RESUMO
Background: A low socioeconomic status is associated with higher overall mortality rates. Aim: To assess the effect of socioeconomic inequalities on survival of patients hospitalized with a first myocardial infarction. Material and Methods: Analysis of hospital discharge and mortality databases of the Ministry of Health. Patients aged over 15 years discharged between 2002 and 2011 with a first myocardial infarction (code I-21, ICD-10) were identified. Their survival was verified with the mortality registry. Survival from 0 to 28 and from 29 to 365 days was analyzed. Socioeconomic status was determined using the type of health insurance, stratified as public insurance (low and medium status) and private insurance (high status). Prais-Winsten trend (P-W) and Cox survival analyses were done. Results: We analyzed 59,557 patients (69% males). Sixty three percent were of low socioeconomic status, 19% medium and 18% high. Between 2002 and 2011 the increase in survival was higher among patients of low socioeconomic status, mainly in women (P-W coefficients 0.58:0.31-0.86 in men and 1.12:0.84-1.41 in women for 0-28 days survival and 0.24:0.09-0.39 in men and 0.48:0.37-0.60 in women for 29-365 days survival, respectively). However, age and year of hospitalization adjusted analysis showed a higher mortality risk among patients of low socioeconomic status at 0-28 days (HR 1.67:1.53-1.83 for men and 1.49:1.34-1.66 for women) and at 29-365 days (HR 2.30:1.75-2.71 for men and 1.90:1.56-1.85 for women). Conclusions: Survival after a myocardial infarction improved in the last decade especially in patients of low socioeconomic status. However, subjects of this stratum continue to have a higher mortality.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Classe Social , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Chile/epidemiologia , Taxa de Sobrevida , Estudos Longitudinais , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
Objetivo. Estimar la asociación entre la ingesta de bebidas azucaradas analcohólicas y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) en escolares chilenos. Material y métodos. Se analizaron datos de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos en escolares de entre 6 y 18 años de edad. Se estimó la asociación entre el consumo de bebidas azucaradas y el IMC a través de modelos de regresión lineal multivariada. Resultados. El 92% (IC95%:90-94) consume bebidas azucaradas diariamente, con medianas de ingesta de 424 ml (p25-p75:212-707). En los escolares de 6 a 13 años, cada incremento de una porción diaria de gaseosas y refrescos con azúcar se asocia con 0.13 puntajes z más de IMC (IC95%:0.04-0.2;p=0.01). Conclusiones. El consumo de bebidas azucaradas en escolares chilenos es diario y alcanza medianas de ingesta cercanas a medio litro. Existe asociación entre el consumo de bebidas azucaradas y mayor IMC.
Objective. To estimate the association between the intake of sugar-sweetened non-alcoholic beverages and body mass index (BMI) in Chilean school children. Materials and methods. Food consumption frequency data were analyzed for school children aged 6 to 18. The association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and BMI was estimated by multivariate lineal regression models. Results. Sugar-sweetened beverages are consumed on a daily basis by 92% (95%CI:90-94) of subjects with daily intake medians of 424 mL (p25-p75:212-707). Every extra daily portion of sugar-sweetened beverages consumed by school children aged 6 to 13 is associated with 0.13 BMI z-scores (95%CI:0.04-0.2;p=0.01). Conclusions. School children consume sugar-sweetened beverages daily with intake medians close to 0.5L. There is an association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and higher BMI in Chilean school children.