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RESUMO Este artigo analisa a atual situação do ensino de bioética e cuidados paliativos nas escolas médicas do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O ensino de cuidados paliativos na graduação é importante para se compreender a relação escola-médico-equipe interdisciplinar de assistência à saúde no que diz respeito à terminalidade da vida humana. O estudo exploratório de caso e de natureza qualitativa utilizou três instrumentos operacionais: questionário, entrevista e documento informatizado. Foram estudadas 28 escolas médicas para se verificar como é realizado o ensino de bioética e cuidados paliativos. Foi também aplicado questionário a professores para avaliar o ensino desta temática, além de trabalho de campo, com aplicação de questionário estruturado a um grupo de alunos, em duas destas escolas, para aprofundamento do estudo, em dois momentos distintos da formação dos alunos, o que permitiu uma discussão crítica e transversal da formação acadêmica. Os resultados mostraram que o conhecimento de bioética com ênfase em cuidados paliativos e com a formação de médicos que atendam às necessidades emergentes desta área da saúde não está suficientemente contemplado nas escolas médicas do Estado de Minas Gerais, assim como não se observa uma correlação entre o ensino de bioética e o ensino de cuidados paliativos. Propõe-se uma reflexão e uma ação programática para a formação docente e subsequente inserção curricular específica e de caráter longitudinal do ensino de bioética e cuidados paliativos nos cursos de graduação das escolas médicas de Minas Gerais.
ABSTRACT This paper reviews the current status of the teaching of bioethics and palliative care in medical schools across the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The teaching of palliative care in the state’s medical courses is paramount to students’ understanding of the medicine-physician-interdisciplinary healthcare team’s handling of the terminal nature of human life. A case study of a qualitative nature was employed in order to analyze 28 medical schools registered by the Ministry of Education and Culture, with structured interviews conducted in the aim of identifying how palliative care is taught across the medical courses. Field work was therefore conducted via these structured interviews held with students in two medical schools. Thereafter, students in their final year of the medical course and on hospital-school internships in two medical schools were interviewed. The results show that those responsible for the curricula are unconcerned about knowledge dissemination in bioethics, with their focus instead on palliative care and on the training of physicians to provide support to emergent needs in this field of science. Considering the lack of concern over the teaching of bioethics with a focus on palliative care in the medical schools’ formal curricula, we propose a reflection and programmatic action on the training of teachers in this field of knowledge, as well as the insertion of palliative care teaching into the schools’ degree curricula.
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PURPOSE: To evaluate the renal and hepatic function, through biochemical analysis after 14 days of creatine supplementation in physically inactive rats. METHODS: Twenty four male, adult, Wistar rats were used which were kept in individual metabolic cages and were distributed into four groups, and received the following treatments by gavage:1) Control: distilled water; 2)Creatine 0.5g/Kg/day; 3) Creatine 1g/Kg/day; 4) Creatine 2g/Kg/day. Their urinary outputs as well as food and water intake were daily measured. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized and serum samples were stored for biochemical analysis. RESULTS: Creatine supplementation at the doses given produced no significant changes in plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, creatinine, urea, and creatinine clearance, compared to control group (p> 0.05) Similarly, water and food intake, as well as urinary output, did not show significant changes among the four groups studied. CONCLUSION: At the doses used, oral creatine supplementation did not result in renal and/or hepatic toxicity. .