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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 145(6): 755-759, June 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1043143

RESUMO

Background: Early inappropriate antibiotic therapy for the management of urosepsis is associated with higher mortality. Therefore, to establish an adequate empirical therapy is crucial. Aim: To determine an optimal antibiotic treatment, adjusted according local bacterial resistance in patients diagnosed with urosepsis secondary to ureteral lithiasis. Material and Methods: Urine cultures and blood cultures from a prospective cohort of patients with ureteral lithiasis admitted for urosepsis in our center between November 2013 and May 2016, were reviewed. Patients who presented two or more criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and positive blood or urine cultures were admitted. Antimicrobial sensitivity patters derived from cultures were analyzed to describe bacterial susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics. Results: Data from 31 patients were analyzed. Seventeen blood cultures (55%) and 29 urine cultures (94%) were positive. The most commonly isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli in 65% of the cultures, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Enterococcus faecalis. After performing an analysis of sensitivity and resistance for all bacteria in both blood and urine cultures, amikacin showed the highest sensitivity (100%), followed by 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins. Conclusions: Amikacin demonstrated higher antibiotic sensitivity in comparison to other antibiotics for empirical management of patients with urosepsis secondary to ureteral lithiasis.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Infecções Urinárias/urina , Amicacina/farmacologia , Sepse/urina , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Infecções Urinárias/etiologia , Infecções Urinárias/sangue , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estudos Prospectivos , Sepse/etiologia , Sepse/sangue , Ureterolitíase/complicações , Hemocultura
2.
Rev. chil. urol ; 82(2): 26-33, 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-905956

RESUMO

Introducción. La urolitiasis es una patología prevalente en el mundo occidental. Hoy en día, existen distintas opciones terapéuticas para el manejo de esta patología en sus diferentes formas de presentación. En la mayoría de estas situaciones, se dispone de guías clínicas que orientan el manejo. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la adherencia a guías clínicas de manejo de urolitiasis frente a situaciones hipotéticas, por parte de urólogos pertenecientes a la Sociedad Chilena de Urología. Materiales y Métodos. Se diseñó una encuesta en línea, a través de la plataforma Formularios de Google, consistente de preguntas generales para caracterizar a los encuestados y 11 preguntas de selección múltiple de casos clínicos hipotéticos. Los escenarios clínicos variaban en: localización, tamaño, densidad del cálculo y tiempo de evolución. La encuesta fue difundida a través de correo electrónico de urólogos pertenecientes a la Sociedad Chilena de Urología. Se excluyó del análisis a urólogos infantiles. Las variables tiempo de ejercicio profesional y número de pacientes manejados fueron dicotomizadas según media. Se realizó análisis estadístico con test exacto de Fisher. Resultados. 67 urólogos contestaron la encuesta. El 98,5 por ciento era de adultos; 73,1 por ciento realizó residencia de 3 años de duración. Un 38,8 por ciento manejó más de 80 pacientes con litiasis en el último año. La media de años de ejercicio como especialista fue 13,8 años. Un 56,1 por ciento tenían menos de 14 años de ejercicio y 43,9 por ciento 14 o más. No se observó diferencia significativa en cuanto a adherencia a guías clínicas en los distintos escenarios de litiasis ureteral, entre los grupos dicotomizados por años de ejercicio (p=0,47) ni al dicotomizarlos por número de pacientes manejados (P=0,63). Un 48 por ciento adhiere a terapia médica expulsiva y un 68 por ciento a terapia quirúrgica (p=0,000009). Conclusiones. Una mayoría de los urólogos encuestados refiere utilizar opciones terapéuticas similares a las recomendadas por las guías clínicas. No se observó diferencia en las conductas propuestas entre los grupos de mayor o menor experiencia profesional ni entre los grupos con mayor o menor número de pacientes manejados por urolitiasis. (AU)


SUMMARY Introduction. Urolithiasis is a prevalent pathology in the western world. There are different therapeutic options for the management of this pathology in its different forms of presentation. In most of these situations, clinical guidelines are available. Our objective was to determine the adherence in certain hypothetical situations to clinical guidelines of urolithiasis management, by urologists belonging to Sociedad Chilena de Urología. Materials y Methods. An online survey was developed using Google Forms platform, consisting of general questions to characterize the respondents and 11 multiple-choice questions of hypothetical clinical cases. The clinical scenarios varied in: location, size, density of the calculi and time. The survey was sent via email to urologists belonging to Sociedad Chilena de Urología. Pediatric urologists were excluded from analysis. Two variables: years of practice as a specialist and number of patients treated, were dichotomized according to mean. Statistical analysis was performed with Fisher's exact test. Results. 67 urologists answered the survey. 98.5 pertcent were non-pediatric urologists; 73.1 pertcent completed residence for 3 years. 38.8 pertcent treated more than 80 patients with lithiasis in the last year. Average number of years of practice as a specialist was 13.8 years. 56.1 pertcent had less than 14 years of exercise and 43.9 pertcent had 14 or more. There was no significant difference in adherence to clinical guidelines in the different scenarios of ureteral lithiasis between groups dichotomized by years of exercise (p = 0.47) or dichotomized by number of patients treated (p = 0.63). 48 pertcent adhered to medical expulsive therapy and 68 percent to surgical therapy (p = 0.000009). Conclusions. Most urologists surveyed use similar therapeutic options to those recommended by clinical guidelines. No difference was observed between groups of greater or lesser professional experience nor among groups with greater or lesser number of patients managed by urolithiasis. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Urolitíase , Terapêutica , Ureter , Litíase
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