General Formulas for Calculating Commonly Used Kinship Index / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To derive general formulas for calculating commonly used kinship index (KI).@*METHODS@#By introducing the Kronecker symbol, the formulas used to calculate the same KI under different genotype combinations were summarized into a unified expression.@*RESULTS@#The general formulas were successfully derived for KI in various case situations, including the paternity index, full sibling index, half sibling index, avuncular index, grandpaternity index, first-cousin index, and second-cousin index between two individuals without or with the mother being involved; grandpaternity index between grandparents and a grandchild without or with the mother being involved; half sibling index between two children with two mothers being involved; full sibling index among three children; and half sibling index among three children with no, one, or two mothers being involved.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The general formulas given in this study simplify the calculation of KIs and facilitate fast and accurate calculation through programming.

Analysis of blood component transfusion and some adverse reactions in myelodysplastic syndroms patients / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the blood transfusion and adverse reactions in myelodysplastic syndroms (MDS) patients, so as to improve transfusion management in MDS patients. 【Methods】 The diagnosis and treatment information of MDS patients with blood transfusion in our hospital from January 2003 to December 2022 were collected, and the component transfusion and adverse reactions were investigated. 【Results】 The average infusion volume of red blood cells(RBCs) and platelets were respectively (27.46±43.11 ) and (16.41±24.81 ) in 799 MDS patients, which had no correlation with gender and blood type. The incidence of adverse reactions was 18.27% (146/799), with the most common adverse reactions as delayed serologic transfusion reaction (DSTR) (9.01%, 72/799), followed by non hemolytic fever reaction (4.76%, 38/799) and allergic reaction (4.38%, 35/799). Compared with all patients with transfusion, DSTR was more common in females (P<0.05), with elder age and had more RBCs consumption (all P<0.01). 86.11%(62/72) were Rh system, and 40.28% (29/72) had 2 or more antibodies. The occurrence time of DSTR in some patients was not related to the volume of RBCs trans infusion. 【Conclusion】 MDS patients, with more average transfusion volume and higher incidence of adverse reactions especially DSTR, were recommended a strictly limited transfusion schedule and Rh phenotype matching RBC products. The investigation of immune status of MDS patients at different periods is helpful to provide new aspects and therapeutic measures for the pathogenesis of DSTR, and the antibody screening time may adjusted appropriately.

Study on long-acting analgesic lappaconitine hydrobromide lyotropic liquid crystal injection / 药学学报

Long-acting analgesia is a common clinical treatment method after surgery. The slow-release injection with long-acting analgesia has the advantages of less medication frequency and stable effect. In this study, the analgesic drug lappaconitine hydrobromide lyotropic liquid crystal injection was prepared, and its sustained release mechanism, drug release and pharmacodynamic characteristics were evaluated. The results of polarizing microscope and freeze-transmission electron microscope showed that the lyotropic liquid crystal injection of the liquid crystal precursor preparation of lappaconitine hydrobromide could be obtained by the combination of glycerol monooleate (GMO) and soybean lecithin (SPC) in different proportions. The results of dissolution study in vitro showed that the drug release rate of different forms of liquid crystal preparations was layered liquid crystal > cubic liquid crystal > hexagonal liquid crystal. The mathematical model fitting results of the release data showed that the external release of layered liquid crystal, cubic liquid crystal and hexagonal liquid crystal conforms to the Ritger-Peppas model, and the release mechanism was Fick diffusion. The results of pharmacodynamics study in vivo showed that the analgesic effect of lappaconitine hydrobromide lyotropic liquid crystal injection lasted for 3 days, and there was no abnormality in the incision and local tissue, showing good safety and tolerance. The study on drug release and elimination process of the in vivo gel repository showed that lappaconitine hydrobromide could be completely released from the lyotropic liquid crystal 3 days after administration, and the sustained-release materials could be gradually eliminated locally. All animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 2021-08-GY-61) and the experiments were conducted in accordance with the relevant guiding principles and regulations. The lyotropic liquid crystal injection of lappaconitine hydrobromide prepared in this study presented a solution state at room temperature, and underwent phase transition in contact with the body fluid at the administration site, formed a drug depot and exerted a slow drug release effect. This preparation can reduce systemic toxicity, prolong the duration of analgesia, reduce the number of administrations, improve the compliance of postoperative patients, and provide a reference for the design of long-term sustained release analgesic preparations.

