pré desmamados foram submetidos a 01 (um) desafio, este consistente em receberem inalações por 3 dias consecutivos, a 3% de OVA, por 10 minutos, nos dias 14, 15 e 16. O segundo grupo de camundongos pré desmamados foram submetidos 02 (dois) desafios, estes nos dias 09, 10 e 11; e 14, 15 e 16 dias de vida. O grupo de camundongos jovens (40D) receberam as mesmas inalações nos dias 22 a 24 e depois nos dias 36 a 38. Um quarto grupo de camundongos, denominados adultos (100D), foram sensibilizados com 10 g OVA i.p. nos dias 60 e 62 de vida; e também recebendo inalações por 3 dias consecutivos a 3% de OVA, por 10 minutos, nos dias 77 a 79 de vida, repetindo o procedimento nos dias 96, 97 e 98, sendo que os animais em todos os xiii grupos foram sacrificados 48hs após a última inalação. Todos os grupos possuíam um grupo controle respectivo, mesmo protocolo, mas ao invés de OVA, recebiam apenas solução salina. Observamos que os animais sensibilizados, quando comparados entre si, não apresentavam diferença quanto à densidade de células de eosinófilos (p = 0,052). A densidade de células TCD3+ foi maior nos camundongos adultos e no grupo de animais pré desmamados com dois desafios (p<0,001), não havendo diferença nos demais grupos (p=1,000). Foi possível observar também uma maior expressão de IL-5 nas vias aéreas quando comparados os grupos OVA de 18 dias de vida...
The prevalence of childhood asthma is high worldwide. Recent data indicate that asthma structural changes occur early in childhood, and that structure alterations occur early in life. In this study we have aimed to compare a model of allergic sensitization in infantile, juvenile and adult mice. BALB/c mice at different ages were sensitized with two intraperitoneal injections (i.p.) of 10 g ovalbumin (OVA) at day 05 and 07 and received 3 daily inhalations of 3% OVA for 10 min on days 14 to 16 and 09 to 11 - 14 to 16 the infantile groups (18d - 18d1).The juvenile mice (40d) at days 22 to 24 - 36 to 38 and adult mice (100d) were sensitized with 3% OVA i.p. at day 60 and 62 and received 2x 3 daily inhalations at days 77-79 and at day 96-98, being euthanized 48h later. Control groups received saline using the same protocols. The OVA treated animals were compared among each other there were no differences regarding eosinophil cell density (p= 0.052). The density of T CD3+ cells was higher in the adult mice and in the infantile group with two challenges in relation to 18D e 40D (p=0.000), but without differences between the former groups (p= 1.000). When OVA groups were compared to the respective controls, infantile groups presented increased IL-5 expression in the airways (p=0.017), no differences were observed in the juvenile and adult mice. Among controls, IL-5 expression was lower in the infantile groups in relation to the juvenile and adult mice (p<0.001). The infantile group (p=0.003) with one challenge and the adult mice (p=0.006) presented increased TGF- expression in the airways when compared to their respective controls. Infantile mice with one or two challenges presented more PAS positivity in the bronchiolar epithelium than the juvenile and adult mice (p=0.007 and p=0.073). Among the OVA mice, infantile mice with one xvi challenge presented lower collagen area fraction than the group of infantile mice that received two challenges (p=0.000), without...
Assuntos
Cobaias , Camundongos , Asma , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , PneumoniaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: It is known that mechanical ventilation and many of its features may affect the evolution of inspiratory muscle strength during ventilation. However, this evolution has not been described, nor have its predictors been studied. In addition, a probable parallel between inspiratory and limb muscle strength evolution has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: To describe the variation over time of maximal inspiratory pressure during mechanical ventilation and its predictors. We also studied the possible relationship between the evolution of maximal inspiratory pressure and limb muscle strength. METHODS: A prospective observational study was performed in consecutive patients submitted to mechanical ventilation for > 72 hours. The maximal inspiratory pressure trend was evaluated by the linear regression of the daily maximal inspiratory pressure and a logistic regression analysis was used to look for independent maximal inspiratory pressure trend predictors. Limb muscle strength was evaluated using the Medical Research Council score. RESULTS: One hundred and sixteen patients were studied, forty-four of whom (37.9 percent) presented a decrease in maximal inspiratory pressure over time. The members of the group in which maximal inspiratory pressure decreased underwent deeper sedation, spent less time in pressure support ventilation and were extubated less frequently. The only independent predictor of the maximal inspiratory pressure trend was the level of sedation (OR=1.55, 95 percent CI 1.003 - 2.408; p = 0.049). There was no relationship between the maximal inspiratory pressure trend and limb muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS: Around forty percent of the mechanically ventilated patients had a decreased maximal inspiratory pressure during mechanical ventilation, which was independently associated with deeper levels of sedation. There was no relationship between the evolution of maximal inspiratory pressure and the muscular strength of the limb.