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OBJECTIVE：To syst ematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome （ACS）patients in East Asia ，and to provide evidence-based references for clinical drug use. METHODS：Retrieved from Cochrane Library ，PubMed，Embase，CNKI，Wanfang database ，etc.，randomized controlled trials （RCTs）about ticagrelor （trial group ）versus clopidogrel （control group ）in the treatment of ACS patients in east Asia were collected. After literature screening and data extraction ，the quality of included literatures was evaluated by using biasrisk evaluation tool recommended by Co chrane system evaluation manual 5.1.0，and Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.3 statistical software. RESULTS ：A total of 5 RCTs were included ，with a total of 4 511 cases. Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events [OR ＝0.85，95％CI（0.68，1.04），P＝0.12]，the incidence of death from cardiovascular causes [OR ＝0.76，95％CI（0.57，1.03），P＝0.08] and the incidence of stroke [OR ＝0.77，95％CI（0.48，1.24），P＝0.28]， without statistical significance. The incidence of major bleeding events [OR ＝1.54，95％CI（1.19，1.99），P＝0.001] and minor bleeding events [OR ＝1.80，95％ CI（1.40，2.32），P＜0.000 01] in trial group were significantly higher than control group. CONCLUSIONS：Ticagrelor is comparable to clopidogrel in reduce the major adverse cardiovascular events，death from cardiovascular causes and stroke in ACS patients in East Asian ，but it can increase the risk of major and minor bleeding events.
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Objective To explore the features of distribution on HIV-1 gene subtypes among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in the border areas of Yunnan province.Methods A total of 233 newly reported HIV/AIDS cases aged 18 or more were consecutively included in the border counties of Dehong Dai and Jingpo autonomous prefecture (Dehong prefecture),Honghe Hani and Yi autonomous prefecture (Honghe prefecture) of Yunnan province from November 2015 to October 2016.HIV-1 RNA was extracted with pol and env genes amplified.HIV-1 gene subtypes were determined through phylogenetic analysis.Results A total of 146 out of 233 specimens were genotyped successfully.HIV-1 was found to have had 8 gene subtypes in Dehong prefecture,with the unique recombinant forms (URFs) as the predominant (52.8％,57/108) type,including 56.8％ (21/37) of the cases with Chinese ethnicity and another 50.7％ (36/71) were Myanmar citizens.Four HIV-1 gene subtypes were detected in Honghe prefecture,with CRF01_AE as predominant (71.1％,27/38),including 81.0％ (17/21) Vietnamese and 58.8％ (10/17) Chinese.Differences on the distribution of HIV-1 gene subtypes were seen statistically significant between Dehong prefecture and Honghe prefecture (x2=61.072,P＜0.001).Conclusions The distribution of HIV-1 gene subtypes showed big difference in the two border areas of Yunnan province,suggesting that both Chinese or non-Chinese citizens living in the area should be taken good care of,in terms of HIV/AIDS prevention and control.
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Objective To explore the features of distribution on HIV-1 gene subtypes among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in the border areas of Yunnan province.Methods A total of 233 newly reported HIV/AIDS cases aged 18 or more were consecutively included in the border counties of Dehong Dai and Jingpo autonomous prefecture (Dehong prefecture),Honghe Hani and Yi autonomous prefecture (Honghe prefecture) of Yunnan province from November 2015 to October 2016.HIV-1 RNA was extracted with pol and env genes amplified.HIV-1 gene subtypes were determined through phylogenetic analysis.Results A total of 146 out of 233 specimens were genotyped successfully.HIV-1 was found to have had 8 gene subtypes in Dehong prefecture,with the unique recombinant forms (URFs) as the predominant (52.8％,57/108) type,including 56.8％ (21/37) of the cases with Chinese ethnicity and another 50.7％ (36/71) were Myanmar citizens.Four HIV-1 gene subtypes were detected in Honghe prefecture,with CRF01_AE as predominant (71.1％,27/38),including 81.0％ (17/21) Vietnamese and 58.8％ (10/17) Chinese.Differences on the distribution of HIV-1 gene subtypes were seen statistically significant between Dehong prefecture and Honghe prefecture (x2=61.072,P＜0.001).Conclusions The distribution of HIV-1 gene subtypes showed big difference in the two border areas of Yunnan province,suggesting that both Chinese or non-Chinese citizens living in the area should be taken good care of,in terms of HIV/AIDS prevention and control.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) subtypes among intravenous drug users (IDUs) in Kunming, Yunnan province, in 2014.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 276 plasma samples were collected from IDUs in Kunming during April 2014 -July 2014, in which 199 plasma samples were tested to be HCV antibody positive. For the HCV antibody positive samples, HCV E1E2 genes and NS5B genes were amplified by using nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). After sequencing, the HCV subtypes were determined through phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Based on the phylogenetic trees of E1E2 gene and NS5B gene fragments, a total of 125 samples were genotyped. 3b was the predominant subtype (48.8%,61/125), followed by 3a (30.4%, 38/125), 6n (14.4%, 18/125), 6a (3.2%, 4/125) and 1b (3.2%, 4/125). The distributions of HCV subtypes by sex, marital status, ethnic group and HIV-1 infection status showed no statistical differences. However, the distribution of HCV subtypes by age showed statistical difference, the diversity of HCV subtypes was found in age group <45 years. The genetic distances of 3a, 3b and 6a on E1E2 and NS5B were larger than those of 1b and 6n. For genotype 3, the genetic distances of 3b on E1E2 and NS5B were larger than those of 3a.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Five HCV subtypes were found among IDUs in Kunming, HCV subtypes 3b and 3a were predominant, which have circulated in this population for long time.</p>