Determination of plasma protein binding rate of Shuganning Injection using equilibrium dialysis and UPLC-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) compound preparations have complex compositions. As a widely used TCM injection, Shuganning Injection, its in vivo processes are not yet fully understood. Determining the plasma protein binding rate is of great significance for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies. In this experiment, the equilibrium dialysis method combined with UPLC-MS/MS technology was used to determine the plasma protein binding rates of 10 components, including p-hydroxyacetophenone, caffeic acid, baicalein, oroxylin A, geniposide, baicalin, cynaroside, oroxylin A-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, scutellarin, and hyperoside, in Shuganning Injection in rat and human plasma to provide a theoretical basis for further elucidating the in vivo processes of Shuganning Injection and guiding clinical medication. The results showed that, except for baicalein and geniposide, the plasma protein binding rates of the other eight components were higher in human plasma than in rat plasma, and there were interspecies differences. In human plasma, except for geniposide, caffeic acid, and baicalin, the plasma protein binding rates of the remaining seven components were above 80%, with baicalein and oroxylin A exceeding 90%. All components exhibit a high level of binding to plasma proteins, with the exception of geniposide.

Predictive value of impedance of leadless pacemaker during implantation on trend changes of pacing threshold / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To explore the predictive value of the impedance measured during leadless pacemaker Micra implantation on the trend of changes of pacing threshold post implantation. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Patients who received implantation of leadless pacemaker Micra at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from December 2019 to August 2020 were enrolled. The clinical data and the intraoperative electrical parameters during leadless pacemaker implantation were collected. The impedance and pacing threshold data were analyzed at three time points: immediate release, 5-10 min after release, and after traction test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to analyze the value of the impedance at immediate release on predicting the trend of changes of pacing threshold post implantation. Results: A total of 21 patients (mean age: (72.2±12.5) years, 12 males) were included. The impedance of 21 patients was (798.1±35.3) Ω immediately after implantation, (800.9±35.6) Ω after 5-10 minutes of release, and (883.6±31.7) Ω after traction test. Impedance was similar between the three time points (P>0.05). The threshold was (0.97±0.11) V/0.24 ms immediately after implantation, (0.95±0.12) V/0.24 ms at 5-10 min after the release, and (0.59±0.06) V/0.24 ms after the traction test. The threshold was significantly lower after the traction test than that immediately after release (P=0.003) and than that at 5-10 minutes after release (P=0.008), suggesting a decreased tendency of the threshold over time. According to the analysis of the ROC curve, the immediate impedance after the release ≥680 Ω could predict the ideal pacing threshold after the traction test (AUC=0.989, 95%CI 0.702-0.964, P<0.001), the prediction sensitivity was 87%, and the specificity was 100%. The pacing threshold would be not ideal with the immediate impedance ≤ 520 Ω (95%CI 0.893-1.000, P<0.001), the sensitivity was 100%, and the specificity was 80%. Conclusions: The impedance immediately after the release has predictive value for the changing trend of threshold post leadless pacemaker Micra implantation. Impedance ≥680 Ω immediately after release is often related with ideal pacing threshold after the traction test. In contrast, the impedance ≤ 520 Ω pacing is often related with unsatisfactory threshold after the traction test, therefore, it is recommended to find a new pacing site to achieve the impedance ≥680 Ω immediately after release during leadless pacemaker Micra implantation.

