Crotalaria and millet as alternative controls of root-knot nematodes infecting okra / Crotalária e milheto como controles alternativos de nematóides das galhas infectando quiabo

The relationship of crops grown in rotation or in succession has increased every day and the use of antagonistic plants and/or non-host plants is one of the most efficient practices of integrated management of nematodes. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilisRoth) and millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) Leeke] 'ADR 300' in reducing the population of Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica and in increasing the productivity of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] when cultivated in succession. The experiment was conducted in an area cultivating okra (host culture) in rotation, with a history of severe infestation by phytonematodes. The experimental design involved randomized blocks with six treatments and four replicates, with the following treatments: T1, 15 kg.ha-1 of millet seeds; T2, 30 kg.ha-1 of crotalaria; T3, 10 kg.ha-1 of millet + 20 kg.ha-1 of crotalaria; T4, 20 kg.ha-1 of millet + 6 kg.ha-1 of crotalaria; T5, 6 kg.ha-1 of millet + 36 kg.ha-1 of crotalaria; and T6, control. The nematode populations in the soil and roots were evaluated about 60 d after planting okra, and the yield was evaluated at the end of the crop cycle. Simple treatment with millet or crotalaria reduced the nematode population by 61% and 72%, respectively. The millet-crotalaria intercropping treatments reduced the nematode population by up to 85% compared with the control. In terms of productivity, there was an increase of 787 kg.ha-1 in the millet treatment and 2,109 kg.ha-1 in the intercropping treatments. Both the single cultivation of crotalaria or millet and the consortia of crotalaria and millet were effective in controlling the root-knot nematodes, and increased the productivity of okra.

A relação de culturas cultivadas em rotação ou em sucessão tem aumentado a cada dia, e a utilização de plantas antagônicas e/ou plantas não hospedeiras é uma das práticas mais eficientes de manejo integrado de nematoides. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência do cultivo de crotalária (Crotalaria spectabilis Roth) e milheto [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) Leeke] 'ADR 300' no incremento de produtividade e redução populacional de Meloidogyne incognita e M. javanica em quiabeiro [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] cultivado em sucessão. O experimento foi conduzido em área de rotação com quiabeiro (cultura hospedeira), que tem histórico de grande infestação dos referidos fitonematoides. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo T1 ₌ 15 kg.ha-1 de sementes de milheto, T2 ₌ 30 kg.ha-1 de crotalária, T3 ₌ 10 kg.ha-1 de milheto + 20 kg.ha-1 de crotalária, T4 ₌ 20 kg.ha-1 de milheto + 6 kg.ha-1 de crotalária, T5 ₌ 6 kg.ha-1 de milheto + 36 kg.ha-1 de crotalária e T6 ₌ Testemunha. Foram avaliadas as populações de nematoides no solo e nas raízes cerca de 60 dias após o plantio do quiabeiro e a produtividade ao final do cultivo. Os tratamentos milheto e crotalária solteiros reduziram a população de nematoides em 61 e 72%, respectivamente. Nos cultivos consorciados, obteve-se a redução de 85%, comparado com a testemunha. Quanto a produtividade, houve acréscimo de 787 kg.ha-1 no tratamento com milheto solteiro e de 2.109 kg.ha-1 nos tratamentos consorciados. Tanto o cultivo solteiro de crotalária e milheto, quanto seu uso em consórcio, efetivaram o controle dos nematoides de ganha e elevaram a produtividade do quiabeiro.

Is possible to rule out clinically significant prostate cancer using PI-RADS v2 for the assessment of prostate MRI?

