Analysis of WCID-cIEF Spectrogram of Recombinant Interleukin-15 Fusion Protein / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the glycosylated chains of recombinant interleukin-15 fusion protein using capillary isoelectric focusing-whole column imaging detection (WCID-cIEF) spectrograms. METHODS: Using established corresponding mathematical models and the least square method, the WCID-cIEF spectrograms of whole protein, de-salicylic-acid protein and de-N-glycosylation-chain protein were analyzed. Among the mathematical models, the interval-1-peak model was selected. And according to the model, the relationship between isoform peak-areas and isoelectric points was listed. RESULTS: The rationality of the interval-1-peak model was confirmed and a series of basic data was obtained according to the model as follows:the apparent m value of the protein was 25.53 reference(R), the apparent n value of the protein was 28.83R, the apparent m value of sialic acid was 0.86 (0.855) R, the apparent n value was 0.12 (0.119) R, the apparent n value of N-acetylglucosamine (undifferentiated from N-acetylgalactosamine) was 0.06(0.061) R, and the apparent m value of formed carboxyl after N-chain removal was 0.19 (0.186) R. Some information of protein sugar composition was also obtained: the sialylation degree was about 1.83 mol•mol-1, the percentage of prototype protein was about 8.3%, the percentage of single N-glycosated modification protein was about 19.8%, the percentage of double N-glycosated modification protein was about 28.4%, the percentage of triple N-glycosated modification protein was about 23.7%, and the percentage of O-glycosated modification (with sialic acid) protein was about 19.8%. The main sugar types should be G0 (F), G1 (F), G2 (F), G1A1 (F), and G2A1 (F). CONCLUSION: The structure of sugar chain is complex, but it also has some repeatability and regularity. We hope that through this study, the glycoprotein sugar chain can be quickly outlined, the understanding of glycoprotein and the study of protein interaction can be improved.

Professional Reasoning of Occupational Therapy in China 1986-2006: A Documentary Analysis (Ⅰ) / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To understand the development of professional reasoning of occupational therapy (OT) in China from 1986 to 2006. Methods:A search of all OT papers published from 1986 to 2006 in the Chinese Academic Journals database yielded 1,308 papers. Among them, 52 papers were selected for further analysis of professional reasoning. Each was reviewed by three researchers. Thematic analysis was conducted using an interpretive approach. Results:Two themes were identified: ongoing changes and sustaining contexts. Theme one consisted of three changes: from OT being an approach used by various healthcare providers to becoming a separate profession; from simple and superficial (e.g., upper limb exercise) to in-depth and complex professional reasoning (e.g., occupation-based models); and from relying on overseas experience to building on local practice experience. Theme two covered three sustaining practice contexts: insufficient supply of qualified OT, misconceptions of the roles and functions of OT and scope confined to hospital-based rehabilitation for people with physical disability. Conclusion:This paper reported the historical development of professional reasoning in China from 1986 to 2006. Professional issues in early days have continued to influence current practice. We need to work together to sustain the spirit of OT and improve OT professional reasoning in China.

Mild hypothermia with subarachnoid transplantation of neural stem cells to repair spinal cord injury in rats / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that mild hypothermia therapy can regulate the apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of mild hypothermia therapy combined with subarachnoid NSCs transplantation on functional recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. METHODS: The 20 of 110 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly selected as sham group, and the remaining 90 rats were used to make spinal cord injury models using modified Allen's method. After modeling, 80 successful models were randomized into SCI, mild hypothermia, NSCs, and combined groups (n=20 per group). Rats in the mild hypothermia group were placed onto an ice blanket at a temperature of (34.0±0.5) ℃ for 3 days. Rats in the NSCs group were raised at 37 ℃ and implanted with 1×104/L NSCs suspension (1 mL, once a day, for continuous 3 days) into the subarachnoid space at 6 hours after modeling. Rats in the combined group were given the combined treatment of mild hypothermia and NSCs transplantation. Motor functional assessment for the bilateral rat lower limbs was performed based on Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scoring and inclined plate test at 1, 3 days and 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after modeling. At 4 weeks after modeling, pathological detection by hematoxylin-eosin staining was done; RT-PCR was used to detect expression of Caspase-3, BCL-2 and Syn around the injured region; and electrophysiological recovery of the nerves was assessed based on somatosensory and motor evoked potentials. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Lower limb motor function of the rats was improved after NSCs transplantation, mild hypothermia therapy or their combined use, especially in the combined group. (2) At 4 weeks after modeling, there was significant reduced Caspase-3 and significantly increased Bcl-2 and Syn in the combined group compared with the SCI group (both P < 0.05). (3) At 4 weeks after modeling, cystic cavities in the spinal cord formed in the SCI group, became smaller in the NSCs and mild hypothermia groups, and almost disappeared in the combined group. (4) At 4 weeks after modeling, the latency of somatosensory and motor evoked potentials was shortest in the combined group, followed by the NSCs and mild hypothermia groups, and longest in the SCI group. A significant difference was found among groups (P < 0.05). The amplitudes of somatosensory and motor evoked potentials were ranked as follows: combined group > NSCs group and mild hypothermia group > SCI group, and there was also a significant difference among groups (P < 0.05). In summary, the combined use of mild hypothermia and NSCs transplantation via the subarachnoid space can promote synaptic regeneration,reduce Caspase-3 mRNA expression, increase Bcl-2 and Syn mRNA expression, and improve motor and electrophysiological functions of the lower limbs in rats.

