Auditory effects of recreational and occupational noise exposure among dental students: a cross-sectional study / Efectos auditivos producto de la exposición a ruido recreacional y dental en estudiantes de odontología: un estudio transversal

ABSTRACT Purpose: to determine the auditory effects of noise exposure from recreational and occupational sources among dentistry students. Methods: forty-two dentistry students, routinely exposed to occupational noise, and 72 students from other health science schools were recruited (control group). Audiometric testing, otoacoustic emissions and questionnaires to assess recreational and occupational noise were applied to the sample. The presence of a notch was determined for each participant audiometry´s test based on the criteria proposed by Coles et al. Differences in notch prevalence were analyzed by applying univariate regression models as well as a multivariate model adjusted by covariates. Results: non-significant differences in auditory thresholds between groups were found. The controls exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of a notch at 4 kHz than the group exposed to noise. However, the differences were not statistically significant in the multivariate model adjusted by recreational noise exposure. Conclusions: the occupational noise exposure was not significantly associated to auditory system dysfunction. In addition, the differences in notch prevalence could be related to recreational noise exposure.

RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar los efectos auditivos producto de la exposición a ruido recreacional y ocupacional en estudiantes de Odontología. Métodos: se reclutó a 42 estudiantes de odontología expuestos rutinariamente a ruido ocupacional, y a 72 estudiantes de otras carreras del área de la salud (grupo control). Se evaluó mediante audiometría, emisiones otoacústicas, junto con aplicar cuestionarios para determinar la exposición a ruido ocupacional y recreacional. A partir de los umbrales audiométricos e determinó la presencia de escotoma usando el criterio de Coles et al. Se analizaron las diferencias en prevalencia de escotomas entre los grupos mediante regresiones logísticas, ajustando por otras variables. Resultados: no existieron diferencias significativas en los umbrales audiométricos entre los grupos estudiados. El grupo control mostró mayor prevalencia de escotoma en 4 kHz al ajustar por sexo y edad, sin embargo, dejó de ser significativa al ajustar adicionalmente por exposición a ruido recreacional. Conclusiones: la exposición a ruido ocupacional no se asoció a alteraciones auditivas. Además, las diferencias en prevalencia de escotomas estarían relacionadas a exposición a ruido recreacional.

Niñez y adultez. diálogos frente a tensiones familiares, laborales y del cuidado / Childhood and adulthood. dialogues about tensions in the areas of family, work and care / Infância e fase adulta. diálogos diante a tensões familiares, laborais e do cuidado

En este artículo comparamos percepciones de niños y niñas de Chile con sus madres, respecto a tensiones y estrategias de articulación trabajo y familia. Realizamos un análisis situado en la trama de relaciones entre sujetos, y abordamos hallazgos emergentes de la interpretación de entrevistas a niños y niñas y adultas, estableciendo una comparación entre perspectivas en torno a tensiones, cuidado, tiempo y bienestar. Los resultados muestran que existe una percepción generalizada, y que el trabajo tensiona más a las madres que a los padres, debido a una carga de trabajo global mayor. Las madres reconocen que el principal equilibrio a alcanzar es cumplir adecuadamente ambas funciones. Los niños y las niñas tienen posiciones menos conservadoras que las que reflejan los estereotipos adultos.

This article analyses a range of perceptions of Chilean childrencompared to those of their mothers regarding tensions and strategies to articulate family life and work. An analysis is conducted based on the structure of the relationship between subjects. This studyaddresses the emerging findings from interviews with children and adults, establishing a comparisonof the perspectives regarding tension, care, time and well‒being. The results show that there is awidespread perception among children and their mothers that having a job causes more stress formothers than fathers, because they have an increased overall workload. Mothers recognized that themain balance to achieve is to fulfil both roles adequately. For these perspectives, children have lessconservative positions in comparison to those reflected in adults’stereotypes.

Este artigo compara percepções de crianças chilenas com suas mães,com relação às tensões e estratégias de articulação do trabalho e da família. Uma análise é realizada sobre a estrutura de relações entre sujeitos e aborda descobertas emergentes da interpretação de entrevistas com crianças e adultas, estabelecendo uma comparação entre perspectivas sobre tensões,cuidado, tempo e bem‒estar. Os resultados mostram a existência duma percepção generalizada,que o trabalho produz maior tensão nas mães do que nos pais, porque elas possuem maior carga de trabalho global. As mães reconhecem que o principal equilíbrio que se pode atingir é cumprir adequadamente as duas funções. As crianças têm posições menos conservadoras que as que refletemos estereótipos adultos.