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement of PI-RADS v2. Materials and Methods In this Institutional Review Board approved single-center retrospective study, 98 patients with clinically suspected PCa who underwent 3-T multiparametric MRI followed by MRI/TRUS fusion-guided prostate biopsy were included from June 2013 to February 2015. Two radiologists (R1 and R2) with 8 and 1 years of experience in abdominal radiology reviewed the MRI scans and assigned PI-RADS v2 scores in all prostate zones. PI-RADS v2 were compared to MRI/TRUS fusion-guided biopsy results, which were classified as negative, PCa, and significant PCa (sPCa). Results Sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV and accuracy for PCa was 85.7% (same for all metrics) for R1 and 81.6%, 79.6%, 81.2%, 80.0% and 80.6% for R2. For detecting sPCa, the corresponding values were 95.3%, 85.4%, 95.9%, 83.7% and 89.8% for R1 and 93.0%, 81.8%, 93.7%, 86.7% and 86.7% for R2. There was substantial interobserver agreement in assigning PI-RADS v2 score as negative (1, 2, 3) or positive (4, 5) (Kappa=0.78). On multivariate analysis, PI-RADS v2 (p <0.001) was the only independent predictor of sPCa compared with age, abnormal DRE, prostate volume, PSA and PSA density. Conclusions Our study population demonstrated that PI-RADS v2 had high diagnostic accuracy, substantial interobserver agreement, and it was the only independent predictor of sPCa.

Trombose venosa de membros inferiores: diagnóstico e manejo na emergência / Venous thrombosis of lower members: diagnosis and emergency management

Este trabalho tem por objetivo facilitar o diagnóstico da trombose venosa de membros inferiores, diferenciando-a entre superficial e profunda, para que seja instituído o tratamento mais adequado para cada caso.

This article aims to facilitate the diagnosis of lower extremity venous thrombosis, differentiating between superficial and deep, and choose appropriate treatment for each case to be imposed.

Associação entre o consumo de tabaco e a progressão do câncer superficial da bexiga / Amount of tobacco consumption is associated with superficial bladder cancer progression

Objective: To evaluate the association between smoking habits and outcome of patients with superficial bladder cancer. Methods: A retrospective study was performed evaluating 99 patients (67.0 ± 13.2 years, ranging from 31.4-93.4 years, 72.7% males and 27.3% females) treated at our institution with non muscle-invasive bladder cancer, between 1994 and 2000, with a mean follow-up of 49.3 months (range 4.0-177.9 months). Patients were divided according to smoking status, and the main measured outcome was progression to invasive disease. Additional cohort analysis was performed dividing patients according to previous tobacco exposure: smokers and non-smokers. Smokers were stratified into former smokers, early-quitters, late quitters and continued smokers. Results: Smoking habit was significantly more common in males (p = 0.03). Cancer also occurred at an earlier age among smokers (70.8 versus 64.8 years, p = 0.030). Tobacco consumption was present in 62.7% of the patients with bladder cancer. There was a significant higher progression rate to muscle-invasive disease in patients that had more than 60 pack-years of exposure (52.9 versus 26.2%, p = 0.037). These patients had a mean progression time of 59.3 months, whereas patients who had smoked less than 60 pack-years progressed after a mean time of 131.8 months. Conclusions: A direct association between the amount of tobacco consumed and disease progression is observed in patients with bladder cancer, as suggested by the present study. Tobacco consumption has a direct association with progression of superficial bladder cancer to invasive disease and also shortens the period of time for muscle invasion. Larger and prospective studies are still necessary to bring further definitive conclusions about reproducibility of our data and to better understand how smoking cessation affects progression of superficial bladder cancer.

Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre os hábitos tabágicos e a evolução de pacientes com carcinoma urotelial de bexiga superficial. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo com 99 pacientes (67,0 ± 13,2 anos, variando de 31,4-93,4 anos, 72,7% homens e 27,3% mulheres) tratados de carcinoma urotelial de bexiga não-invasivo entre 1994 e 2000, com seguimento médio de 49,3 meses (4,0-177,9 meses). Os pacientes foram divididos em tabagistas e não-tabagistas, e os tabagistas foram subestratificados entre ex-tabagistas, interruptores precoces, interruptores tardios e tabagistas persistentes. O principal desfecho avaliado foi a progressão para doença invasiva. Resultados: O tabagismo foi mais comum entre os homens (p = 0,03), sendo que 62,6% do total de pacientes avaliados eram tabagistas. O diagnóstico do câncer ocorreu em uma idade mais precoce entre os tabagistas (70,8 versus 64,8 anos, p = 0,03). Observou-se uma progressão significativamente maior para doença invasiva entre os pacientes com carga tabágica acima de 60 maços/ano (52,9 versus 26,2%, p = 0,037). Estes pacientes tiveram um tempo de progressão de 59,3 versus 131,8 meses para aqueles com menor carga tabágica. Conclusões: Há associação direta entre a carga tabágica e progressão do carcinoma urotelial de bexiga para doença músculo-invasiva em um curto intervalo de tempo. Estudos prospectivos e com maior número de pacientes são necessários para entender como a interrupção do tabagismo afeta a progressão do carcinoma superficial de bexiga.