Study on the Role of Dendritic Cells in Immune Regulation in Blistering Moxibustion / 上海针灸杂志

As a classical external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, blistering moxibustion has significant curative effect on asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and other immune disorders, which suggests that it has certain immunoregulation effect. When stimulated, skin immune system evokes innate immune or acquired immune systems, including dendritic cells (DC), a type of crucial cell related to acquired immunity. From the classification and function of DC, especially the differentiation, migration and maturation of DC in local skin after blistering moxibustion. This article was to discuss the possible ways of immunoregulation of DC in local skin after blistering moxibustion, so as to provide reference for the study on immunoregulatory mechanism of blistering moxibustion.

Problems and strategies in the research of patient-derived gastric cancer xenograft models / 中国实验动物学报

In this paper, we summarize the major problems existing in establishing gastric cancer patient-derived xenograft ( PDX) models and its solutions, and introduce its advantages on screening targeted drugs. As many previous re?search emphasized on individual characteristics too much, we argue that we should pay more attention to the generality of what we are studying in order to analyze the genotype of PDX models before taking a targeted therapy.

Response of human triple-negative breast cancer to paclitaxel after vascu-lar normalization in nude mice / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To explore whether there is synergistic effect of recombinant human endostatin ( rh-Endo ) and paclitaxel (Pac) in the time window of vascular normalization and the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in early assessment of chemotherapy by observing the response of human triple -negative breast cancer ( TNBC) to Pac after vascular normalization in nude mice .METHODS:The human TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells were planted in the subcutaneous region of right lower abdomen of BALB/c-nu female nude mice .These nude mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=7).rh-Endo was given for 17 consecutive days in rh-Endo group and rh-Endo+Pac group.Pac was given on the 6th and 12th days in Pac group and rh-Endo+Pac group.The dosage of both drugs was 10 mg· kg-1· d-1(ip).On the day before the treatment and the 5th, 11th and 17th days after treatment, all the transplanted tumors were examined by MRI . All the mice were killed by cervical dislocation and their transplanted tumors were taken down for examinations after the last MRI on the 17th day.The changes of pathology, immunohistochemisty, microvessel density (MVD) and Ki67 expression were measured.RESULTS:On the 17th day, the volume of transplanted tumor in rh-Endo+Pac group was smaller than that in model group and rh-Endo group ( P<0.05 ) , and no difference between rh-Endo+Pac group and Pac group was found.On the 17th day, the tumor inhibitory rates in rh-Endo group, Pac group and rh-Endo+Pac group were 14.61%, 39.08%and 54.79%, respectively.The slow diffusion coefficient in Pac group was increased compared with model group , while it was decreased compared with rh-Endo+Pac group (P<0.05).No distant metastatic lesion in the tumor-bearing mice was observed .The necrotic rates in rh-Endo+Pac group and Pac group were higher than those in model group and rh-Endo group.The MVD in model group was higher than that in the other 3 groups.The MVD in rh-Endo+Pac group was decreased compared with Pac group and rh-Endo group .The Ki67 level in rh-Endo+Pac group was decreased compared with rh-Endo group , and no difference between rh-Endo+Pac group and Pac group was detected .CONCLUSION:In the time window of vascular normalization , the combination of Pac and rh-Endo has a significant antitumor effect on TNBC , but this study did not observe a significant synergistic effect of the 2 drugs.The change of slow diffusion coefficient can predict the therapeutic effect in advance .