Influencing factors of iron metabolism assessment in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome: A retrospective study / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To analyze the influencing factors of iron metabolism assessment in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Methods: MRI and/or DECT were used to detect liver and cardiac iron content in 181 patients with MDS, among whom, 41 received regular iron chelation therapy during two examinations. The adjusted ferritin (ASF) , erythropoietin (EPO) , cardiac function, liver transaminase, hepatitis antibody, and peripheral blood T cell polarization were detected and the results of myelofibrosis, splenomegaly, and cyclosporine were collected and comparative analyzed in patients. Results: We observed a positive correlation between liver iron concentration and ASF both in the MRI group and DECT groups (r=0.512 and 0.606, respectively, P<0.001) , only a weak correlation between the heart iron concentration and ASF in the MRI group (r=0.303, P<0.001) , and no significant correlation between cardiac iron concentration and ASF in the DECT group (r=0.231, P=0.053) . Moreover, transfusion dependence in liver and cardiac [MRI group was significantly associated with the concentration of iron in: LIC: (28.370±10.706) mg/g vs (7.593±3.508) mg/g, t=24.30, P<0.001; MIC: 1.81 vs 0.95, z=2.625, P<0.05; DECT group: liver VIC: (4.269±1.258) g/L vs (1.078±0.383) g/L, t=23.14, P<0.001: cardiac VIC: 1.69 vs 0.68, z=3.142, P<0.05]. The concentration of EPO in the severe iron overload group was significantly higher than that in the mild to moderate iron overload group and normal group (P<0.001) . Compared to the low-risk MDS group, the liver iron concentration in patients with MDS with cyclic sideroblasts (MDS-RS) was significantly elevated [DECT group: 3.80 (1.97, 5.51) g/L vs 1.66 (0.67, 2.94) g/L, P=0.004; MRI group: 13.7 (8.1,29.1) mg/g vs 11.6 (7.1,21.1) mg/g, P=0.032]. Factors including age, bone marrow fibrosis, splenomegaly, T cell polarization, use of cyclosporine A, liver aminotransferase, and hepatitis antibody positive had no obvious effect on iron metabolism. Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between liver iron concentration and ASF in patients with MDS, whereas there was no significant correlation between cardiac iron concentration and ASF. Iron metabolism was affected by transfusion dependence, EPO concentration, and RS.

Research and application of nanometer black phosphorus in phototherapy and drug carrier / 药学学报

The emerging nano-black phosphorus materials have created a new platform for biomedical research. Nano-black phosphorus has the following advantages: black phosphorus can produce singlet oxygen under near-infrared light irradiation, so it can be used as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy;black phosphorus has extensive light absorption in the long wavelength region, and this near-infrared photothermal property can be used in photothermal therapy. The high specific surface area and unique fold structure of the black phosphorus nanosheet make it have very high drug loading.This paper mainly reviews the applications of black phosphorus in biological imaging, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and as a drug carrier in recent years. Based on the photoelectric properties of black phosphorus nanomaterials combined with intelligent drug delivery platform, the synergistic effects of light/heat/chemistry, light/chemistry/gene, and light/chemistry/immunity can be produced, which has a broad application prospect.

Impact of complicated myocardial injury on the clinical outcome of severe or critically ill COVID-19 patients / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of the severe or critically ill patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), and evaluate the impact of complicated myocardial injury on the prognosis of these patients. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 54 patients who admitted to Tongji hospital from February 3, 2020 to February 24, 2020 and met the criteria of severe or critical conditions of COVID-19. The clinical characteristics and hospital mortality rate were analyzed and compared between the patients with or without myocardial injury, which was defined with 3 times higher serum cardiac troponin value. Results: The age of the 54 patients was 68.0(59.8, 74.3) years. Among all the patients, 24 (44.4%) patients were complicated with hypertension, 13 (24.1%) with diabetes, 8 (14.8%) with coronary heart disease, and 3 (5.6%) with previous cerebral infarction. During hospitalization, 24 (44.4%) of the patients were complicated with myocardial injury and 26 (48.1%) patients died in hospital. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients with myocardial injury than in patients without myocardial injury (14 (60.9%) vs. 8 (25.8%), P=0.013). Moreover, the levels of C-reactive protein (153.6 (80.3, 240.7) ng/L vs. 49.8 (15.9, 101.9) ng/L) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (852.0 (400.0, 2 315.3) ng/L vs. 197.0 (115.3, 631.0) ng/L) were significantly higher than patients without myocardial injury (all P<0.01). Conclusions: Prevalence of myocardial injury is high among severe or critically ill COVID-19 patients. Severe or critically ill COVID-19 patients with myocardial injury face a significantly higher risk of in-hospital mortality. The study suggests that it is important to monitor and manage the myocardial injury during hospitalization for severe or critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Study of iron overload assessment by T2* magnetic resonance imaging in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes / 中华血液学杂志