Estudo experimental da resposta tecidual à presença de celulose produzida por Acetobacter xylinum no dorso nasal de coelhos / Experimental study of the tissue reaction caused by the presence of cellulose produced by Acetobacter Xylinum in the nasal dorsum of rabbits

Vários materiais são propostos para reconstrução nasal, não havendo consenso sobre qual o melhor. A manta de celulose produzida por bactéria pode ser mais um elemento para adição cartilaginosa. Não há estudos deste material no dorso nasal. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a resposta tecidual à presença da celulose bacteriana no dorso nasal de coelhos. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 22 coelhos Nova Zelândia, sendo que em 20 deles foi implantada a manta de celulose no dorso nasal e em 2 controles nada foi feito. Foram acompanhados por um período de três e seis meses, sendo então retirados as regiões do dorso nasal e narinas dos coelhos e realizado estudo histopatológico levando em consideração parâmetros definidos de condição inflamatória como congestão vascular, intensidade do processo inflamatório e presença de exsudato purulento. RESULTADOS: O processo inflamatório manteve-se estável, demonstrando sua relação com o procedimento cirúrgico, e não com a presença da manta de celulose. Nos demais parâmetros estudados não houve diferença estatisticamente significante. CONCLUSÃO: A manta de celulose de Acetobacter xylinum mostrou boa biocompatibilidade e manteve-se estável no decorrer do tempo de estudo, podendo ser considerada um bom material para uso na elevação do dorso nasal.

Several materials have been proposed for nasal reconstruction. There is no consensus on which is the best. The cellulose blanket produced by bacteria may be a possible cartilaginous addition element to the nose. AIM: to study tissue reaction to cellulose in the dorsal nose of rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 22 New Zealand rabbits were used. In 20 a cellulose blanket was implanted in the nasal dorsum and 2 served as controls. They were followed up through a period of three and six months, after which their nostrils and nasal dorsums were removed and histological studies were carried out on them, considering defined parameters of inflammation such as vascular congestion, intensity of the inflammatory process and presence of purulent exudate. RESULTS: The inflammatory process remained stable, showing its relationship with the surgical procedure and not with the presence of the cellulose blanket. There were no statistical differences in the other parameters. CONCLUSION: The cellulose blanket produced by Acetobacter xylinum presented good biocompatibility, remained stable during the entire study period, and could be considered a good material for elevating the nasal dorsum.

Prostate biopsies containing prostate intraepithelial neoplasia and atypical small acinar proliferation: what to do? / Biópsias prostáticas contendo neoplasia intraepitelial e proliferação acinar atípica: o que fazer?

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia and atypical small acinar proliferations on a contemporary series, and their relation to posterior diagnosis of prostate cancer. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with 6,490 consecutive men submitted to extended prostate biopsies between 2000 and 2005 at a single institution. Of these, 400 men (6.16%) had atypical small acinar proliferation or high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and 43 had at least one follow-up biopsy. Results: The overall incidence of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was 4.6% and 1.4% for atypical small acinar proliferation. High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia plus atypical small acinar proliferation occurred in 0.11% of men. The detection rates of prostate cancer on repeated biopsies were of 38.5 and 53.6% for high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and atypical small acinar proliferation, respectively. All patients with high- grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia plus atypical small acinar proliferation who had a repeated biopsy were diagnosed with prostate cancer. There was a higher risk of diagnosing prostate cancer in a site close to previous atypical small acinar proliferation (OR = 5.93; p = 0.015). Conclusions: After high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or atypical small acinar proliferation finding on extended biopsies, close follow-up is recommended, and repeated biopsies should be done according to clinical data as well. Rebiopsies should be strongly recommended when the association high- grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia plus atypical small acinar proliferation is present, or when atypical small acinar proliferation is found only after the second biopsy. Repeated biopsies after an atypical small acinar proliferation finding should be always randomized, but sites of atypical small acinar proliferation should be more extensively sampled.