Response of human triple-negative breast cancer to paclitaxel after vascu-lar normalization in nude mice / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To explore whether there is synergistic effect of recombinant human endostatin ( rh-Endo ) and paclitaxel (Pac) in the time window of vascular normalization and the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in early assessment of chemotherapy by observing the response of human triple -negative breast cancer ( TNBC) to Pac after vascular normalization in nude mice .METHODS:The human TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells were planted in the subcutaneous region of right lower abdomen of BALB/c-nu female nude mice .These nude mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=7).rh-Endo was given for 17 consecutive days in rh-Endo group and rh-Endo+Pac group.Pac was given on the 6th and 12th days in Pac group and rh-Endo+Pac group.The dosage of both drugs was 10 mg· kg-1· d-1(ip).On the day before the treatment and the 5th, 11th and 17th days after treatment, all the transplanted tumors were examined by MRI . All the mice were killed by cervical dislocation and their transplanted tumors were taken down for examinations after the last MRI on the 17th day.The changes of pathology, immunohistochemisty, microvessel density (MVD) and Ki67 expression were measured.RESULTS:On the 17th day, the volume of transplanted tumor in rh-Endo+Pac group was smaller than that in model group and rh-Endo group ( P<0.05 ) , and no difference between rh-Endo+Pac group and Pac group was found.On the 17th day, the tumor inhibitory rates in rh-Endo group, Pac group and rh-Endo+Pac group were 14.61%, 39.08%and 54.79%, respectively.The slow diffusion coefficient in Pac group was increased compared with model group , while it was decreased compared with rh-Endo+Pac group (P<0.05).No distant metastatic lesion in the tumor-bearing mice was observed .The necrotic rates in rh-Endo+Pac group and Pac group were higher than those in model group and rh-Endo group.The MVD in model group was higher than that in the other 3 groups.The MVD in rh-Endo+Pac group was decreased compared with Pac group and rh-Endo group .The Ki67 level in rh-Endo+Pac group was decreased compared with rh-Endo group , and no difference between rh-Endo+Pac group and Pac group was detected .CONCLUSION:In the time window of vascular normalization , the combination of Pac and rh-Endo has a significant antitumor effect on TNBC , but this study did not observe a significant synergistic effect of the 2 drugs.The change of slow diffusion coefficient can predict the therapeutic effect in advance .

Establishment and application of toxicity testing alternative system for chemicals(new drugs) / 中国比较医学杂志

There are some shortcomings of animal experiments applied in chemical toxicity testing, such as long period, large cost, species differences and dose differences, which limit the use of animal experiments' results in predicting human toxicity.Accordingly, we established a toxicity testing alternative screening system in line with the toxicity endpoints which required in chemical safety evaluation and risk assessment (genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, acute toxicity and general toxicity) based on 3R principles (replacement, reduction, refinement) for animal experiments.This system covers most of the endpoints of toxicity assessment, and molecular biology technology was also applied to integrate the toxicity test, as well as some operation was optimized in order to shorten the experimental period, reduce experimental costs, improve animal welfare.Furthermore, the results from the screening system have higher clinical relevance because it is based on the toxicity mechanisms.

Comparison of several common methods for measuring the biological activity of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To compare several common staining and detection methods using NFS-60 cells for biological activity test of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF). METHODS: The biological activity of rhG-CSF was detected using some common methods, named NFS-60 cells/MTT staining, NFS-60 cells/MTS staining, NFS-60 cells/CCK-8 staining, and NFS-60 cells/fluorescence staining. The biological activity was detected using the NFS-60 cells/MTT method using dual wavelength (570 nm detection, 630 nm reference) and single wavelength (570nm detection and 630nm detection). The biological activity was detected using NFS-60 cells/MTS dynamic detection method and NFS-60 cell/CCK-8 dynamic method. Then, the results were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: The different methods were not significantly different (P>0.05); the difference between the dual wavelength detection and single wavelength detection of NFS-60 cells/MTT was not significant (P>0.05). The results from NFS-60 cells/MTS dynamic detection method, NFS-60 cells/CCK-8 dynamic method and NFS-60 cells/MTT method had not significant difference (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The biological activity determination results of the tested methods using NFS-60 cells are consistent. This study provides basis for utilization of results from different laboratories using different methods, support for expansion of the biological activity detection method of rhG-CSF in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and reference for expansion of the biological activity detection method of other cytokines.

