Avaliação da massa ventricular esquerda em hipertensos com tolerância à glicose diminuída / Evaluation of left ventricular mass in hypertensive patients with decreased glucose tolerance

Fundamentos: cresce em importância a relação entre níveis glicêmicos aumentados, porém não diabéticos (tolerância à glicose diminuída - TGD), fator de risco cardiovascular e hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (HVE). Objetivo: avaliar a massa do ventrículo esquerdo (MVE) em pacientes hipertensos sob tratamento ambulatorial e com TGD. Materiais e métodos: foram avaliados 358 pacientes hipertensos (com média de idade 59 ± 11 anos), divididos em três grupos: grupo I (hipertensos); grupo II (hipertensos com TGD) e grupo III (hipertensos com diabetes tipo 2). Em todos os pacientes foi realizado o ecocardiograma e utilizada a fórmula de Devereux para o cálculo da massa do ventrículo esquerdo (MVE). Para o índice de MVE (IMVE) foram considerados valores normais de até 89 e 103 g/m² para mulheres e homens, respectivamente. Utilizou-se o teste estatístico ANOVA complementado pelo teste de Tukey e Bonferroni para detectar diferenças entre os grupos. Resultados: a média do IMVE foi de 110,2 ± 33,0; 117,6 ± 30,1 e 128,0 ± 46,8 g/m² nos grupos I, II e III, respectivamente, sendo que 65,1% (grupo I), 74,6% (grupo II) e 80,5% (grupo III) dos pacientes apresentaram aumento do IMVE. Não houve diferença estatística no aumento de IMVE entre os grupos I e II, mas foi significantemente maior no grupo III, quando comparado com o grupo I. Conclusões: o grupo dos pacientes hipertensos com TGD (grupo II) não apresentou aumento de MVE estatisticamente significante em relação aos não intolerantes (grupo I) e o grupo de pacientes hipertensos e diabéticos apresentou aumento significante da MVE em relação ao grupo de hipertensos (grupo I).

Background: It is growing in importance the correlation between elevated glycemic levels (impaired glucose tolerance) but no overt diabetes and the risk factor of cardiovascular disease and increased cardiac mass. Objective: We sought to determine the left ventricular mass (LVM) in hypertensive patients under treatment and with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Materials and methods: 358 patients were evaluated (mean age 59 ± 11 years) separated in three groups: group I (hypertension); group II (hypertension and IGT) and group III (hypertension and diabetes mellitus 2). Echocardiograms were performed in all patients and the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated using the Devereux's criteria and values greater than 110 and 134 g/m² for women and man, respectively, were considered for left ventricular hypertrophy. The statistic methods ANOVA together with Tukey and Bonferroni tests were executed to detect differences among groups. Results: 110,2 ± 33,0; 117,6 ± 31,0 and 128,0 ± 46,8 g/m² were the mean of LVMI for groups I, II and III, respectively. The increasing of LVM was 65,1% (group I), 74,6% (group II) and 80,5% (group III). There was not statistic difference between groups I and II in relation to increasing of LVMI, but it was significantly greater in group III. Conclusions: The increasing of LVMI was not observed in the impaired glucose tolerance hypertensive patients when compared with normoglycemic hypertensive patients and the increasing of LVMI was significant in diabetic hypertensive patients.

Alterações eletrocardiográficas nas doenças neurológicas / Electrocardiographic abnormalities in neurological diseases

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with neurologic diseases. METHODS: We studied 161 patients with neurologic disorders by analyzing the 12-lead electrocardiogram during the pathological process. An expert who did not know anything about the patients evaluated the traces. RESULTS: Neurological process included brain tumor (41 percent), stroke (27.3 percent), cerebral aneurysm (15.5 percent), subarachnoid hemorrhage (6.8 percent), subdural hemorrhage (5 percent), and head injury (4.4 percent). Electrocardiograms were normal in 61 percent of cases, and the most frequent abnormality was ventricular repolarization (23.7 percent). The presence of T waves (4.6 percent) and prolonged QT intervals (8.8 percent) was the most characteristic of brain injuries. CONCLUSION: We observed a lower incidence of electrocardiographic abnormalities than that described in the literature