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a frequência de neoplasia intraepitelial prostática de alto grau e de proliferações atípicas de pequenos ácinos em uma série atual, e sua relação com o diagnóstico de câncer de próstata. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo com 6.490 homens submetidos consecutivamente a biópsia estendida de próstata entre 2000 e 2005. Destes, 400 (6,16%) apresentaram proliferações atípicas de pequenos ácinos ou neoplasia intraepitelial prostática de alto grau, e 43 foram submetidos à rebiópsias. Resultados: A incidência de neoplasia intraepitelial prostática de alto grau foi de 4,6% e, de proliferações atípicas de pequenos ácinos, 1,4%. Neoplasia intraepitelial prostática de alto grau mais proliferações atípicas de pequenos ácinos ocorreu em 0,11% dos homens. Detecção de câncer de próstata em rebiópsias ocorreu em 38,5 e 53,6% dos homens com neoplasia intraepitelial prostática de alto grau e proliferações atípicas de pequenos ácinos, respectivamente. Todos os homens com neoplasia intraepitelial prostática de alto grau mais proliferações atípicas de pequenos ácinos apresentaram câncer de próstata em rebiópsias. Observou-se um risco elevado de detecção de câncer de próstata próximo ao local onde ocorreram proliferações atípicas de pequenos ácinos previamente (OR = 5,93; p = 0,015). Conclusões: Após o achado de neoplasia intraepitelial prostática de alto grau ou proliferações atípicas de pequenos ácinos em biópsias estendidas, seguimento cauteloso é recomendado, e rebiópsias devem ser realizadas de acordo com dados clínicos. Rebiópsias são fortemente recomendadas quando há associação da neoplasia intraepitelial prostática de alto grau mais proliferações atípicas de pequenos ácinos, ou quando proliferações atípicas de pequenos ácinos são encontradas a partir da segunda biópsia repetida. Rebiópsias após proliferações atípicas de pequenos ácinos devem ser randomizadas, porém locais onde ocorreu o achado de proliferações atípicas de pequenos ácinos devem ser mais extensivamente representados.

Long-term follow-up of advanced bladder adenocarcinoma / Seguimento a longo prazo do adenocarcinoma avançado da bexiga

Objective: to evaluate patients treated with primary bladder adenocarcinoma at our institution. Methods: A review of 30 patients diagnosed with bladder adenocarcinoma at a single institution from 1994 of 2005 was undertaken. Cases of primary bladder adenocarcinoma were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Out of 490 patients with bladder carcinoma, 30 had bladder adenocarcinoma: 22 metastatic tumors, eight (1.6%) primary adenocarcinoma. Of these, three (0.6%) were primary non-urachal and five (1.0%) were urachal adenocarcinoma. All patients were men with mean age of 55.8 years (range 37-83). Dysuria and hematuria were the main symptoms reported. Of the total, four patients had cancer-related mortality. Conclusion: Primary bladder adenocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm, observed in 1.6% patients with bladder malignancies. Late diagnosis limits therapeutic possibilities. Partial cystectomy seems to have unsatisfactory results and radical cystectomy, although remains as the gold standard, have no proven efficacy. New methods of adjuvant treatment must be studied to improve treatment outcomes, as high mortality is observed despite treatment.

Objetivo: avaliar pacientes com adenocarcinoma primário da bexiga tratados em uma instituição. Métodos: foi realizada uma revisão em 30 pacientes diagnosticados com adenocarcinoma da bexiga, em uma única instituição, no período de 1994 a 2005. Os casos de adenocarcinoma primário da bexiga foram avaliados retrospectivamente. Resultados: dos 490 pacientes tratados com carcinoma da bexiga, 30 tinham adenocarcinoma da bexiga: 22 eram tumores metastáticos, oito (1,6%) tinham adenocarcinoma primário. Destes, três (0,6%) eram não-úraco primários e cinco (1,0%) do úraco. Todos os pacientes eram homens com média de idade de 55,8 anos (entre 37-83). Disúria e hematúria foram os sintomas predominantes. Do total, quatro pacientes tiveram mortalidade relacionada ao câncer. Conclusões: adenocarcinoma da bexiga é um tumor raro, observado em 1,6% dos pacientes com neoplasias da bexiga. O diagnóstico tardio limita as possibilidades terapêuticas. A cistectomia parcial parece ter resultados pouco satisfatórios e a cistectomia radical, embora permaneça o padrão ouro, não provou eficácia. Novos métodos de tratamentos adjuvantes devem ser estudados para melhorar os resultados terapêuticos, pois alta mortalidade é observada mesmo após o tratamento.