Stent effects on hemodynamics of cerebral aneurysm by non-uniform lattice Boltzmann method / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effects of triangle stents with different rotation angles on hemodynamics of cerebral aneurysms. Methods A non-uniform lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was adopted to make local refinement on grids near the stent, and a scheme for the curved boundary conditions was used to numerically simulate the stented cerebral aneurysms. The stream plots of flows in the aneurysms, the velocity profiles at the aneurysm orifice and the velocity reduction were obtained and analyzed to evaluate the effects of stents with different rotation angles on treating cerebral aneurysms. Results With respect to velocity reduction, the best treatment effect was achieved in the triangle stent with rotation angle of 180°, while the triangle stent without any rotation caused the smallest velocity reduction. In addition，the dynamic differences were not obvious in triangle stents with different rotation angles at small porosities. Conclusions The non-uniform LBM combined with curved boundary conditions can be used to study hemodynamic characteristics of the cerebral aneurysm accurately, which provides reference for the design of such stent and also offers some guidance for intervention therapy in clinic.

Anatomical discussion of paresthesia mechanisms after axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer / 重庆医学

Objective To provide anatomical basis for preventing paresthesia that appear in the lateral thoracic wall ,the arm‐pit and the inside of the upper arm during axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer .Methods The intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) and its contiguous relationship were observed ,besides the origin ,ramus and branch were measured and recorded by anato‐mizing 30 adult embalmed cadavers (60 sides) .Results Three intercostals nerve (50 sides) and the ICBN (29 sides) were the mainly nerves in lateral thoracic wall ,the medical brachial cutaneous nerve(MBCN) was not observed .Three intercostals nerve , ICBN(42 sides)and MBCN(44 sides) were found in armpit ,but mainly was intercostobrachial nerve (42 sides) .ICBN and the MB‐CN equally distributed in the dorsal and medical of the upper arm ,but the three intercostals nerve was not observed .81 .7% (49 sides) of intercostal nerve and all of the brachial plexus presenced filament .They existenced blood vessel accompanied when the ICBN pierced the chest wall (63 .3% ,38 sides) .Conclusion Identify and intactly preserve the ICBN and relevant nerves and their filament during axillary lymph node dissection of the breast cancer may benefit to prevent paresthesia .

Outcome comparison of lisfranc injuries treated through dorsal plate fixation versus screw fixation

O objetivo deste estudo prospectivo foi testar se o tratamentode lesões de Lisfranc com redução aberta e fixação da placadorsal teria os mesmos resultados funcionais, ou melhores, do quetratamento padrão com fixação com parafuso transarticular. Métodos:Sessenta pacientes com lesão articular de Lisfranc foram tratadospor redução aberta e fixação da placa dorsal ou pelo método padrãopor fixação de parafusos. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por,em média, 31 meses. A avaliação foi realizada com base na queixaprincipal dos pacientes, exame clínico, radiografia, e escala AOFAS.Resultados: Trinta e dois pacientes foram tratados com redução abertae fixação da placa dorsal, e vinte e oito pacientes foram tratadoscom redução aberta e fixação com parafuso. Depois de dois anos deacompanhamento, a média do escore AOFAS foi de 83,1 pontos nogrupo de fixação da placa dorsal e 78,5 pontos no grupo de fixaçãocom parafusos (p <0,01). Do grupo de fixação com placa dorsal, aanálise radiográfica revelou redução anatômica em vinte e nove pacientes(90,6%, 29/32) e redução não anatômica em três pacientes.Do grupo de fixação com parafuso, a análise radiográfica revelou reduçãoanatômica em vinte e três pacientes e redução não anatômicaem cinco pacientes (82,1%, 23/28). Conclusões: A redução abertae fixação com placa dorsal para lesão de Lisfranc deslocada têmmelhor resultado a curto e médio prazo e uma taxa de reoperaçãoinferior do que a técnica padrão de redução aberta e fixação interna(RAFI) com parafuso. Em nossa experiência, recomendamos o usode placa dorsal em RAFI nas lesões de Lisfranc deslocadas. Nívelde Evidência II, Estudo Prospectivo Comparativo...