Objectives: To analyze the cardiac T2* value, liver iron concentration (LIC) , and related laboratory parameters in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with iron overload and evaluate the changes of organ functions after iron chelation therapy. To explore the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2* in making early diagnosis and assessing organs iron overload. Methods: Retrospective investigation was used to observe the cardiac T2* value, LIC, iron metabolism parameters and related laboratory parameters of 85 MDS patients from Nov 2014 to Jan 2018. Among them, 7 MDS patients with Low/Int-1 have received iron chelation therapy for 6 months during two MRI examinations. The above parameters were collected before and after iron chelation therapy for comparison. Results: Correlations were found between heart T2* value and age (rs=-0.290, P=0.007) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (rs=0.265, P=0.009) . There was a significant negative correlation between heart T2* value and blood transfusion units (rs=-0.701, P<0.001) . There was a significant positive correlation between LIC and serum ferritin (SF) (rs=0.577, P<0.001) . There was also a correlation between LIC and ALT (rs=0.268, P=0.014) and blood transfusion units (rs=0.244, P=0.034) . There was no correlation between heart T2* and pro-BNP, SF (all P>0.05) , and no correlation between LIC and age (P>0.05) . The increase of heart T2* between the normal and abnormal groups was statistically significant (P=0.005) , but the iron overload ratio of the heart T2*<20 ms was not significant between the two groups. There was statistical significance in the proportion of severe liver iron overload (LIC>15 mg/g DW) (P=0.045) . After iron chelation therapy, the values of SF, transferrin saturation, ALT, AST, pro-BNP and LIC of 7 patients were decreased compared with values before iron chelation therapy, and the peripheral blood cell level was increased. However, the changes of LVEF and T2* values after iron chelation were not obvious. Conclusion: MRI T2* may be a predictor of iron overload in patients with MDS in early stage, and may be more valuable compare with LVEF, SF and other laboratory indicators. The safety and repeatability of MRI cardiac T2* examination are recognized, and it can be used as an ideal detection for patients with iron overload.

Active vitamin D3 plays a protective role in podocytes of diabetic rats by regulating autophagy activity / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of active vitamin D3 on podocyte injury in type 1 diabetic rats.Methods Animals were randomly divided into normal control group (NC group),diabetic nephropathy group (DN group),diabetes nephropathy plus active vitamin D3 group (DN + VD group).Random tail vein blood glucose was measured and 24 hours of urine was collected every 3 weeks to observe the dynamic changes of blood glucose and 24-hour urine volume and urinary albumin.Rats were sacrificed at the end of 18th week,the kidney weight to body weight ratio,serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,serum calcium,and serum phosphorus levels were measured.Pathological in glomeruli were observed by PAS staining.Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to observe the expression of slit diaphragms proteins including Nephrin,Podocin,and vitamin D receptor protein VDR.The mRNA level of autophagy-related protein P62 was detected by realtime quantitative PCR,and expression of autophagy-related protein including LC3B/A,Beclin1,and P62 were detected by Western blotting.Ultrastructure of podocytes and autopbagosomes in podocytes were observed by electron microscopy.Results Levels of serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,and blood glucose in diabetic rats were higher than those in NC group (P＜0.05),but without significant difference between DN and DN+VD groups (P＞0.05).Compared with the DN group,the urinary protein and kidney weight to body weight ratio in the DN +VD group were significantly lower (P＜ 0.05).Mesangial matrix hyperplasia and basement membrane thickening were improved,and podocyte fusion and shedding were partially reversed.The expressions of Nephrin,Podocin,VDR,LC3B/A and Beclin1 were increased,and P62 mRNA and protein were down-regulated (P ＜ 0.05).The number of autophagosomes in podocytes increased.Besides,positive correlations were found between Nephrin and Beclin 1 (r =0.939 8,P＜0.05),as well as Nephrin and VDR (r=0.948 3,P＜0.05),and Beclin1 andVDR (r=0.9093,P＜0.05).Conclusion Active vitamin D3 inhibits the injury of diabetic nephropathy podocytes by up-regulating VDR expression and enhancing autophagy activity,thereby reducing proteinuria and delaying the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Study of iron overload assessment by T2* magnetic resonance imaging in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes / 中华血液学杂志