Avaliação da resposta inflamatória traqueal ao curativo de celulose bacteriana após escarificação cirúrgica em coelhos / Tracheal inflammatory response to bacterial cellulose dressing after surgical scarification in rabbits

Dentre as causas de insucesso nas cirurgias para a estenose traqueal está a formação de tecidos de cicatrização exuberantes. O uso de curativos para evitar esta reação pode ser de grande valia nestes casos. A celulose bacteriana produzida por acetobacter xylinun pode ser útil nestes casos. Não há estudos na região laringotraqueal. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a resposta tecidual subglótica de coelhos após escarificação e colocação de curativo de celulose, comparando com grupo controle. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Experimental MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 26 coelhos, submetidos a escarificação da região laringotraqueal e tratados com curativo e comparados com controle. Foram estabelecidos 4 tempos de seguimento. Os seguimentos laringotraqueais foram examinados histologicamente e os resultados foram avaliados estaticamente. RESULTADOS: O grupo de estudo evoluiu com o passar do tempo com resultados estatisticamente semelhantes ao do grupo controle, nos parâmetros Congestão vascular, Exsudato purulento, Inflamação aguda, Integridade do epitélio, Proliferação fibrosa e Reação granulomatosa. CONCLUSÃO: Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos controle e de estudo quanto aos parâmetros inflamatórios ou cicatriciais. Não houve sinais inflamatórios relacionados ao uso da membrana de celulose que não tivessem ocorrido devido ao traumatismo cirúrgico.

Exuberant scarring tissue formation is among the failure causes of tracheal stenosis surgery. Dressings that could avoid such reaction could be very helpful in these cases. Bacterial cellulose, produced by acetobacter xylinun can be useful in these cases. There are no studies in the laryngotracheal region. AIM: to assess subglottic tissue response in rabbits after scarification and placement of cellulose dressing, and comparing it to a control group. STUDY DESIGN: experimental. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 26 rabbits underwent laryngotracheal scarification, received the dressing and were compared to the control group. We established four follow up periods. Laryngotracheal specimens underwent histological exam and the results were statistically assessed. RESULTS: the study group had statistically similar results when compared to the control group in the following parameters: vascular congestion, purulent oozing, acute inflammation, epithelial integrity, fibrous proliferation and granulous proliferation. CONCLUSION: we did not observe differences between the study and control groups as far as inflammation and scarring are concerned. There were no inflammatory signs associated with the use of the cellulose membrane that did no occur because of surgery.

Estudo comparativo entre diversas técnicas de confecção de modelo experimental de sinusite inflamatória em coelhos / Comparative study of several sinusitis experimental modelling techniques in rabbits

A criação de modelos de estudo das rinossinusites é necessária para compreensão de seus aspectos fisiopatológicos. OBJETIVO: Sugerimos neste estudo estabelecer um modelo experimental fidedigno, reproduzível e consistente para a rinossinusite inflamatória sem uso de inoculação de agentes infecciosos em coelhos. Tipo de Estudo: Experimental. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 20 coelhos neste estudo. Os animais foram submetidos a 4 intervenções diferentes: colocação de tampão de esponja unilateral, obliteração unilateral de óstio nasal com cianoacrilato, instilação unilateral de antígenos em seio maxilar e instilação de sangue em cavidade maxilar unilateral. Os animais foram acompanhados até 15 dias do início do estudo e ao final do período de seguimento foram anestesiados e sacrificados. Os seios maxilares foram avaliados histologicamente e os resultados comparados com os seios maxilares contralaterais para controle e entre os grupos de intervenção. RESULTADOS: Todos os animais do estudo desenvolveram rinorréia amarelada unilateral até o 15º dia de acompanhamento. Apenas os animais que receberam sangue não apresentaram alterações histológicas compatíveis com rinossinusite purulenta. CONCLUSÕES: O uso de esponja e cola para obstrução do óstio meatal e a aplicação de toxóide são eficientes como produtores de modelo de rinossinusite. A aplicação de sangue no antro não produz os mesmos resultados.