The objective of this prospective study was to testwhether the treatment of Lisfranc injuries with open reductionand dorsal plate fixation would have the same or better functionaloutcomes as treatment with standard trans-articular screwfixation. Methods: Sixty patients with primarily isolated Lisfrancjoint injury were treated by open reduction and dorsal platefixation or standard screw fixation. The patients were followedon average for 31 months. Evaluation was performed with patients’chief complaint, clinical examination, radiography, andAOFAS Midfoot Scale. Results: Thirty two patients were treatedwith open reduction and dorsal plate fixation, and twenty eightpatients were treated with open reduction and screw fixation.After two years follow-up, the mean AOFAS Midfoot score was83.1 points in the dorsal plate fixation group and 78.5 points inthe screw fixation group (p<0.01). Of the dorsal plate fixationgroup, radiographic analysis revealed anatomic reduction intwenty-nine patients (90.6%, 29/32) and nonanatomic reductionin three patients. Of the screw fixation group, radiographicanalysis revealed anatomic reduction in twenty-three patientsand nonanatomic reduction in five patients (82.1%, 23/28).Conclusions: Open reduction and dorsal plate fixation for adislocated Lisfranc injury do have better short and median termoutcome and a lower reoperation rate than standard screw ORIF.In our experience, we recommend using dorsal plate in ORIF ondislocated Lisfranc injuries. Level of Evidence II, ProspectiveComparative Study...

Epidemiology and clinicopathological characteristics analysis of 279 neuroendocrine neoplasms cases in Dalian / 中国癌症杂志

Background and purpose:Neuroendocrine neoplasm is one kind of infrequent neoplasms from neuroendocrine cell and peptidergic neurons. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and clinicopathological characteristics of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) in Dalian. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all neuroendocrine neoplasms patients in First Afifliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from 2000 to 2013. The epidemiology characteristics, pathogenic sites and pathological types were reviewed, and the differences between gender and age were also analyzed. The statistics analysis such as independent-samples t test and one-way ANOVA and chi-square test were performed. Results:There were 279 NEN cases, including 166 male and 113 female patients (male:female=1.14:1), detection rate was 0.258%. The mean age of all cases was 59.4±17.1 (20-83), for male 58.9±19.4 (20-81) and female 61.7±15.0 (29-83). There was no statistical signiifcance of detection rate and mean age between male and female patients. Digestive system was the most common occurred site of NEN (71.68%), then was the respiratory system (20.79%). There was no statistical significance of pathogenic sites between male and female.In all case, 132 with neuroendocrine tumor (47.31%), 140 with neuroendocrine cancer (50.18%), 7 with mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (2.51%). There was no statistical signiifcance of pathological types between male and female (P>0.05).Conclusion:Recently, the detection rate of neuroendocrine neoplasms was raised in Dalian, but there was no signiifcance differences in detection rate,pathogenic sites and pathological types between male and female.

The effect of cold-light-activated bleaching treatment on enamel surfaces in vitro / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

This in vitro study aims to evaluate the crystal and surface microstructure of dental enamel after cold-light bleaching treatment. Twelve sound human premolars were cross-split into four specimens, namely, mesio-buccal (Group LP), disto-buccal (Group P), mesio-lingual (Group NP) and disto-lingual (Group L) specimens. These four groups were treated using the standard cold-light bleaching procedure, a bleaching agent, a peroxide-free bleaching agent and cold-light, respectively. Before and after treatment, all specimens were analyzed by high-resolution, micro-area X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Using a spectrometer, tooth color of all specimens was measured before and after treatment. The phase of the enamel crystals was identified as hydroxyapatite and carbonated hydroxyapatite. After treatment, specimens in Groups LP and P showed significantly weaker X-ray diffraction peaks, significant reduction in crystal size and crystallinity, significant increase in L* but decrease in a* and b*, and obvious alterations in the surface morphology. However, specimens in Groups NP and L did not show any significant changes. The cold-light bleaching treatment leads to demineralization in the enamel surface. The acidic peroxide-containing bleaching agent was the major cause of demineralization, whereas cold-light did not exhibit significant increase or decrease effect on this demineralization.

Imaging diagnosis of synovial tuberculosis of sheath of wrist / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the imaging features of synovial tuberculosis of sheath of wrist.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three patients of synovial tuberculosis of sheath of wrist underwent surgical operation from Oct. 2002 to Oct. 2009 included 2 males and 1 female, the age of 48, 67, 76 years respectivly. X-rays of 3 patients, CTs of 2 patients and MRI of 1 patient were retrospectively analyzed and the relevant literature were reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 3 cases with the soft tissue mass in the palm side of wrist, the section was unclear. There were no osteoporosis and no changes of bone destruction. There was 1 case with the punctate calcification in the soft tissue. MRI showed the embedded cystic mass of flexor tendon and "8" shape in carpal tunnel pressure, and showed abnormal signal (T1 low-signal, T2 slightly higher signal), a small part of the internal point showed high signal. CT showed the synovial membrane were obvious thickening and enhanced, corpus liberum in tendon sheath were no obvious strengthening.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Synovial tuberculosis of sheath of wrist has certain characteristics on radiographic image. The MRI has more clinical value than X-ray and CT.</p>

