RESUMO
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição mineral (macro e micronutrientes) dos substratos [(inicial e residual (pós-colheita)] à base de diferentes combinações de resíduos (folha, pseudocaule e pseudocaule + folha) e cultivares de bananeira - Musa spp. (Thap Maeo, Prata Anã, Pelipita e Caipira), durante 49 dias de cultivo da linhagem POS 09/100 de Pleurotus ostreatus. Verificaram-se que todos os substratos à base de resíduos de diferentes cultivares de bananeira apresentaram quantidades satisfatórias de nutrientes para o cultivo de P. ostreatus, tanto na fase inicial de cultivo como na final.(AU)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the mineral composition (macro e micronutrients) of the substrates [initial and residual (postharvest)] based on different combinations of waste (leaf, pseudo-stem and pseudo-stem + leaf) and banana cultivars - Musa spp. (Thap Maeo, Prata Anã, Pelipita and Caipira) during 49 days for the cultivation of POS 09/100 strain of P. ostreatus. It was verified that all of the substrates based on different combinations of waste and banana cultivars presented satisfactory amounts of nutrients for the cultivation of P. ostreatus, both in the initial phase of cultivation and in the end.(AU)
Assuntos
Pleurotus , Agaricales , Musa , FungosRESUMO
The objective of this research was to evaluate the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus- (Jacq.: Fr.) Kumm. cultivation in substrates based on different combinations of wastes (leaf, pseudo-stem and pseudo-stem + leaf) and banana cultivars - Musa spp. (Thap Maeo, Prata Anã, Pelipita and Caipira) during 49 days. Organic matter loss in the substrate by action of the fungus was also evaluated during that period. It was verified that the pseudo-stem waste provided the best averages of biological efficiency among all cultivars tested and best rates were obtained by Thap Maeo (61.5%). The highest organic matter loss (OML) was obtained from pseudo-stem + leaf wastes (Prata Anã - 78.6%; Thap Maeo - 67.6%; Pelipita - 64.8%; Caipira - 60.6%). Therefore, the use of those wastes showed itself viable for P. ostreatus cultivation due to its availability and low cost, besides decreasing discards to environment.
Assuntos
Micélio , Musa/enzimologia , Musa/genética , Pleurotus/enzimologia , Pleurotus/genética , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Resíduos , Amostras de Alimentos , Métodos , Eficiência Biológica RelativaRESUMO
Poor water quality condition has been pointed out as one of the major causes for the high mortality of ornamental fishes exported from the state of Amazonas, Brazil. The purpose of the current study was to define water quality standards for cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi), by establishing the lower and higher for lethal temperature (LT50), lethal concentration (LC50) for total ammonia and nitrite and LC50 for acid and alkaline pH. According to the findings, cardinal tetra is rather tolerant to high temperature (33.3 ºC), to a wide pH range (acid pH=2.9 and alkaline pH=8.8) and to high total ammonia concentration (23.7 mg/L). However, temperatures below 19.6 ºC and nitrite concentrations above 1.1 mg/L NO2- may compromise fish survival especially during long shipment abroad.
A má qualidade da água tem sido apontada como uma das maiores causas da alta mortalidade dos peixes ornamentais exportados pelo Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. A proposta deste estudo foi definir padrões de qualidade da água para o cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi), estabelecendo a menor e a maior temperatura letal (LT50), a concentração letal (LC50) para amônia total e nitrito e LC50 para pH ácido e alcalino. De acordo com os resultados, o cardinal tetra é mais tolerante a temperaturas elevadas (33,3 ºC), a amplos limites de pH (pH ácido = 2,9 e pH alcalino = 8,8) e a alta concentração de amônia (23,7 mg/L). Entretanto, temperaturas abaixo de 19,6 ºC e concentrações de nitrito acima de 1,1 mg/L NO2- podem comprometer a sobrevivência dos peixes, especialmente durante longos períodos de transporte para o exterior.