RESUMO
El establecimiento de la medicina genómica en México oferta la posibilidad de una mirada más integral de los factores etiológicos de las enfermedades, incorporando en una visión global la interacción del genoma con el ambiente. La nutrición es reconocida como determinante para algunas enfermedades, pero su interacción con polimorfismos, y en general con el genoma, ha sido poco estudiada. En México se informa alta prevalencia de polimorfismos en el gen metilenotetrahidrofolato reductasa, y tanto estudios clínicos como básicos la han relacionado con aumento de susceptibilidad para el desarrollo de enfermedad de Alzheimer. Esto ofrece una potencial aproximación nutrigenómica en el país.
The establishment of medical genomics in Mexico offers the possibility to study in a more comprehensive manner the etiological factors of different diseases, providing a global view of the interaction between the genome and the environment. Nutrition is recognized as a significant determinant in several diseases, yet its interaction with polymorphisms, and in general with the genome, has not been properly addressed Mexico has a high prevalence of polymorphisms of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene, and in both clinical and basic studies this has been associated with an increased susceptibility of developing Alzheimer's disease. We propose a potential nutrigenomic approach for the study of Alzheimer disease in Mexico.
Assuntos
Humanos , Doença de Alzheimer/enzimologia , Doença de Alzheimer/genética , /genética , Nutrigenômica , Polimorfismo Genético , MéxicoRESUMO
Nutritional genomics forms part of the genomic sciences and addresses the interaction between genes and the human diet, its influence on metabolism and subsequent susceptibility to develop common diseases. It encompasses both nutrigenomics, which explores the effects of nutrients on the genome, proteome and metabolome; and nutrigenetics, that explores the effects of genetic variations on the diet/disease interaction. A number of mechanisms drive the gene/diet interaction: elements in the diet can act as links for transcription factor receptors and alter intermediary concentrations, thereby modifying chromatin and impacting genetic regulation; affect signal pathways, regulating phosphorylation of tyrosine in receptors; decrease signaling through the inositol pathway; and act through epigenetic mechanisms, silencing DNA fragments by methylation of cytosine. The signals generated by polyunsaturated fatty acids are so powerful that they can even bypass insulin mediated lipogenesis, stimulated by carbohydrates. Some fatty acids modify the expression of genes that participate in fatty acid transport by lipoproteins. Nutritional genomics has myriad possible therapeutic and preventive applications: in patients with enzymatic deficiencies; in those with a genetic predisposition to complex diseases such as dyslipidemia, diabetes and cancer; in those that already suffer these diseases; in those with altered mood or memory; during the aging process; in pregnant women; and as a preventive measure in the healthy population.