Effect of cold-light bleaching technique on human permanent teeth enamel surface / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of the cold-light bleaching technique on crystals and microstructure of the dental enamel.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were treated by a standard cold-light bleaching procedure. After the treatment, all samples were detected by high resolution micro-area X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope and scanning electron microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the permanent teeth were treated with cold-light bleaching technique, the enamels' crystal dimension, crystallinity decreased and irregular surfaces and shallow disk pits appeared.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The cold-light bleaching technique could lead to the changes of crystals and microstructure in the surface layer of dental enamel.</p>

Structure verification of a recombinant chimeric anti-CD20 IgG1 monoclonal antibody / 药学学报

Structure of a recombinant chimeric anti-CD20 IgG1 monoclonal antibody was verified by the application of high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS)and N-terminal sequencer. Molecular masses, N-terminal sequences and peptide maps of the antibody treated with different reagents and enzymes were measured. Results indicate that the amino acid sequences of light and heavy chains and 10 disulfide bonds were consistent with theoretical structure. By comparison of molecular masses and peptide maps for the fully glycosylated and deglycosylated samples, the N-linked glycosylation site was identified. The method is simple, rapid, precise, and could be referred to the quality control and structure determination of other IgG1 products.

Advance in the anti-tumor mechanism of triptolide / 中国中药杂志

Triptolide, an epoxidated diterpene lactone compound separated from a traditional Chinese medicine, Tripterygium wilfordiiHook. f (TWHF), is responsible for the anti-tumor activity of TWHF with broad spectrum and high performance. The antitumor mechanism of triptolide locates in many fields, such as inducing apoptosis of tumor cell, interfering in the cell cycle, and suppressing angiogeneis. The advance in the anti-tumor mechanism of triptolide is described in the following review.

A multilevel cross-sectional study of mental disorder in community settings in Zhejiang Province / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence of mental disorder through the 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) survey and its related factors in community settings in Zhejiang Province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A muti-level model was analyzed using data of 14,632 respondents nested in counties (cities), townships (urban districts), villages (urban neighborhoods) from the epidemiological survey of mental illnesses above 15 years old.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean score measured by GHQ-12 was (1.54 +/- 2.15), which was lower than that of samples from four cities of Guangzhou, Chongqing, Taiyuan and Hangzhou (U = 11.08, P < 0.01). The mental disorder clustered within county (city) level, which represented 4.3% (chi(2) = 3.94, P < 0.05) of the total variance including four levels. After controlling for the county level, the mental disorder was associated with age, marital status, residency patterns, education, occupation and household incoming. In particular, it was reported that higher household incoming was significantly associated with better mental disorder among population in community settings.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence of mental disorder clustered at the county (city) level is relatively lower with vulnerable groups including divorced, widowed, unemployed, retired, lower-income ones in community settings in Zhejiang Province.</p>

The effects of safflower injection on lipid peroxidation level and expression of heme oxygenase-1 of the rat liver with hypoxia and hypercapnia / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the changes of lipid peroxidation level and expression of heme oxygenase-1 of the rat liver with chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia, and the effects of Safflower injection (a compond of Chinese Traditional medicine).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty male SD rats weighing 180 approximately 220 g were divided into three groups (n=10): control group (N group), chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia for four weeks group(F group), and Safflower injection group (H group). SOD and MDA in liver tissue were measured by spectrophotometric method. And methods Immunohistochemical assay was used to detect the distribution of HO-1 protein. Pathological changes in liver tissues were observed in HE staining section. The mRNA expressions of HO-1 in liver were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The activity of SOD of the liver in F group were significantly lower than those in N group, and the content of MDA were significantly higher. The activity of SOD of the liver in H group were significantly higher than those in F group, and the content of MDA were significantly lower. In F group there were multiple dispersed immunoreactivity cells in liver. And compared to those in F group, the immunoreactivity cells were significantly decreased in H group. HE staining revealed that there were many hepatocytes with obvious adipose degeneration. Hepatic pathological damage in H group was slighter than that in F group. The expression of HO-1 mRNA of the liver in F group were significantly higher than those in N group (P < 0.01), and those in H group were significantly lower than those in F group (P < 0.01) .</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia increases the level of oxidative stress. Safflower injection have a protective effect, maybe because of the accommodation of the expression of HO-1 of the liver and the elimination of free radicals.</p>