The Significance of Electroencephalography in the Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in Human / 대한흉부외과학회지

BACKGROUND: Hypothermia protects the brain by suppressing the cerebral metabolism and it is performed well enough before the total circulatory arrest(TCA) in the operation of aortic disease. Generally, TCA has been performed depending on the rectal or nasopharyngeal temperatures; however, there is no definite range of optimal temperature for TCA or an objective indicator determining the temperature for safe TCA. In this study, we tried to determine the optimal range of temperature for safe hypothermic circulatory arrest by using the intraoperative electroencephalogram(EEG), and studied the role of EEG as an indicator of optimal hypothermia. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between March, 1999 and August 31, 2000, 27 patients underwent graft replacement of the part of thoracic aorta using hypothermia and TCA with intraoperative EEG. The rectal and nasopharyngeal temperatures were monitored continuously from the time of anesthetic induction and the EEG was recorded with a ten-channel portable electroencephalography from the time of anesthetic induction to electrocerebral silence(ECS). RESULT: On ECS, the rectal and nasopharyngeal temperatures were not consistent but variable(rectal 11degree C -25degree C, nasopharynx 7.7degree C -23degree C). The correlation between two temperatures was not significant(p=0.171). The cooling time from the start of cardiopulmonary bypass to ECS was also variable(25-127min), but correlated with the body surface area(p=0.027). CONCLUSION: We have found that ECS appeared at various body temperatures, and thus, the use of rectal or nasopharyngeal temperature were not useful in identifying ECS. Conclusively, we can not fully assure cerebral protection during hypothermic circulatory arrest in regards to the body temperatures, and therefore, the intraoperative EEG is one of the necessary methods for determining the range of optimal hypothermia for safe circulatory arrest.

Midterm Results of Modified Central Shunt in Patients of Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular Septal Defect: Two cases report / 대한흉부외과학회지

We operated on two neonates with a technical modification of the standard central shunt. The anatomic diagnosis was pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus. In operation, the aorto - shunt graft anastomosis was created in a side-to-side ashion. During follow-up both pulmonary arteries and main pulmonary artery were well grown. And when the patients were 10 and 18 months of age, Lecompte procedures were Performed. This technique has the advantage of creating a short, straight-lying shunt that is less like to kink.

Transposition of Great Arteries and Ventricular Septal Defect in Jehovah's Witnesses / 대한흉부외과학회지

An infant having parents of Jehovah s Witnesses was 4 months old and 5.6 kg in weight. Echocardiographic diagnosis was complete transposition of great arteries(TGA), ventricular septal defect(VSD), atrial septal defect(ASD), patent ductus arteriosus(PDA), and bilateral superior vena cava(SVC). The preoperative hemoglobin level was 14.9 g/dl. We performed an arterial switch operation(ASO) with VSD closure without transfusion and he was discharged uneventfully 16 days after the operation. At that time the hemoglobin level was 12.8 g/dl. We report that we could successfully correct the complex congenital heart disease without transfusion by the combined use of erythropoietin and aprotinin, intraoperative meti-culous hemostasis, and postbypass ultrafiltration.

Modified Norwood Procedure without Circulatory Arrest and Myocardial Ischemia: Report of 2 cases / 대한흉부외과학회지

The effects of deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest during aortic arch reconstruction are associated with potential neurologic and myocardial injury. We describe a surgical technique that two patients underwent a modified Norwood procedure without circulatory arrest and myocardial ischemia. One was 13-day-old female patient, weighing 3.1kg, having a variant of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and another was 38-day-old male patient, weighing 3.4 kg, diagnosed Taussig-Bing anomaly with severe aortic arch hypoplasia, coarctation of the aorta, and subaortic stenosis. The arterial cannula was inserted in innominate artery directly. During Norwood reconstruction, regional high-flow perfusion into the inominate artery and coronary perfusion were maintained and there were no neurologic, cardiac, and renal complications in two patients. This technique may help protect the brain and myocardium from ischemic injury in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome or other arch anomalies including coarctation or interruption.