Objectives@#To analyze the cardiac T2* value, liver iron concentration (LIC) , and related laboratory parameters in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with iron overload and evaluate the changes of organ functions after iron chelation therapy. To explore the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2* in making early diagnosis and assessing organs iron overload.@*Methods@#Retrospective investigation was used to observe the cardiac T2* value, LIC, iron metabolism parameters and related laboratory parameters of 85 MDS patients from Nov 2014 to Jan 2018. Among them, 7 MDS patients with Low/Int-1 have received iron chelation therapy for 6 months during two MRI examinations. The above parameters were collected before and after iron chelation therapy for comparison.@*Results@#Correlations were found between heart T2* value and age (rs=-0.290, P=0.007) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (rs=0.265, P=0.009) . There was a significant negative correlation between heart T2* value and blood transfusion units (rs=-0.701, P<0.001) . There was a significant positive correlation between LIC and serum ferritin (SF) (rs=0.577, P<0.001) . There was also a correlation between LIC and ALT (rs=0.268, P=0.014) and blood transfusion units (rs=0.244, P=0.034) . There was no correlation between heart T2* and pro-BNP, SF (all P>0.05) , and no correlation between LIC and age (P>0.05) . The increase of heart T2* between the normal and abnormal groups was statistically significant (P=0.005) , but the iron overload ratio of the heart T2*<20 ms was not significant between the two groups. There was statistical significance in the proportion of severe liver iron overload (LIC>15 mg/g DW) (P=0.045) . After iron chelation therapy, the values of SF, transferrin saturation, ALT, AST, pro-BNP and LIC of 7 patients were decreased compared with values before iron chelation therapy, and the peripheral blood cell level was increased. However, the changes of LVEF and T2* values after iron chelation were not obvious.@*Conclusion@#MRI T2* may be a predictor of iron overload in patients with MDS in early stage, and may be more valuable compare with LVEF, SF and other laboratory indicators. The safety and repeatability of MRI cardiac T2* examination are recognized, and it can be used as an ideal detection for patients with iron overload.

Predict response to decitabine in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and related neoplasms / 中华血液学杂志

Objective@#To identify clinical and molecular signatures for predicting response to decitabine (DAC) in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and related neoplasms.@*Methods@#The clinical characteristics of 109 patients with MDS and related neoplasms who were treated with DAC were analyzed retrospectively and the next target sequencing was performed to define recurrently mutated genes in these disease samples, to examine the association of the clinical and molecular signatures with response to DAC treatment.@*Results@#Of 109 MDS and related neoplasms patients, there were 70 males and 39 females, the median age was 61 years old (ranges: 17-85 years old) . According to the international prognostic scoring system (IPSS) , 46 cases were included in the relatively low risk group (low risk and intermediate-1 risk) , 63 in the relative high risk group (intermediate-2 and high risk) . There were 21 cases with complex karyotype, 17 chromosome 7 abnormality and 17 monosomal karyotype. The median courses of DAC treatment was 4 (2-11) . A total of 74 patients achieved response (67.9%) and 30 (27.5%) achieved complete response (CR) . Univariate analysis found that CR was higher in patients with high risk of IPSS, complex karyotypes, monosomal karyotypes, chromosome 7 abnormality, and platelet doubling after one cycle of DAC treatment. Patients with TP53 gene mutation were more likely to receive CR, 10 of 15 patients with TP53 mutations achieved CR. (66.7%) , which was significantly higher than that of the patients without TP53 gene mutation (21.3%) (P=0.001) . Multivariate analysis showed that TP53 gene mutation, platelet doubling after one cycle of DAC treatment and the complex karyotype were independent prognostic factors for CR. Of them, TP53 gene mutation is the strongest predictor (OR=4.39, 95%CI, 1.20-16.06, P=0.026) .@*Conclusion@#TP53 mutation, platelet doubling after one cycle of DAC treatment and complex karyotypes could predict CR to DAC.

