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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(1): 68-77, ene. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-902623

RESUMO

Recently, we have witnessed major improvements in cancer treatment. Early diagnosis and development of new therapies have reduced cancer-related mortality. However, these new therapies, along with greater patient survival, are associated with an increase in untoward effects, particularly in the cardiovascular system. Although cardiotoxicity induced by oncologic treatments affects predominantly the myocardium, it can also involve other structures of the cardiovascular system, becoming one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in those who survive cancer. The main objective of cardio-oncology is to achieve the maximum benefits of oncologic treatments while minimizing their deleterious cardiovascular effects. It harbors the stratification of patients at risk of cardiotoxicity, the implementation of diagnostic tools (imaging techniques and biomarkers) for early diagnosis, preventive strategies and early treatment options for the complications. Herein, we discuss the basic knowledge for the implementation of cardio-oncology units and their role in the management of cancer patients, the diagnostic tools available to detect cardiotoxicity and the present therapeutic options.


Assuntos
Humanos , Radioterapia/efeitos adversos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Cardiotoxicidade/etiologia , Cardiotoxicidade/prevenção & controle , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Biomarcadores , Fatores de Risco , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/classificação
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 136(4): 442-450, abr. 2008. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-484919

RESUMO

Background: Nearly 10 percent of patients with an actual acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are discharged with an inadequate diagnosis. Aim To select clinical and laboratory predictors to identify patients with a high likelihood of ACS in the Chest Pain Unit. Material and methods: Prospective evaluation of patients consulting in a Chest Pain Unit of a University Hospital. Initial assessment was standardized and included evaluation of pain characteristics, electrocardiogram and Troponin I. Independent predictors of ACS were identified with a multiple logistic regression. Results: In a four years period, 1,168 patients aged 62±23 years (69 percent males), were studied. After initial evaluation, 62 percent of the patients were admitted to the hospital for further testing and in 71 percent of them, a definite diagnosis of ACS was made. No events were reported by patients directly discharged from the Chest Pain Unit. Independent predictors associated with a higher likelihood of ACS were an abnormal electrocardiogram at the initial evaluation (Odds ratio (OR) 5.37, 95 percent confidence intervals (CI) 3.61-7.99), two or more cardiovascular risk factors (OR 2.16, 95 percent CI 1.21-2.84), cervical irradiation of the pain (OR 1.84, 95 percent CI 1.25-2.69), age over 65years (OR 1.73, 95 percent CI (1.32-2.27) and a Troponin I above the upper normal limit (OR: 5.68, 95 percent CI 3.72-8.29). Conclusions: Simple clinical findings allow an appropriate identification of patients with a high likelihood of ACS without specialized methods for myocardial ischemia detection.


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/diagnóstico , Dor no Peito/diagnóstico , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Dor no Peito/sangue , Eletrocardiografia , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Razão de Chances , Alta do Paciente , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Troponina I/sangue
4.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 24(2): 132-137, abr.-jun. 2005. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-423527

RESUMO

Introducción: Carvedilol es un bloqueador adrenérgico que mejora el remodelamiento ventricular izquierdo y reduce la morbi-mortalidad de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva (ICC). Esto podría estar relacionado con una corrección de la sincronía ventricular. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de Carvedilol sobre la sincronía en la contracción ventricular en pacientes con ICC. Métodos: Se estudiaron 30 pacientes con ICC estable, capacidad funcional NYHA (CF) II-III, fracción de eyección (FE) < 40 por ciento, los cuales estaban tratados en forma habitual. Se excluyeron pacientes usuarios de betabloqueadores o de marcapaso. Se realizó ventriculografía radioisotópica de equilibrio, al inicio y posterior a la terapia con Carvedilol por 6 meses, para evaluar la función sistólica y la sincronía ventricular. La sincronía interventricular fue calculada mediante la diferencia de promedio de fase de ambos ventrículos y la intraventricular usando la desviación estándar del análisis de fase. Resultados: La edad fue 55 ± 13 años, 71 por ciento hombres, 35 por ciento de etiología isquémica y 29 por ciento con bloqueo completo de rama izquierda (BCRI). Posterior a la terapia con Carvedilol (dosis promedio de 22 mg, rango de 6.25 – 50 mg/día) hubo una mejoría en la CF y en la distancia recorrida en 6 min (499 ± 18 m a 534 ± 17 m ). La FE mejoró de 24 ± 8.3 por ciento a 31 ± 11. 3 por ciento (p<0.001). En los pacientes con peor sincronía, bajo el percentil 50, mejoró la sincronía intraventricular (113 ± ms vs. 94 ± 38 ms, p=0.02) e interventricular (62.8 ± 7 ms vs. 39.4 ± 9 ms, p=0.02). Los pacientes con etiología no isquémica tuvieron una mejoría en la sincronía intraventricular (103.8 ± 7 ms vs 78.3 ± 12 ms, p=0.04) e interventricular (68.1 ± 9 ms vs. 35.3 ± 12 ms, p=0.02). En aquellos sin BCRI mejoró la sincronía intraventricular (112.1 ± 8 ms vs. 88.5 ± 11.2 ms, p=0.01). No hubo cambios significativos en pacientes con causa isquémica o con BCRI. Conclusiones: En pacientes con IC y disfunción ventricular izquierda, Carvedilol mejora la sincronía intra e interventricular. Estos efectos podrían estar relacionados a una acción favorable sobre el remodelamiento cardíaco.


Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta , Disfunção Ventricular/tratamento farmacológico , Função Ventricular , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Remodelação Ventricular , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta , Técnicas de Diagnóstico por Radioisótopos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Disfunção Ventricular , Seguimentos , Resultado do Tratamento , Teste de Esforço
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