Experimental models for clinical studies of rhinosinusitis are needed. AIM: to define a reliable, solid and reproducible experimental model for inflammatory rhinosinusitis with no innoculation of infectious agents in rabbits. Study design: Experimental. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Twenty 20 rabbits were divided into 4 groups submitted to 4 different interventions: the placement of a unilateral nasal fossa sponge, unilateral obliteration of the nasal ostium with cyanoacrylate, unilateral placement of antigens in the maxillary cavity and unilateral placement of blood in the maxillary cavity. The animals were monitored for 15 days and then anesthetized and sacrificed; the maxillary sinuses were evaluated histologicaly and results were compared with controls and between the intervention groups. CONCLUSION: Sponje and glue as agents of meatal obstruction and toxoid aplied in the antrum are efficient as methods for rhinosinusitis modeling. Blood was not efficient in producing sinusitis.

Carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter

OBJECTIVE: To assess the occurrence of upper urinary tract urothelial tumors (UUTT) in Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a clinical and histopathologic study of 33 patients who were diagnosed with a malignant neoplasm in the renal pelvis or ureter in the period of 1994 to 2004, in a single institution. RESULTS: Among the patients with upper urinary tract carcinoma, 70 percent were males and 30 percent females, with mean age of 65 ± 16 years (ranging from 31 to 91 years). Nineteen patients presented renal pelvis tumor (58 percent), 9 ureteral tumor (27 percent) and 5 synchronic pelvic and ureteral tumors (15 percent). Renal pelvis tumors represented 2.8 percent of all the urothelial neoplasms, and 11.4 percent of all renal neoplasms treated in the same period. Ureteral tumors represented 1.6 percent of all the urothelial malignancies surgically managed in these 11 years. Tobacco smoking was the most common risk factor, and analgesic abuse was not reported by those patients. Most carcinomas were high-grade and muscle-invasive. Mean time to diagnosis was 7 months, being hematuria the most common symptom. CONCLUSIONS: A high association was also found between UUTT and bladder urothelial carcinoma. UUTT were mostly seen in men in their seventies and related to a high overall and cancer-related mortality rate. The overall disease-specific survival was 40 percent, much lower than found in most of the reported series.

Coexistence of prostate neoplasia in patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy due to vesical neoplasia

OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of bladder carcinoma infiltrating the prostate and prostate adenocarcinoma in patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy due to bladder cancer, as well as to assess if the characteristics of the bladder neoplasia influence the prostatic involvement by this neoplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively assessed 60 male patients, who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy between July 1997 and December 2003. Mean age was 66.7 years (40 and 93 years). The product of radical cystoprostatectomies was checked for involvement of urethra and prostate parenchyma by the primary neoplasia, and for the presence of associated prostate adenocarcinoma. Bladder neoplasia characteristics, such as localization, size, multifocality, association with in situ carcinoma and histological grade, were studied in order to assess the possibility of using such characteristics as predictive factors of prostate infiltration by bladder urothelial carcinoma. RESULTS: We observed the presence of 20 percent of patients with bladder carcinoma infiltrating the prostatic urethra, 23.3 percent of patients with infiltration of the prostate parenchyma and 28.3 percent of patients with associate prostate adenocarcinoma, resulting in a total of 55 percent of patients with prostatic involvement (infiltrative bladder carcinoma and/or adenocarcinoma). We also observed a statistically significant correlation between tumor location in the trigone, the presence of in situ carcinoma and the histological grade of the bladder tumor with prostatic infiltration by the vesical neoplasia. CONCLUSION: The coexistence of prostatic neoplasia in patients operated for bladder neoplasia was frequent in our sample (55 percent). We observed that the prostatic infiltration by bladder tumors occurs more frequently with tumors located in the trigone, with associated in situ carcinoma and with high histological grade. There was no correlation between neoplastic infiltration of prostate and multifocality or size of the bladder tumor in the studied sample.