Efficacy and safety of domestic esomeprazole in the treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To analyze the safety and efficacy of domestic esomeprazole injection in treating peptic ulcer bleeding. Methods A total of 98 patients with peptic ulcer bleeding were enrolled in Zhejiang Xiaoshan hospital from January 2016 to December 2016 were divided into the observation group and the control group by random number table. Both groups were given the same routine treatment, the observation group was given domestic esomeprazole injection on the basis treatment, the control group was given imported eschenopramine injection, clinical efficacy and safety of two groups were compared. Results There was no significant difference in the effective rate of treatment, the total efficacy and adverse reactions between two groups, but the cost in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion For the treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding, both of domestic and imported eschenopramine injection treatment could be received more satisfactory clinical efficacy, but the cost of domestic esomeprazole injection is lower than that of imported esomeprazole..

Efficacy and safety of domestic esomeprazole in the treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To analyze the safety and efficacy of domestic esomeprazole injection in treating peptic ulcer bleeding. Methods A total of 98 patients with peptic ulcer bleeding were enrolled in Zhejiang Xiaoshan hospital from January 2016 to December 2016 were divided into the observation group and the control group by random number table. Both groups were given the same routine treatment, the observation group was given domestic esomeprazole injection on the basis treatment, the control group was given imported eschenopramine injection, clinical efficacy and safety of two groups were compared. Results There was no significant difference in the effective rate of treatment, the total efficacy and adverse reactions between two groups, but the cost in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion For the treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding, both of domestic and imported eschenopramine injection treatment could be received more satisfactory clinical efficacy, but the cost of domestic esomeprazole injection is lower than that of imported esomeprazole..

Anomalous genotype observation of 4 multi-copy RM Y-STRs / 中国法医学杂志

Objective To observe anomalous genotypes of 4 multi-copy RM Y-STRs in Han population in Hubei province. Methods 252 unrelated male samples were ampliifed using reported and newly designed primers, then detected and analyzed by AB 3130 genetic analyzer. Results A total of 25 anomalous multi-band patterns were observed in 20 samples corresponding to an incident rate of 7.94%. 5 anomalous genotypes were observed in DYF387S1 locus, 15 in DYF399S1, 1 in DYF403S1 and 4 in DYF404S1. Four samples showed extra alleles in more than one locus. Conclusion Anomalous genotype has high incident rates in RM Y-STR markers and requires extensive attention in forensic practice.

Cell-free fetal nucleic acid in maternal plasma and noninvasive prenatal paternity testing / 中国法医学杂志

In recent years, the cases of prenatal paternity testing gradually increased in forensic practice. The traditional prenatal paternity analysis can be performed only after invasive sampling of chorionic villi or amniotic fluid, which can result in a risk of miscarriage. The existence of circulating cell-free fetal nucleic acid in maternal plasma has brought new opportunities for the noninvasive prenatal paternity testing. In this paper, the research situation and application prospect of circulating cell-free fetal nucleic acid in maternal plasma in prenatal paternity testing are reviewed.

Research advances of forensically lfuid/tissues identiifcation based on DNA methylation analysis / 中国法医学杂志

Identiifcation of tissues/body lfuids in forensic science is important for criminal cases investigation such as crime scene reconstruction, conclude the character of crime. Recently, many researches of Epigenetic shows that tissue speciifc differentially methylated regions(tDMRs) have the ability to as a biomarker for identiifcation of tissues/body lfuids. In this paper, we reviewed the study progress and summarized the probability, advantage and disadvantage as well as application value and the development direction of the application of DNA methylation in the aspect of identifying the tissues/ body lfuids source, aiming at providing a reference for the related research and application.

MRI for assessment of iron overload in patients with hematologic disease / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Compare the characteristics of magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）liver T2*, cardiac T2* and serum ferritin on the assessment of iron overload.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of sixty-nine patients from November 2011 to June 2014 were enrolled in this study. Their cardiac and liver iron concentration levels were measured through MRI examination, with other clinical data were collected to perform statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The correlation between liver T2* and adjusted serum ferritin（ASF） was statistically significant（P=0.003）. However, no significant correlation was found between cardiac T2* and liver T2*, ASF, respectively. According to the statistical analysis of the 69 cases, it is found that the number of iron overload cases diagnosed by liver T2* was 62 and 20 cases were severe iron overload （32.26%）; the number of iron overload cases diagnosed by ASF was 47 and 14 cases were severe iron overload（29.79%）, while the number of iron overload cases diagnosed by cardiac T2* was only 25 and no severe iron overload cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Since SF was affected by other factors, it cannot reflect the level of iron overload in human body objectively. Now, liver T2* has become the gold standard for assessment of iron overload because of its good reliability and repeatability. However, cardiac T2* cannot correctly be used as assessment for iron overload, and it is only a method of evaluating the level of cardiac iron deposition.</p>

Large granular lymphocyte leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

Large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukaemia is an uncommon clonal lymphoproliferative disorder. The WHO classification recognizes three distinct disorders of LGLs: T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukaemia (T-LGL), chronic lymphoproliferative disorders of NK-cells (CLPD-NK) and aggressive NK-cell leukaemia. Despite the different origin of cells, there is considerable overlap between T-LGL and CLPD-NK in terms of clinical presentation and treatment. Majority of these patients are asymptomatic and may not need treatment. When significant cytopenias occur, the application of immunosuppressive therapy often should be considered. In contrast, aggressive NK cell leukemia and the rare CD56(+) aggressive T-LGL leukemia have a fulminant clinical course and an earlier age of onset, therefore, more intensive combination chemotherapy is required, followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, these diseases are relatively rare, there are few clinical trials to guide management. In this review, the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this leukemia are summarized and discussed.

Iron chelation therapy and its influence on the alleviation of EPO resistance in MDS patients / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the changes of erythropoietin (EPO), hemoglobin(Hb) and recombinant EPO (rEPO) levels in MDS patients receiving iron chelation therapy, and to explore the relationship between EPO and serum ferritin(SF). A total of 172 MDS patients and 30 healthy controls were studied. The levels of SF, EPO, serum iron (SI), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), C-reaction protein (CRP) and Hb were measured respectively, the level of SF was adjusted according to the changes of CRP. Among them, there were 34 cases of low-risk (SF>1 000 mg/L) receiving deferoxamine therapy, whose changes of SF, EPO, SI, TIBC, Hb levels were detected and compared before and after treatment. Besides, the difference in the incidence of EPO resistance in iron overload group and non-iron overload group was assessed before and after therapy, and 58 cases of low-risk and EPO<1 000 U/L MDS patients were given rEPO therapy. The results showed that the level of EPO in non-iron overload group was higher than that in the normal control group (997.44 ± 473.48 vs 467.27 ± 238.49, P < 0.05). Obviously, the level of EPO in iron overload group was higher than that in non-iron overload group and control group (3257.59 ± 697.19 vs 997.44 ± 473.48, P = 0.012, 3257.59 ± 697.19 vs 467.27 ± 238.49, P = 0.002). Otherwise, the incidence of EPO resistance in iron overload group was higher than that in non-iron overload group (18/35 vs 2/23, P = 0.001), and the level of EPO and SF was positively related to each other in iron overload group (r = 0.310,P = 0.036). After receiving iron chelation therapy, the levels of SF, SI, TIBC and EPO in iron overload group were significantly lower than that before therapy (3942.38 ± 641.82 vs 2266.35 ± 367.31, P = 0.028;48.61 ± 10.65 vs 28.52 ± 12.61, P = 0.034;59.84 ± 12.62 vs 33.76 ± 15.43, P = 0.045;3808.01 ± 750.22 vs 1954.78 ± 473.18, P = 0.042). Moreover, the level of Hb increased (35 ± 18 vs 57 ± 21, P = 0.046) and the EPO resistance in some patients was decreased. It is concluded that iron chelation therapy can improve the efficacy of EPO to alleviate EPO resistance in patients wtih anemic MDS, decrease the pathological level of EPO, enhance Hb levels and reduce the dependency on blood transfusion.